Game Code Research Articles

Effects of Collaborative Support on Learning in Serious Games for Programming

This study examines the effectiveness of a collaborative support method in enhancing programming learning outcomes in a serious game. The game Code Hasp was developed to facilitate the comparison between two support methods, worked examples and a collaborative peer support approach. A total of 111 elementary school students participated, divided into two groups. The experimental group received collaborative support from teammates alongside worked examples, while the control group relied solely on worked examples. Pre- and post-test results and in-game data revealed that the collaborative support method improved learning efficiency and problem-solving skills. A notable effect of the process was the emergence of a leadership role in most collaborative groups. The game’s support design and shared goal structure mitigate potential problems associated with unbalanced participation. These findings suggest that collaborative support systems in serious games are a promising strategy for promoting engagement and improving learning outcomes in programming education.

«Рисунок пером»: игровой текст в аспекте его восприятия

In this article the countertext method is tested as an experimental psycholinguistic procedure in relation to the peculiarities of perception of a literary game text. A game text can be understood as a work in which a language game performs plot-forming and meaning- forming functions and requires the recipient to decode game codes which are unique to the author’s idiostyle. In this regard, the depth of understanding of the text depends on the level of its complexity, partially determined by the leading gaming technique, and the interpretation strategy that corresponds with the degree of formation of linguocultural and linguocreative competencies. The object of reader reception in this study is the novel by S.D. Krzhizhanovsky “Drawing by feather” (1934). The game technique used in it is grotesque, which highlights the author’s idea through intertextuality and linguistic allusive- symbolic markers. Game codes lead to implicatures that one need to decode, thus make perception of this text peculiar. The results obtained during the experiment with philology students demonstrate the variety of aspects of perception of the author’s intention and degrees of understanding of the text. Specific strategies relevant for the analysis of game text are identified: situationally compensating plot and orienting strategies, dialogue and intertextual strategies, the game “connection” strategy, and the strategy of metalinguistic commentary, which is relevant for philology major respondents. The study determines the prospect of refining the procedure of the experimental method of countertext.

Comparing the effectiveness of game literacy education and game coding education in improving problematic internet gaming.

Problematic internet gaming by adolescents has been thought to be associated with low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and attention problems. We hypothesized that both game literacy and coding education would effectively improve problematic internet use. However, game coding education would be more effective in enhancing self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescents than game literacy education. A total of 733 adolescent volunteers were included and randomly assigned to either the game coding education or game literacy education programs. Both programs consisted of eight sessions, each lasting 45 minutes, over four weeks. The coding education sessions included game planning and development lessons and allowed students to create the game's characters, stages, and tutorials directly using Scratch, a free coding program. Game literacy education sessions included lessons on enjoying gaming with a healthy rationale and etiquette. Data on demographics, gaming patterns, and psychological status, including positive/negative perceptions of online games, depression, social anxiety, and self-esteem, were collected. Both game coding and game literacy education significantly improved YIAS scores compared to baseline, and there was no significant difference in the YIAS scores between the two groups after the interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis of all participants, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, and lower attention problem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis among individuals with game coding education, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, lower attention problem scores, and higher self-esteem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after intervention. In addition, game coding education greatly improved negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety compared to game literacy education. Both game literacy and game coding education effectively mitigate internet game addiction. However, game coding education effectively mitigated problematic internet gaming by improving negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety in adolescents. We found that the application of knowledge by students in creating their own games was more effective than simply developing a conceptual understanding of the games.

The Ludic Impact of Horror Games on the Body: Until Dawn, Amnesia: The Dark Descent, and Alien: Isolation

Abstract Horror video games create an enhanced sense of fear compared to film and television of the same genre due to their use of ludic elements. These ludic elements, specifically haptic game design mechanics, play conditioning, and the coding of the games themselves all bypass the screen and controller to impact the body of the player. Understanding affect as the relationship of the body to the world, video games are therefore a strong affective medium for the horror genre. Three aspects enable video games to have this strong impact: haptic game design mechanics, play conditioning, and game coding. Using the controller as a threshold object, video games physically interact with players to create a horror experience that compels the body to mirror the fear on screen. Additionally, horror games condition players to play them in a specific way to heighten tension and deny control. Finally, the coding of horror games can create obstacles that deny player control and create an environment of fear. The aim of the essay is to explore the effective use of all these elements and mechanics in three games: the 2015 game Until Dawn, the 2016 horror game Amnesia: The Dark Descent, and the 2014 game Alien: Isolation. (VH)

A Conceptual Exploration: Incorporating Physical Education with Metaverse

The term “metaverse” refers to a range of technologies, including chip technology, network communication technology, VR/AR/MR/XR technology, game technology (game engine, game code, multimedia resources), and block chain technology. Augmented reality and virtual reality offer numerous potential application. As the social metaverse becomes more accessible, it is crucial to incorporate additional valuable components. Some experts argue that the use of technology is least essential in the context of physical education. However, challenge persist in the field of physical education. The integration of physical education into metaverse is gaining popularity, as it address the pressing need to overcome the limitations imposed by the lack of physical venues. The evolution of the feasibility of metaverse technologies and their application in sports relies on the utilization of technology definitions and examples. To address the conceptual nature of this essay, an interpretivist research approach has been adopted. This approach emphasizes the analysis of literature rather than data gathering. Additionally, the study incorporates network research and fieldwork to gather educational experiences and metaverse knowledge. This paper delves into the concept of Metaverse integration and explores its potential impact. The metaverse, which is a virtual reality space, has the potential to provide students with an immersive learning experience that enhances their physical education. By incorporating virtual environments, students can simulate real-life situations and learn in a way that mirrors the real world. This paper underscores those significance of metaverse technology in the context to physical education.

The Effectiveness of Game Coding Education on Problematic Internet Gaming.

Problematic internet gaming in adolescents is associated with various negative outcomes, such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and attention problems. We hypothesized that game coding education, by improving adolescents' self-esteem, would be more effective than game literacy education in mitigating problematic internet gaming. A total of 126 adolescents who voluntarily applied for the game coding education and game literacy education program of the "Visiting Game Class" project operated by the Game Cultural Foundation participated in this study. We collected data on demographics, gaming patterns, and psychological status, including positive or negative perceptions of online games, depression, and anxiety. We designated those with scores higher than 40 on Young's Internet Addiction Scale as the "problematic internet gaming" group. Only game coding education was significantly effective in decreasing internet use, lowering depressive symptoms, and improving self-esteem. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, more frequent education time, coding education, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, and high self-esteem predicted decreased internet gaming among participants exhibiting problematic internet gameplay. Game coding education effectively mitigates problematic gaming by improving adolescents' self-esteem. Thus, it may be beneficial to increase education time and devise game education programs tailored to adolescents' psychological status.

To the Center of Nowhere: Deep Mapping Digital Games’ Paratextual Geographies

Games are possibility spaces and the experiential circumstances generated by the execution of digital game code are paratextual thresholds of transition and transaction. If games are paratexts, game design is a form of modeling; game-playing is a form of transactional mapping; and the critical engagement with games is best approached via a modified version of “deep mapping,” a digital humanities process indebted to textual studies approaches. This paper will explore the paratextual idea of deep mapping in relation to Hello Games’ constantly evolving No Man's Sky, and The C64, a full-sized reissue of Commodore 64 hardware by Retro Games Ltd. Overall, the use of deep mapping to comprehend the paratextual thresholds of games validates the importance of textual studies approaches, acknowledging the complex relationship between physicality and virtuality while also reconfirming that games require methodologies that move beyond reading paradigms and the exclusive framework of textuality.

Becoming Official

This article addresses technological and aesthetic intersections between DJing and modern video game audio modding, with the aim of elucidating a technological context that allows game scorers without programming backgrounds to practice audio design and programming for video games. Game audio modding is a form of music remix that depends on access to game audio programming and design technologies that are embedded in game code. Though modern audio modders still require access to this code to create advanced audio mods, game audio programming and design technologies have grown in accessibility, such as the audio middleware program FMOD Studio, the design and functionality of which resembles technologies used by DJs. In fact, DJs are uniquely suited to modern game audio modding, and hence game audio design and programming, as these activities necessitate looping and transitioning between musical themes, as well as designing and programming such techniques in relation to gameplay, resulting in a kind of gameplay-automated DJ for modded scores. To elucidate this point, this article will use video game music composed by Lena Raine, and its accompanying audio programming project file designed and programmed by Kevin Regamey and Power-Up Audio, for the 2018 multiplatform two-dimensional platformer game Celeste, as an instructive example.

A Master Mind Game Code Algorithm Approach to Help Surgical Decision-Making between Retropharyngeal Fat Grafting and Pharyngoplasty for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Incompetence.

Introduction Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a controversial pathology with many surgical options. Objective To compare pharyngoplasty and retropharyngeal fat grafting and to build a prognostic tool to achieve perfect speech. Methods Retrospective observational cohort study of 114 patients operated for VPI from 1982 to 2019 in a single tertiary center. The instrumental assessment was made using an aerophonoscope and nasofibroscopy. The variables sex, age, genetic syndromes, and type of diagnosis were analyzed with logistic regression model adjusted with propensity score. To generalize results and to build a surgical predictive tool, a marginal analysis concludes the study. Results Among the patients (median [range] age 7 [4-48]), 63 (55.26%) underwent pharyngoplasty and 51 (44.74%) graft. The graft group had no complication, but it had a failure rate of 7.84%. The pharyngoplasty group had no failure, but one patient had postoperative obstructive sleep apnea. The marginal analysis demonstrated that age lower than 7 years, cleft lip and palate, absence of syndrome, and intermittent VPI were important predictive factors of good result regardless of surgical technique. Conclusions Without a statistical demonstration of the superiority of pharyngoplasty over graft, and in the uncertainty of literature background, our perfect-speech patient profile represents an important tool for a postoperative forecast of results in which, like in the Master Mind game, every feature has to be considered not individually but as a pattern of characteristics whose association contributes to the outcome.

Review: Ludified, edited by Marko Ciciliani, Barbara Lüneburg, and Andreas Pirchner

Review: <i>Ludified</i>, edited by Marko Ciciliani, Barbara Lüneburg, and Andreas Pirchner

Tradition, Sovereignty, and Conservation: The Controversy Surrounding the Wind River Indian Reservation Game Code

Abstract In December 1983, a highly publicized slaughter of over fifty elk at Wind River Indian Reservation reignited a dispute between the reservation’s resident tribes—the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho nations—over wildlife management. In response to diminished big game populations, the Eastern Shoshone Tribe had passed hunting regulations in 1980, but the people of the Northern Arapaho Tribe refused to do so, effectively derailing any attempt to manage wildlife at Wind River. After the Bureau of Indian Affairs imposed a game code on the reservation in 1984, the Northern Arapaho Tribe initiated a legal battle that culminated in the 1987 case of Northern Arapahoe Tribe v. Hodel. The court ruled that because the treaty rights of the two tribes overlapped in the area of wildlife management and because research conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the request of both tribes had revealed a need for hunting regulations, the U.S. government had the power to impose the Wind River Reservation Game Code. Although the tribes jointly manage wildlife today and big game populations now thrive at Wind River, it is important to examine the controversy that involved conflicting visions of and concerns about cultural traditions, tribal sovereignty, and wildlife conservation principles and practices. Exploring how Eastern Shoshones and Northern Arapahos viewed those subjects differently and how their longstanding rivalry at Wind River shaped this conflict highlights some problems with the simplistic and romanticized concept of the “Ecological Indian.”

An overview of the listing process under the California Endangered Species Act

The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) is one of the most important legal tools available to the Fish and Game Commission and Department of Fish and Wildlife to protect the State’s wildlife resources. The listing process, together with the prohibitions in section 2080 of the Fish and Game Code, are the law’s regulatory teeth. At the same time, because any interested person can petition to list a species, the listing process invites citizen participation in the regulatory scheme. Listing decisions can be the difference between persistence and extinction of a species. They can also cause severe economic disruption and, for this reason, should in our view be made with due deliberation and based on the best available scientific information. Here we describe the complex roadmap that petitions must navigate and that is intended to assure that only native species that need protection get it.

TZMon: Improving mobile game security with ARM trustzone

As the game industry is moving from PC to smartphone platforms, security problems related to mobile games are becoming critical. Considering the characteristics of mobile games such as having short life-cycles and high communication costs, the server/network-side security technologies designed for PC games are not appropriate for mobile games. In this study, we propose TZMon, a client-side game protection mechanism based on the ARM TrustZone, which protects the confidentiality and integrity of mobile games. TZMon is composed of application integrity protocol, secure update protocol, data hiding protocol, and timer synchronization protocol. To adequately safeguard game codes and data, TZMon is designed considering an environment of frequent communications with the game server, a stand-alone operation environment, and an unreliable environment using a rooted OS. Furthermore, flexibility is provided to game application developers who apply security policies by using the Java Native Interface (JNI). In this study, we use Android and the Open Portable Trusted Execution Environment (OPTEE) as the OS platforms for Normal World and Secure World, respectively. After implementing a full-featured prototype of TZMon, we apply it to several open-source mobile games. We prove through the experiments that the application of the proposed TZMon does not cause any noticeable performance degradation and can detect major cheating techniques of mobile games.

Playspecs: Regular Expressions for Game Play Traces

We introduce Playspecs, an application of omega-regular expressions to specifying play traces (sequences of game states or events unfolding over time). This connects the automated analysis and model checking of games to the literature on formal software verification via Bu ̈chi automata. We show how to define desirable or undesirable sequences of game events with Playspecs and how associated algorithms can find examples (or prove the impossibility) of such sequences. Playspecs have two main benefits over existing techniques for specifying the behaviors of a game over time. First, they offer a scalable commitment to formal modeling: the same Playspecs can filter existing traces gathered by telemetry, search for satisfying traces using existing game code, or drive formal verification when paired with a logical model of a game. Second, Playspecs' syntax can be customized for the game engine or game in question so designers may write specifications using their game's native vocabulary. We define Playspecs' syntax and semantics (modulo gamespecific customizations) and outline algorithms for each of the applications mentioned above, providing examples from the social simulation game Prom Week and the puzzle game engine PuzzleScript.

Assessment of the Financial Condition of Knowledge Based Economy Entities – an Example of Polish Video Game Sector

Abstract The video game producers are currently in spotlight of market information services. Successes and huge budgets of such companies attract many readers. However, scientific studies related to this sector do not share the same popularity. A reflection on the source of value in this sector shows that what generates revenues is not disclosed in the report. Great examples are customers’ relationships or the value of employees creating the game code and story of the game. Video games producers sector presents a good combination of business and culture that allows reflection on financial characteristics of knowledge based companies. Prior studies show that market’s valuation takes into account unrecognised assets but capital-intensive character of a production and intangibility of a product and its assets causes problems with exact valuation. In this paper the author asks about the impact of the characteristics on the assessment of a financial condition. The research question in this paper is whether it is possible to use and interpret correctly popular discriminant analysis model for knowledge based entities on the example of video game companies. Results are applicable by analysts and managers of this sector and help to determine the usefulness of this method, but it still depends on assumptions and accounting policies. The reflection presented also broadens the discussion on financialisation because analysed companies can oppose this trend in a specific way.

The Radiative Forcing of Aerosols in a West Africa Sahelian Urban City: Case Study of Ouagadougou

This paper is an assessment of radiative forcing caused by atmospheric aerosols in an urban city in West Africa. It is carried out in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso and is an illustration of the radiative impact in most of the large Sahelian urban cities which are under the same climatic influences and whose populations present similarities in their socio-economic aspects. Using the GAME code, the radiative forcing was calculated at the top of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric layer and at the earth’s surface. The results showed overall a cooling effect at the top of the atmosphere due to the backscattering in space of the incident radiation, a heating in the atmospheric layer due to the absorption effect and a surface cooling justified by the attenuation of radiation crossing the atmosphere. Using monthly average values of optical properties, vertical temperature and humidity profiles, daily temperatures and surface albedo, the simulation yielded forcing values ranging from -6.77 W/m2 to -2.56 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere, from 15.8 W/m2 to 34.7 W/m2 in the atmospheric layer and from -41.00 W/m2 to -21.68 W/m2 at the earth’s surface. In addition, the warming was simulated in the first atmospheric layer (in contact with the surface), and the results show values ranging from 0.8°C to 1.8°C. The study of the annual variability of the results showed a strong correlation between the radiative forcing and the seasonal succession characteristic of the climate in West Africa with the extreme values in the month of March (characteristic of the dry and hot season) and in the month of August (characteristic of the rainy season).

Aplikasi Game Edukasi ABC Space Typing menggunakan Godot Engine

Computer subjects have their own appeal for elementary school students. Elementary school students are interested in computers because it is new to them. But in teaching and learning activities they are only interested in drawing and playing. In the typing lesson section, only a few students are interested in learning to type. Therefore, the teacher needs a more interesting way to provoke students' interest to be willing to type. This method is to invite students to play games with the educational elements of typing. This research was made using the GDLC method, game development begins with the initiation of a game model, pre-production with game planning and design, production by starting game coding, alpha version for the first test, beta version for the second test conducted by players, and version release, namely the form finished games that are ready to be played, which aims so that the system can be easily developed. This research was made to build an educational game with an educational element of typing. The software used to build this game is the Godot engine with the gdscript programming language. With an attractive game display, it is hoped that students will be more interested in learning to type.

CREATING AND MODIFYING THE GAME CONTENT BY PLAYERS AS AN ACT OF PROSUMERISM

Prosumption can be described as an involvement of customers in the process of production. Customers obtain certain benefits related to increasing the degree of customization of the product or service. On the other hand, prosumption minimizes the costs associated with the purchase and/or use of products by consumers by undertaking of certain activities traditionally performed by the company. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of creating and modifying computer game content by players as an act of prosumerism. Player used a game as primary materials to create some game elements or even producing a completely new one. They make unpaid work on game modification, called by its practitioners as “game modding”. Game modding is a process of changing, adding or removing game code that alters the way the game is played. This process includes many different actions, such as creating characters, houses and gardens in The Sims, changing the appearance of the residents, creating virtual buildings and landscapes in Second Life. Players build their own virtual environment. Creators gather in modding communities in which they sharing created content, advice each other’s, cooperate with other creators. Cooperation facilitates some platforms like Steam, various online forums or video sharing sites like Youtube. Besides players, also companies can take advantages from users’ creativity. They obtain information’s about consumer preferences which can be used e.g. in advertising or future product design. The modding community is a valuable source of innovation and recruitment for the game industry. Game modds can expand period of time when the game is played and consecutively receive high sales revenue. Presented approach is based on literature review.

Diurnal Variability of the Radiative Impact of Atmospheric Aerosols in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A Seasonal Approach

The objective of this work is to study the diurnal evolution of the radiative impact of atmospheric aerosols in an urban city located in the West African Sahel and the correlations with the main influencing factors of local climate dynamics. The simulation was performed using a treatment chain including the GAME code. In the methodology, the atmosphere is modeled by 33 plane parallel layers and the effects of absorption, multiple scattering by particles and gas are taken account. An hour-by-hour calculation of radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric layer and at the earth’s surface was performed. The data used as input are the monthly averages of optical properties, radiosonde measurements, daily synoptic measurements and surface albedo. The results show a parabolic diurnal course of a negative radiative impact at the top of the atmosphere with an extremum at 12 o'clock. Maximum cooling is observed shortly after sunrise and shortly after sunset. The largest annual deviations are noted between the months of March and December with respective maximum cooling values of -34 W/m2 and -15.60 W/m2. On the earth’s surface, a cooling impact is observed with two diurnal peaks at sunrise and sunset, the greatest difference between the diurnal maximums is noted between March (-104.45 W/m2) and August (-54 W/m2). In the atmospheric layer, there is almost constant diurnal warming between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. The maximum difference between the diurnal extremes is also noted between March (about 85 W/m2) and August (35 W/m2). Likewise, the study of the diurnal warming of the first atmospheric layer showed the extreme values in March (5.6°C) and August (2.4°C), these maximum values being always observed at around 12 o’clock. An analysis of similar works carried out in urban cities in various locations of the world has shown a relatively good accordance with the values obtained. This study highlights the radiative impact of Saharan desert dust, the effect of the local climate and the succession between dry season (November to May) and the rainy one (July to October), as well as the zenith solar angle and human activity.

CREATING BRANDED COMPUTER GAME ELEMENTS AS A FORM OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT

Nowadays companies want to engage customers in all possible ways to better meeting their needs. New media gave managers opportunities to interact with people and establish cooperation. Present paper is aimed to give an outlook on creating branded computer game elements as a customer engagement behavior. The author carried out 20 in-depth interviews with users of three computer games: The Sims, Second Life and Euro Truck Simulator 2. The results show that players create branded game modifications with interference only into audiovisual presentation and interference in the game code. Inside the games, it can be find also a wide range of fictitious brands that replace the real one, among others for legal reason. The authors tried to answer the question why people engage in creating branded game elements. Based on some players statement during the interviews it can be assumed that players create branded elements for few reasons. They want to diversify the game, create some items as an entertainment activities, want to raise the realism of the game, need to belong to some community and also create add-ons to earn money.