Gall Theory Research Articles

DEVELOPING INTENS (INTERACTIVE ENGLISH) BOOK FOR ADVANCE LEARNERS

The purpose of this research is developing English learning media called INTENS (Interactive English) for advance learners. This media consist of some materials which is appropriate to be studied for all English advance learners. The research method used is Research and Development. This development used Borg and Gall theory which have several steps, those are; 1) Research and Information Collection, 2) Planning, 3) Develop Preliminary Form of Product, 4) Preliminary Field Testing, 5) Main Product Revision, 6) Main Field Testing 7) Final Product Revision 8) Dissemination and Implementation. The media validation result got 95 score it was in “very good” category, and the material validation got 92 score it was in “very good” category. Subject of this research was students of MA Al Bairuny Jombang. The students’s responses of try out result 85 was in “good category”. It can be concluded that INTENS (Interactive English) is feasible to be used as a learning media for English advance learners.

Tatw?r al-maw?d al-ta’l?m?yah li mah?rati al-qir?’ah ‘al? al-madkhal al-ilm? fi al-madrasah al-Munawwarah al-mutawassitah al-isl?m?yah Jombang

?????? : ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 2013. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? 2013 ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? : ????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? : (1) ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?(2) ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????.???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? 88?3 % ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???81?53 % ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 90 % ??? ?? ????? "?????". ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ABSTRACT MTs AL Munawarah is one of the madrasas under the auspices of the Al Munawarah Islamic Boarding School in Jombang Regency. The curriculum used in the teaching and learning process at this madrasa is the K13 curriculum. This curriculum is very helpful for teachers in developing learning materials in terms of material exploration to how to present the exercises used. The researchers here want to help develop the teaching materials used in accordance with the characteristics of the k13 curriculum. From this development, new K13-based teaching materials emerged that could be used by teachers, especially Arabic teachers. This research approach using developmental (R & D) for Borg and Gall theory consists of: (1) preliminary study, (2) planning, (3) hypothetical model development, (4) hypothetical model review, (5) revision, (6 ) limited trial, (7) revision of test results. From the previous statement, the researchers determined the formulation of the problem: (1) How to prepare reading learning teaching materials using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. and (2) the characteristics of the preparation of teaching materials for learning to read using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. Based on the assessment of design experts obtained 88.3% very good standard. The expert's assessment of the content of the book obtained a very good standard of 81.53%. The assessment of the student and teacher questionnaires came in at 90%, which is at the level of "very good." This case shows that this book is very good to use in teaching Arabic from the results of assessments and suggestions from experts and also from the responses of teachers and students.

Tatw?r al-maw?d al-ta’l?m?yah li mah?rati al-qir?’ah ‘al? al-madkhal al-ilm? fi al-madrasah al-Munawwarah al-mutawassitah al-isl?m?yah Jombang

???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???????.????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (R & D) ?????? ???? ? ??? ??: (1) ????? ????? ? (2) ????? ? (3) ????? ????? ??????? ? (4) ?????? ????? ??????? ? (5) ?????? ? (6) ) ????? ?????? ? (7) ?????? ????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???????: (1) ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ? (2) ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????.????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? 88.3? ????? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? 81.53?. ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? 90? ??? ??? ????? "??? ????". ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????. ABSTRACT MTs AL Munawarah is one of the madrasas under the auspices of the Al Munawarah Islamic Boarding School in Jombang Regency. The curriculum used in the teaching and learning process at this madrasa is the K13 curriculum. This curriculum is very helpful for teachers in developing learning materials in terms of material exploration to how to present the exercises used. The researchers here want to help develop the teaching materials used in accordance with the characteristics of the k13 curriculum. From this development, new K13-based teaching materials emerged that could be used by teachers, especially Arabic teachers. This research approach using developmental (R & D) for Borg and Gall theory consists of: (1) preliminary study, (2) planning, (3) hypothetical model development, (4) hypothetical model review, (5) revision, (6 ) limited trial, (7) revision of test results. From the previous statement, the researchers determined the formulation of the problem: (1) How to prepare reading learning teaching materials using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. and (2) the characteristics of the preparation of teaching materials for learning to read using a scientific approach at MTS Al Munawarah Diwek - Jombang. Based on the assessment of design experts obtained 88.3% very good standard. The expert's assessment of the content of the book obtained a very good standard of 81.53%. The assessment of the student and teacher questionnaires came in at 90%, which is at the level of "very good." This case shows that this book is very good to use in teaching Arabic from the results of assessments and suggestions from experts and also from the responses of teachers and students.

Developing Modelling-Based Speaking Module for Informal Interaction to Support Independent Learning of Speaking Skill

The lack of English module in speaking skill to support the teaching and learning process becomes one of the reasons for this study to come up. Another one is the reality that now, students are expected to be able to develop themselves independently without being dependent on lecturers since the Ministry of Education issued a new curriculum of Kampus Merdeka (Independent Campus). This is such an extended period from what is being faced by the world during outbreak era where classroom activities cannot be held. This study aims to observe what kind of speaking module is needed by students and to develop a modelling-based speaking module in informal interaction to support the independent learning process. This is a research and Development method according to Borg and Gall theory with 10 steps of development. The results show students need a module that can give them examples how to pronounce words but not in form of phonetic transcription. A module is then developed containing various daily expressions accompanied by an USB flash-drive contains recordings of a native speaker giving examples or models on how to pronounce the expressions accurately. Student are expected to be able to imitate the examples whenever they need until they can produce correct pronunciation and intonation.

Development of Pocket Book Based on Science Literacy

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of science literacy based pocket books for fifth grade elementary school students. This research method refers to the Borg band Gall theory, using ten stages of research, namely information gathering, research planning, initial product development, field testing, revision, product testing, revision of field product testing results, validation, final improvement, and implementation. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview and questionnaire techniques. Sources of data in this study were fifth grade students and teachers in Rembang Regency. The design of the pocket book development is based on scientific literacy developed by the researcher, consisting of 3 parts, namely introduction, content, and closing. In the content section, the material integrates 4 aspects of scientific literacy. Product feasibility is seen from the validation results of material experts and linguists. From the material expert validation process obtained an average result of 3.33 with a percentage of 83% and very good category. The validation of linguists obtained results of 85% with an average of 3.40 and the category was very good. Based on the validation results, a scientific literacy-based pocket book is suitable for use as a companion book in learning.

Developing Encyclopaedia Media on Form and Function of Plant to Train Elementary Students' Critical Thinking Skill

This study aims to develop effective, feasible, and valid encyclopedia media on form and function of plant to train fourth-graders’ critical thinking skills in the elementary school. This study was research and development based on Borg and Gall theory and Research (R& D) model. Data were collected using observation, questionnaires, and tests and analyzed using media validity and reliability, student activity, implementation of lesson plans, and tests of critical thinking skills. After that, the media was validated by experts. The results of the expert validation showed that the Encyclopedia media was valid for use. Furthermore, the media was tested on fourth-graders of SDN KERTAJAYA V / 211 Surabaya using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The limited scale trial results showed (1) the validation of the developed Encyclopedia media were 96% valid categories, (2) the developed media were tested in term of lesson plan implementation were 94% with well-implemented category and student activities were suitable to Discovery Learning model, (3) the effectiveness of the Encyclopedia media in terms of students’ critical thinking skills tests showed that average N-Gain was 0.75 (high) and positive response of 97% was given by students. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Encyclopedia media on Form and Function of Plant is feasible to train Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students.

The Development of Student Worksheet Based on Project-Based Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes of Five-Grade in Elementary School

The purpose of this research and development is to develop and describe the feasibility and effectiveness of developing student worksheets based on project-based learning to improve learning outcomes of fifth-grade in Elementary School. This type of research is research and development refers to Borg and Gall theory. The population of this study was fifth-grade students in Primary Schools in Jati Agung District, and the sample was determined by a random sampling of 22 students of Public Elementary School in Margakaya. Data were collected through observation sheets, questionnaires, and test questions. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire of the validity and effectiveness of the product on the Student Worksheet based on Project Based Learning and student test results. Data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The results showed that the Thematic Student Worksheets based on Project Based Learning fulfill valid and effective criteria with a gain value of 0.41. Improving the thematic learning outcomes of the analysis of the Minimum Mastery Criteria (≥66) was 95.83% in the fifth-grade student of Elementary School. Keywords: Project-Based Learning, Student Worksheets, Thematic. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-17-09 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Maine de Biran and Gall’s phrenology: the origins of a debate about the localization of mental faculties

ABSTRACT In March 1808 at the Institut de France, the German physician Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828), together with his assistant Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776–1832), unveiled his rather controversial doctrine about the localization of brain functions, by combining histological data with cranioscopical observations. This doctrine was based on the discovery of discrete regions of the cerebral cortex, where innate universal faculties or aptitudes were supposed to be located. However, a commission designated by the Institut itself judged Gall's theory to be completely devoid of scientific value. Some months later, the French spiritualist philosopher Maine de Biran (1766–1824) submitted some Observations sur les divisions organiques du cerveau to the members of the Medical Society of Bergerac, of which he was the president. This paper assesses Maine de Biran's rejection of Gall's organologie against the background of his knowledge of the current scientific debates concerning localization theories. The paper argues that Biran's main purpose was to defend the existence of a close relationship between physiology and psychology, medicine and metaphysics.

Development of Students 'Sheet Activities Through Inquiry Models in Various Themes of Class IV Students' Basic Schools

This study aims to develop student worksheets, and to know the effectiveness of thematic based LKS through Inquiry model for fourth grade students of Elementary School I Pinang Jaya. This type of research is research and development (R & D) which refers to Borg & Gall's theory. The study population was all grade IV students of SDN Sekampung Gugus Ahmad Yani District and a sample of 54 students obtained by multistage random sampling technique were grade IV students of SDN I Klopo Mulyo. Data collection techniques use learning and observation tests. Data analysis technique is done through quantitative analysis for product development that is effectiveness test used N-gain and t test. The results of this study indicate that the developed LKS feasible to be used and effective through experts from material experts and media experts in improving student learning outcomes. Keywords: student, student worksheet, inquiry, learning result. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-8-10 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

The Development of Project Based Learning Based on Skills Assessment Instrument to Measure Students’ Creativity in Fifth Grade of Elementary School

The purpose of this study is to produce a project skill assessment instrument product based on valid, reliable, and has tested its predictive validity on project based learning to measure students' creativity on the themes of animal and human motion organs. This type of research and development refers to Borg & Gall's theory. The study population was fifth grade students in elementary school in Gedong Tataan, Pesawaran. The research sample uses a purposive sampling technique, which consists of 87 students. Data analysis techniques were carried out in a mixed between qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that the project based learning based on skills assessment instrument was used to measure the creativity of fifth grade elementary school students. The feasibility is proven through the results of the expert validation of the material, language, and evaluation, as well as practitioner tests that show results in the category of "very good" and can be used. The validity test of the instrument for creativity test shows the category of "valid" based on the above test value on the r table value. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire item reliability test to measure students' creative skills obtained a value of 0.619 indicating that all items are reliable because the value of r arithmetic (0.619) is at the level of significance of the "high" category. Keywords: Assessment Instruments, Creativity, Project Based Learning. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-9-08 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Learning gurindam 12 as local wisdom through role playing assisted by audio visual to strengthen character of students

This study aimed to describe the strengthening of student character by learning Gurindam 12 through Role Playing assisted by Audio Visual. The research method was carried out with the Borg and Gall theory on research and development (R and D), this researcher conducted pre-tests and post-tests to find out whether local wisdom learning of Gurindam 12 through Role Playing assisted by Audio Visual can improve noble character in students. The sample in this study were prospective students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program teachers at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) UMRAH. The result is that the Gurindam 12 through Role Playing assisted by Audio Visual makes learning more active and more enjoyable and can increase the values of positive characters in students including helping and cooperating with each other, and socially sensitive.

Identification of development of feasibility assessment for community based water power plant

This study aims to identify technical and non-technical aspects in developing the feasibility assessment of community-based hydropower.The technical aspects consist of the aspects of Hydrology, Civil and Mechanical Electrical and non-technical aspects influenced by economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects. In identifying the two aspects above exploration of Borg and Gall theory, and related studies in the feasibility assessment commonly used by a team of experts and technical consultants and government standards.The feasibility assessment is strongly influenced by 43.24% of technical and non-technical aspects, the relationship between hydraulics and economic aspects ranges 32.43%, and the influence of social and environmental aspects by 24.32%

The Development of Image Media Based on Problem Based Learning to Grow Communication Skills on Second Grade of Elementary School

The purpose of this research and development is to develop and describe the feasibility and effectiveness of developing image media based on Problem Based Learning products to improve student learning communication. This type of research and development refers to Borg and Gall theory. The sample was determined by purposive sampling of 16 students of second-grade at Darma Bangsa Elementary School. Data were collected through observation sheets, questionnaires, and test questions. The data analysis technique used the n-Gain test to determine the effectiveness of the results obtained, namely 0.488. The results of the validation of image media based on Problem Based Learning are done by material, design and media experts. The results showed that, product development based on Problem Based Learning that is produced effectively is used in the learning process for second-grade students. This is evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes and student communication skills after using Problem Based Learning based on image media. Keywords: image media, Communication Skills, Problem Based Learning DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-3-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN PAI DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA SMA

The purpose of this study is to develop a PAI learning kit by using the development of the Borg And Gall theory which consists of 10 stages. Data obtained through instruments in the form of observation sheets, interview guides and questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively. Based on a valid judgment decision that the learning tool is declared valid and effective. Proven to increase activity learning and be able to increase students' creative power. The learning tools that have been developed in this study can be used by PAI teachers and can be used as motivation to always develop professional competence, especially in the learning process.

The Development of Student Worksheets Based on Discovery Learning Subtema Utilizing Natural Wealth in Indonesia in Fourth Grade Elementary Schools

The purpose of this study is to develop and describe the appropriateness, attractiveness, and effectiveness of developing student worksheets based on discovery learning on the sub-theme of utilizing natural resources in Indonesia in fourth-grade elementary schools. This type of research is research and development refers to Borg and Gall theory. The study population was fourth-grade students in the Elementary School in Way Halim District, and the sample was determined by a purposive sampling of 92 students. Data were collected through observation sheets, questionnaires, and test questions. The data analysis technique used the n-Gain test to determine effectiveness. The results showed that the discovery learning-based development product that was produced was effectively used in the learning process for fourth-grade students on the subtheme of natural resource utilization in Indonesia's fourth grade Elementary School. This is proved by the increase in student learning outcomes after using worksheets based on discovery learning. Keywords : Worksheets, Discovery Learning, learning outcomes . DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-35-14 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS WEB UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL TERPADU

This research is aimed to produce web module that titled hasnenians web module designed in social science study, review the final web module’s profile, and to know how effective this web module for increase student’s final score in SMP Negeri 1 Sanggau. This research and development consists to Borg and Gall theory, and for design of instructional system take an ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) Instructional Development Model. There are the steps of the web module that combined the syntax of R & D model and ADDIE model, they are; pre research Steps that consist of research and information collecting, develop steps that consist of develop preliminary form of product, expert validation and revise, one to one trial, small group trial, field trial and final product revisi, and then Implementation steps, and the final product of web module can run out in the classroom as one of learning source to help the students to understand about social science. The web module can access by online for everyone anywhere and anytime. The result of this research showed that hasnenians web module have given a lot in learning process that proved by the effect size score and also from pretest and posttest’s score.

ARABIC MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT DESIGN FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The aims of the research were to develop Arabic learning material model for the senior high school level which was able to become a standard textbook in Arabic learning for high school. It was a realization of the National Language Politics policy that stated, Arabic as a language of religion and culture is taught from elementary school to university level. The research used to research and development (R & D) approach that refers to Borg and Gall theory. There are 10 steps in the development research cycle. However, it was given the small-scale research, which developed materials and media Arabic learning in Jakarta area, this research did at the stage of getting the final product, namely the prototype of Arabic learning material developed. The research was begun through survey research to obtain an empirical sequence of Arabic learning as a basis to support rational empirical strategies in the development design of Arabic learning materials in high school. This research produced Arabic learning textbooks of class X to class XII at the High School level which are equipped with media.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY IN NATURAL SCIENCES LEARNING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TO OPTIMIZE THE STUDENTS� LEARNING RESULT

In this research, the researcher developed new innovation in natural sciences learning of elementary school by implementing augmented reality technology. The method that used in this research was research and development method based on Borg and Gall theory which consists of ten stages: 1) research and information collecting, 2) planning, 3) develop preliminary form of product, 4) preliminary field testing, 5) main product revision, 6) main field testing, 7) operational product revision, 8) operational field testing, 9) final product revision, 10) dissemination and implementation. The result of this research is learning media of natural sciences learning in elementary school by utilizing augmented reality technology. Based on the implementation of experiment, it is obtained the data that learning process using augmented reality which is developed can optimize the students learning result.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2019.030101

The Development of Integrative Thematic Learning Tools Based on Problem Based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking of Students in Fourth Grade in Elementary School

The purpose of this research and development is to develop and describe the feasibility and effectiveness of developing integrative thematic learning tools based on Problem Based Learning in improving students' critical thinking. This type of research is research and development that refers to Borg and Gall theory. The population of this study was the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in Argomulyo Village, Banjit District, and the sample was determined by a purposive sampling of 27 students. Data were collected through observation sheets, questionnaires, and test questions. The test instrument that used able to fulfills validity and reliability, taking into account the level of difficulty, and the different power of the questions. The data analysis technique used is the n-Gain test to determine its effectiveness. The results of validating thematic learning tools based on Problem Based Learning are done by curriculum experts and learning experts. The results showed that the product development of integrated thematic learning tools based on Problem Based Learning produced is effective for use in the learning process for fourth-grade students. This is proved by the increase in student learning outcomes and students' critical thinking skills after using an integrative thematic learning tool based on Problem Based Learning. Keywords: Learning Tools, Integrative Thematic, Problem Based Learning, Critical Thinking. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-30-04 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Development of Inquiry Model Worksheet for 4th Grader Elementary School Students

This study aims to develop student worksheets, and to know the effectiveness of thematic based LKS through Inquiry model for fourth grade students of Elementary School I Pinang Jaya. This type of research is research and development (R & D) which refers to Borg & Gall's theory. The population of this research were all fourth grade students of SDN Kemiling Cluster 1 and the samples were 54 students obtained by multistage random samplin technique. Data collection techniques use learning and observation tests. Data analysis technique is done through quantitative analysis for product development that is effectiveness test used N-gain and t test. The results of this study indicate that the developed LKS feasible to be used and effective through experts from material experts and media experts in improving student learning outcomes.