Gall Development Research Articles

Pengembangan Strategi Bersaing untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Sekolah Menengah Pertama

The background of this study is the decreasing number of students and classes in one junior high school. This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the school by developing suitable competitive strategies to improve the school quality and the number of students and classes. This research is qualitative research using the research and development (R & D) method with the Borg and Gall development model which is limited to the seventh step. The study was conducted in a junior high school. The subjects of the study were school principal, teachers, staff, and school observers. Data was collected by interview, documentation studies, questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) techniques. Data was analyzed with a qualitative descriptive analysis using Miles and Huberman model. Activities in data analysis included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The result of the study show that the school is in quadrant II which indicates that the condition of the school is quite stable, but it faces many obstacles, therefore it is necessary to carry out a diversification strategy. The proposed diversification strategy includes curriculum diversification and service expansion and continuous improvement efforts.

Development of SMART E-Encyclopedia Based on Lepidoptera Diversity in Ndodang Forest as Biology Learning Resource

This study aims to develop a practical and user-friendly SMART E-Encyclopedia of Lepidoptera diversity as a biology learning resource for Class X Students. This research was a Research and Development (R&D) research using the Borg and Gall development model. This research was only carried out for eight stages with the following steps: (a) potential problem, (b). data collection, (c) designing the template on Canva, (d) preparing the draft, (e) uploading the product on the flipbook, (f) validation, (g) revision according to the suggestion of the validator, and (h) uploading the revised product to the flipbook platform. Lepidoptera diversity was identified from March to May 2023 in Ndodang Forest, Widodaren Village, Gerih Sub-district, Ngawi Regency. The development of the SMART E-encyclopedia was conducted from May to August 2023. SMART E-Encyclopedia was subjected to validation by the material expert, media expert, and Class X biology teacher to obtain a score of 70%, 93%, and 80%, respectively. Based on the scores, the product had an average percentage of 81% and was feasible for use as a biology learning resource for Class X students. The advantages of this e-encyclopedia are (1). Explanation of broader material. (2). This E-Encyclopedia was equipped with video and many application features to make it easier for users.

Pengembangan Modul Bimbingan Karir Teori Anne Roe Terhadap Perencanaan Karir Siswa

A module is a set of subject matter that is arranged systematically and sequentially to make it easier for students to achieve appropriate competencies accompanied by guidelines for use. The existence of modules can be utilized by BK teachers to carry out services in schools such as career guidance for student career planning. This research aims to create a module design regarding Anne Roe's career planning theory in order to produce a module that is suitable for use by class VIII students at SMPN 03 Tanggul. This research uses R&D (Research and Development) development research using the Borg and Gall development model which includes 6 of 10 stages, namely: Research and information collecting, Planning, Develop preliminaryform of product, Preliminary field testing, Main product revision, Research subjects include: Expert Test 1 tests the suitability of the material for the product, Expert Test 2 tests the suitability of the product for BK services. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. There is a questionnaire used or called a validation sheet which is used by expert tests. The results of this research assessment include: expert test 1 obtained a percentage score of 73% with good criteria and stated that the module, while expert test 2 obtained a percentage score of 91% with very good criteria. The results of small group test calculations consisting of 6 class VIII students at SMPN 03 Tanggul showed that the practicality percentage value of the module developed was 72%, which was declared "Practical" and met the practicality criteria
 Keywords: Module, Anne Roe theory, Career planning

Development of tutorial video media of silent meditation technique to reduce students’ symptoms stress in learning at UPT SMPN 9 binamu

The purpose of this study was to find out (1) An overview of the needs for developing video tutorial media for silent meditation techniques to reduce student learning stress at UPT SMPN 9 Binamu, (2) Prototype video tutorial media for silent meditation techniques to reduce student learning stress at UPT SMPN 9 Binamu, (3) Validity and practicality of video tutorial media for silent meditation techniques to reduce student learning stress at UPT SMPN 9 Binamu. This research uses the Research and Development (RnD) method with the Borg and Gall development model modified by the researcher. The subjects of this study were subjects in the needs analysis 24 students, subjects in the validity test 2 expert and subjects in the practicality test 10 students. The types of data collection instruments used are needs analysis data, validity data, and practicality data. The data analysis techniques used are needs questionnaire analysis, validity questionnaire analysis, and practicality questionnaire analysis. The results showed that the video tutorial media for silent meditation techniques and guidebooks developed were valid and practical for use in providing guidance and counseling services at UPT SMPN 9 Binamu, based on the acceptability test which includes usefulness, feasibility and accuracy.

The development of an android-based SDQ application as an instrument to detect students’ psychological and behavioral problems

This study aims to determine the description of needs, produce a prototype, examine the validity, reliability, and practicality of an Android-based SDQ application as an instrument to detect students’ psychological and behavioral problems. This is an R&D study utilizing the Borg and Gall development model. Data was collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that: 1) the development of an Android-based SDQ application to detect students’ psychological and behavioral problems is strongly needed by both school counselors and students; 2) the Android-based SDQ application prototype features menu items, school counselor profile, student profile, information on the objectives and advantages of SDQ, filling out SDQ, SDQ results, an application guidebook, SDQ statistical results, and an application management administrator; and 3) the Android-based SDQ application developed has been found to have high levels of validity, reliability, and practicality. Therefore, the Android-based SDQ application is considered a valid and reliable tool to detect students’ psychological and behavioral problems.

The Development of Science E-modules in Junior High Schools Integrated with Al-Qur'an Verses and Assisted by Virtual Simulations on the Subject of Vibration, Waves and Sound

This research aims to produce junior high school science teaching materials in the form of e-modules that are integrated with verses from Al-Qur’an and assisted by virtual simulations on the subject of vibrations, waves and sound. The research method used is development research (R D) which is adapted from the Borg and Gall development model. The stages of development research carried out are research and information collecting, planning, developing preliminary product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires given to students, material experts, teaching materials experts, science-Al Qur’an integration experts and science teachers to determine student responses, validity and practicality of the products being developed. The research results showed that the validity score of material experts was 89.25% in the very valid category, science-AlQur’an integration experts were 71% in the valid category, and teaching materials experts were 72.62% in the valid category. So overall the average validity of the products developed is 77.63% in the very valid category. The practicality test results obtained a score of 94.27% in the very practical category and student responses were 97.67% in the very good category. So it can be concluded that the integrated junior high school science e-module with Al-Quran verses assisted by virtual simulations on vibration, wave and sound material that was developed obtained very valid and very practical results and received a very good response from students.Keywords: Teaching Materials, E-Module, Integrated Al-Qur'an Verses, Virtual Simulation, Vibration, Waves and Sound

LIKARI (Five Words in A Day) Application to Improve Vocabulary Mastery in Japanese Language Learning

Students experience several obstacles in understanding and mastering Japanese vocabulary. Students need to have appropriate and exciting strategies for learning vocabulary. Therefore, this research aims to develop interactive learning media using an Android-based application called "Likari." This application has a specific goal of using a method of mastering five Japanese vocabulary words in a day. This research uses Research and Development (R&D) research using the Borg & Gall development model. Data collection methods use observation, questionnaires, and tests. Field trials were conducted on a small scale on 34 class XI students. The experts involved in this research were 2 material experts and 2 media experts. The techniques used to analyze data are qualitative descriptive analysis, quantitative, and inferential statistics. Research shows that the "Likari" application is suitable or valid for school learning. The research results show that media experts assessed the implementation at 92%, and material experts rated it at 87%. The application is also included in the convenient category with a score percentage of 92%. Using the "Likari" application effectively improves students' mastery skills in learning Japanese, where the N gain score is 73.76%.

Pengembangan Panduan Digital Wisata Halal Berbahasa Arab Berbasis Budaya Indonesia: Menyelami Kebutuhan Wisatawan Muslim

This study aims to analyze the need for a digital guide to halal tourism in Arabic language based on Indonesian culture in Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Lombok Barat, and Gorontalo. The primary objectives are to provide practical and quick information about halal tourism, enhance domestic and international visits, and promote the unique cultural heritage of these three regions. The research adopts the Borg and Gall development model. The identification of the guide's needs utilizes data from documentation and questionnaires filled out by tourists, hotel managers, village administrators, tourism department officials, and travel companies. The study concludes that a digital Arabic-language halal tourism guide needs to be developed in terms of content (halal facilities, recreational activities, types of tourism), culture (information on local culture and permissible practices), and technology (application-based design for convenient access to tourism information).

A Note on Leaf Gall on Alstonia scholaris (Saptaparni) tree due to Infestation of Pauropsylla tuberculata (Gall Insect)

Alstonia scholaris is a perennial evergreen tree of family Apocynaceae and one of the graceful ornamental and medicinal plants. In general, this tree suffers the problem, that is, gall formation on a leaf. Most probably, it is caused by leaf gall insects (Pauropsylla tuberculata) belonging to order Hemiptera and is commonly known as jumping lice. The insect has five nymphal stages and forms the gall by sucking the plant sap. It lacks the pupal stage. Such a heavy attack by this insect affects the rate of photosynthesis and overall growth of plants. This brief note focuses on the development and formation of galls by Pauropsylla tuberculata and different nymphal stages of it on A. scholaris leaves.. KEYWORDS :Alstonia scholaris, Hemiptera, Leaf Gall Insects, Pauropsylla tuberculate

Endophytic Development of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Reduced the Development of Galls and Adult Emergence of Leptocybe invasa in Susceptible Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus cultivation in arid regions is limited by the losses caused by the galling wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); it oviposits below the epidermis of the central veins, mainly on seedlings in nurseries and/or young plants in the field, causing galls where the insects develop. Galls modify the normal circulation of sap in vascular tissues, ultimately affecting the development of infested plants and resulting in slower growth. Eucalyptus genotypes tolerant to water stress are susceptible to L. invasa, and this pest has no effective control methods. Here, we aimed to (i) determine the initial infestation dynamics of L. invasa in Eucalyptus plants inoculated with Beauveria bassiana and (ii) identify any change in the development of galls. B. bassiana-inoculated seedlings were infested with L. invasa. Susceptible plants were unaffected, and gall development was negatively affected at multiple stages. A fungal solution containing B. bassiana reduced gall development and the emergence of L. invasa adults in eucalyptus plants at considerable rates. The total number of adult emergence holes was 89.74% fewer for inoculated plants when compared to uninoculated plants. These results can help develop B. bassiana products to control L. invasa in susceptible eucalyptus plants for improved, sustainable forestry.

The development of kobatar learning media for learning mathematics in elementary school

The objective of this study is to develop Kobatar learning media and assess the viability of the products derived from the creation of Kobatar learning media for teaching mathematics in third-grade elementary classes. This research falls under the category of research and development (R&D). The development process adheres to the Borg and Gall development procedure theory, encompassing seven distinct steps. The findings of this investigation indicate that the product meets the stipulated eligibility criteria. Practicality is evidenced by material expert validation yielding a final percentage of 92.59%, followed by media expert validation with a final percentage of 95.62%. Additionally, the practicality of the response questionnaire from three students resulted in a final percentage of 95.13%. All these percentages align with the eligibility criteria, categorizing the product as "Very Eligible." In conclusion, Kobatar learning media in third-grade elementary school demonstrates its potential as a versatile tool for learning mathematics in this educational setting.

Development of Center Learning Model for Children's Metacognitive Stimulation in Kindergarten

The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the center learning model that can stimulate metacognitive abilities in children. The problems discussed are related to obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the requirements of the prototype model in the form of a center learning model that can stimulate children's metacognitive abilities that are valid, practical and effective. This research is a research and development that uses the Borg and Gall development model. The subject of the research relates to students aged 5-6 years in kindergarten. The results of research and development show that the development of a center-based learning model to stimulate children's metacognitive skills is needed. This is because the average level of understanding of teachers is still lacking, resulting in low achievement of children. Therefore, a systematic center-based learning model syntax is needed, which integrates the science process approach to foster curiosity and creative thinking, as well as the 5E continuum approach to improve children's problem solving skills at each stage of play. The overall validity of the model consisting of model books, guidebooks, and research instruments obtained an average validity score that fell into the valid category, indicating feasibility for use. The level of practicality in trials 1 and 2 was successfully implemented, as evidenced by the teacher's response which showed practicality and student activity which was classified as active during the stimulation process. This model has been declared effective because it is proven those children’s metacognitive achievement increases significantly when the center learning model is applied.

Interactive Multimedia Based on Android Applications: Development of Learning Media for Non-Formal Schools

Learning media encourages learning. Limitations of learning media in Buddhist education in Sunday schools give impetus to researchers to develop multimedia to develop appropriate media. This research aims to build Android application-based learning media on the material of puja facilities and infrastructure in Buddhism. A Multimedia set is expected to be able to provide good results in learning. This approach uses research and development methods to develop Android-based Multimedia as a learning medium for Buddhist Sunday Schools in Pesawaran Regency. The study population was 144, with a sample of 21 learners. The development flow refers to the Bord and Gall development steps. The data analysis technique used is descriptive percentages to determine the questionnaire's validity and reliability and evaluate the product's effectiveness—assessment of product trials tested to media experts, material experts, and teacher and student users. The results showed that Android-based Multimedia had passed validation and operational tests with reasonable criteria, and the effects of field tests showed a significant difference between the average scores before and after using the application. Therefore, the application developed can be an effective learning medium for Buddhist Sunday Schools.

The Development of E-Puzzle Learning Media on the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika Topic in Shaping the Profile of Pancasila Students in Grade X of MAN 1 Banyumas

This study aims to develop e-puzzle learning media for the "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" topic and to assess the feasibility of using this e-puzzle learning media to shape the profile of Pancasila students in grade X at MAN 1 Banyumas. The research method used in this study is Research and Development (RnD) with the Borg and Gall development model. The sample consists of class X-13. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires, pretests, and post-tests. Data analysis includes validation analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis of the media. Based on the research, the development of e-puzzle learning media for the "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" topic to shape the profile of Pancasila students is deemed suitable for use as a learning media. This is demonstrated by increased knowledge acquisition, with an average pretest score of 62.2% and an average post-test score of 88.4%. The validity and practicality test results have an overall average of 83.81%, indicating a highly feasible category. The effectiveness test also yielded a 100% learning achievement rate, categorized as highly effective. The calculation of N-gain indicates an increase in learning outcomes, with a score of 0.70, categorized as high.

Development of Wordwall-Based Assessment Instruments to Measure Higher Order Thinking Skills Science Material Temperature, Heat, and Expansion

The application of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in evaluation aims to improve the quality of students' thinking, especially about the process of solving a problem. This study aims to develop a wordwall-based assessment instrument to measure HOTS. This study methods used the Borg and Gall development model with 8 stages covering, looking for potential and formulating problems, information gathering, product design, product design validation, design revision, small group trials, product revisions, field trials. Respondents who took the test were divided into 2, namely 25 students for small group trials and all of class VII SMPN 2 Maesan, Bondowoso for field trials. The questionnaires used in this study were interview questionnaires, validation questionnaires and tests to find out students' HOTS. The results showed that the validity of the assessment instrument was 80.99% with a valid category along with the items, and the reliability of the assessment instrument was 0.770. The analysis of the discriminating power of the items produced 3 items in the very good category, 10 items in the good category, 4 items in the sufficient category, and 3 items in the poor category. Then the difficulty level analysis produces 5 questions in the too easy category, 12 questions in the medium category, and 3 questions in the too difficult category. Based on the results of the research, the assessment instrument developed was stated to be valid and suitable for use for subsequent learning evaluations even though there were minor revisions

Design of Augmented Reality (AR) Learning Media in Ecosystem Meteri in Elementary School Inclusion Classroom

One of the multimedia technologies that is increasingly popular today is Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The current phenomenon is that inclusive schools still do not have learning media that accommodate children with special needs to be able to develop in accordance with the planned learning objectives. This research tries to develop a media that involves verbal elements represented by reading texts and nonverbal media in the form of three-dimensional projections simultaneously by utilizing AR technology in inclusive classes. The stages of the research conducted refer to the Bord and Gall development model. Development research is divided into several levels of research, while the level of this research is at level 1. Where at level 1 the research stages of the research are carried out to carry out development without testing the product. This research produces Augmented reality-based learning media design in ecosystem material on the food chain sub-chain in grade V elementary school. Learning media design is carried out based on the stages of exploring potential problems of making deian based on the results of the literature review and the validation process by experts. The conclusion is that augmented relaity learning media can visualize abstract concepts for understanding and the structure of an object model allows Augmented relaity as a more effective media in accordance with the objectives of the learning media

PENGEMBANGAN EVALUASI BERBASIS DIGITAL MELALUI WEB WORDWALL PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to determine the feasibility and response of students to evaluation of digital-based learning via web wordwall for class V students. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) based on the Borg and Gall development design which has been modified into six stages, namely : analysis of potential and problems; data collection; product design; design validation; design revision; and test use. Based on the results of the analysis, media experts gave an average score of 84%, material experts gave an average score of 86% and language experts gave an average score of 81%. The average score obtained by all experts was 83.83% when interpreted as falling within the very appropriate criteria. Furthermore, supported by the calculation of the response questionnaire, students who carried out the evaluation obtained 96% results in the very good category. Thus, it can be concluded that the digital-based learning evaluation development product via the wordwall web is very feasible and very good to use as an evaluation tool in assisting the learning activities of fifth grade elementary school students.

Pollinator sharing and hybridization in a pair of dioecious figs sheds light on the pathways to speciation.

The dynamics and processes underlying the codiversification of plant-pollinator interactions are of great interest to researchers of biodiversity and evolution. Cospeciation is generally considered a key process driving the diversity of figs and their pollinating wasps. Groups of closely related figs pollinated by separate wasps occur frequently and represent excellent opportunities to study ongoing diversification in this textbook mutualism. We study two closely related sympatric dioecious figs (Ficus heterostyla and Ficus squamosa) in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, and aim to document what is likely to be the final stages of speciation between these species using a combination of trait data and experimental manipulation. Volatile profiles at the receptive phase, crucial for attracting pollinators, were analyzed. In total, 37 and 29 volatile compounds were identified from receptive F. heterostyla and F. squamosa figs, respectively. Despite significant interspecific dissimilarity, 25 compounds were shared. Ovipositor lengths lie well within range required for access to heterospecific ovules, facilitating hybridization. Cross introduction of wasps into figs was conducted and hybrid seeds were generated for all donor/recipient combinations. F. heterostyla wasps produce adult offspring in F. squamosa figs. While F. squamosa wasps induce gall development in F. heterostyla figs and their offspring fail to mature in synchrony with their novel host. We record limited geographic barriers, minimal volatile dissimilarity, compatible morphology, complementary reproductive phenologies, and the production of hybrid seeds and wasp offspring. These findings suggest ongoing wasp specialization and reproductive isolation, potentially applicable to other related fig species.

Development of Coaching Methods Through Instilling Islamic Values in Students at Tambakreja 07 Public Elementary School, South Cilacap District, Cilacap Regency

This study aims to (1) describe the initial conditions of the behavior process of students at SD Negeri Tambakreja 07 Cilacap Selatan; (2) to develop a coaching method based on Islamic values at SD Negeri Tambakreja 07 Cilacap Selatan; (3) to know the teacher's response to the implementation of the coaching method at SD Negeri Tambakreja 07 Cilacap Selatan; (4) to know students' responses to the implementation of coaching at SD Negeri Tambakreja 07 Cilacap Selatan. The type of research used in this study is the Research and Development (R&D) model of the Borg & Gall development. The product developed in this study is a coaching method by instilling Islamic values. After being developed, learning tools are tested for their effectiveness in improving character education. This research took place at SD Negeri Tambakreja 07, Cilacap Selatan District. The results showed that the coaching model development model for instilling Islamic values was in good category in the main field trials. After revising the model when the learning tools were applied, the results were in very good category in operational field trials. In addition, Islamic values are also included in the very good category in the experimental class. The coaching process encourages students to have Islamic values that are very relevant to current conditions. The development of a coaching model for inculcating Islamic values is suitable for application in SD Negeri Tambakreja 07.

SOME BIOTIC LIMITING FACTORS OF DRYOCOSMUS KURIPHILUS (HYMENOPTERA CYNIPIDAE): A SURVEY IN CHESTNUT ORCHARDS NEAR FLORENCE (ITALY)

The biological control of the Asian Chinese gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus, is influenced by several factors. In 2013, a survey was carried out in three chestnut orchards near Florence (Italy) to investigate ACGW parasitization by native parasitoids and the introduced Torymus sinensis. The following two methods were adopted: the first based on the dissection of cynipid galls with the aim of inspecting cells within each gall and the second based on monitoring adult emergence from galls. Parasitization patterns due to gall position related to plant height were also evaluated. Native parasitoids were more abundant in the upper part of tree crowns in June, while in July and August their activity was more evident in the middle and lower parts of chestnut trees. Conversely, parasitization of T. sinensis, was detected at all plant heights. Plant position within stands also affected the performance of both native parasitoids and T. sinensis, with parasitization that progressively decreasead moving toward the interior of the orchards. Gall necrosis was equally evaluated as a limiting factor of ACGW survival. Among the isolated fungal species, Gnomoniopsis castaneae (Tamietti), an endophyte fungus harmful to fruits, colonized both healthy and necrotic galls together with ubiquitous components of fungal communities such as Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Colletotrichum fioriniae. Our results evidenced that T. sinensis was able control the ACGW, while native parasitoids played only a secondary, though non-negligible, role. Conversely, gall necroses had a minor impact on pest control, as their efficacy was limited to the early stages of gall development. Key words: biodiversity, gall-inducing insects, native parasitoids, fungal species