Galeoides Decadactylus Research Articles

Acanthocercodes n. g. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) for species parasitising threadfins (Perciformes: Polynemidae), with description of Acanthocercodes bullardi n. sp. from the Atlantic threadfin Polydactylus octonemus (Girard) and reassignment of three species of Diplectanum Monticelli, 1903 from the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

Acanthocercodes n. g. (Diplectanidae) is proposed for Acanthocercodes bullardi n. sp. and three previously described species of Diplectanum all parasites of the gill lamellae of threadfins (Perciformes: Polynemidae). The new genus is characterised by species having peduncular spines composed of an anteriorly directed point and a flattened base from which an anterior root arises. Members of the genus lack auxiliary spinous or sucker-like structures in the haptor. Acanthocercodes bullardi n. sp. is described from the Atlantic threadfin, Polydactylus octonemus (Girard), in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, USA. Diplectanum polynemus Tripathi, 1957 is redescribed and transferred to Acanthocercodes as A. polynemus (Tripathi, 1957) n. comb. based on specimens collected from the fourfinger threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw), from the mouth of the River Adelaide, Northern Territory, Australia. Diplectanum spinosum (Maillard & Vala, 1980) (=Pseudodiplectanum spinosum Maillard & Vala, 1980) and Diplectanum megacirrus (Maillard & Vala, 1980) (=Pseudodiplectanum megacirrus Maillard & Vala, 1980) from the lesser African threadfin, Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch), are transferred to Acanthocercodes as A. spinosum (Maillard & Vala, 1980) n. comb. and A. megacirrus (Maillard & Vala, 1980) n. comb., respectively.

Evaluation of the Microbiological and Nutritional Quality of Fermented-Dried Lesser African Threadfin (<i>Galeoides decadactylus</i>) Used as Food Supplement in Southern Benin

Lesser African threadfin (Galeoides decadactylus) is a nutritious marine fish, popular and widely used for drying-fermentation. The present work aims to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological quality of dried-fermented Lesser African Threadfin, currently used in food preparing in southern Benin. Four major sites of drying-fermentation fishes in southern Benin were investigated and dried-fermented Lesser African Threadfin was collected for quality control. Results indicated that the dried-fermented fishes were good sources of nutriments with a moisture content ranging from 44.62% ± 0.68% to 55.33% ± 0.23%. Proteins contents are ranged from 15.26% ± 0.32% to 22.95% ± 0.71%. All samples analyzed were rich in minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, iron, with a higher content of calcium (1.23% ± 0.52% - 1.69% ± 0.38%). Statistical analyses showed significant difference (p 0.05) between samples analyzed. Microbiological analyses revealed that the total flora count of samples ranged from 1.4 × 102 to 8.0 × 104 ufc/g. The enumeration of total coliforms and fecal coliforms indicated that samples were contaminated with enteric bacteria. The spores of anaerobic sulfite reducer’s and Staphylococcus aureus counts were less than 10 cfu/g with an absence of Salmonella spp. Based on results from the present study, microbiological standards must be put in place during the process of dried-fermented fishes. Then, it’s advisable that relevant quality control unit should be reactivated to assess the quality of ready-to-eat food, and particularly the fermented fishes in other to protect consumer’s health.

English

The aim of the current study was to determine proximate composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture), energy and microbiological spoilage in five fish species. The chemical analysis revealed that the protein content of Pseudotolithus typus was 19.19%,Pomadasys peroteti 16.05%, Galeoides decadactylus 17.15%, Carassius auratus20.78% and Pimelodus grosskopfii 18.57% of the fresh weight, respectively. The lipid content, the ash, and carbohydrate ranged from 0.46 to 1.76, 1.01 to 1.40 and 0.20 to 0.49% of the fresh weight correspondingly. Microbiological analysis showed that the Total Viable Count (TVC) varied between 5.20 and 8.42 LogUFC/g. The results obtained on TVC were not within the acceptable limits set by the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. Staphylococcus sp. bacteria were observed in all five species and fecal coliforms in Carassius auratus and Pimelodus grosskopfii only.The bacteria isolated on each of the five fish species included Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus xylosus, Enterobacter agglomerans and one unidentified species.However, fungi were not found in these five samples. Key words: Franceville, Gabon, proximate composition, microbiological quality, fish species.

Trends in Trace Metal Burdens in Sediment, Fish Species and Filtered Water of Igbede River, Lagos, Nigeria

Trends in trace metal burdens in surface sediment, fish species (Galeoides decadactylus) and filtered water of Igbede river, Lagos were assessed weekly in November, 2003. Levels of selected metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn and Fe) were determined in the acid digests of the samples and the result showed that sediment retained more than 70% of the trace metals while the metal levels were more in the biota than the filtered water samples. Comparative statistical analyses of the mean levels also revealed that the distribution of the metals in the samples investigated followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd for sediment; Fe > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr for Galeoides decadactylus and Fe > Cr > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd > Zn for filtered water, respectively. Metal levels varied from sample to sample. Cr was not detected in the fish species neither was Zn detected in the filtered water samples. The results, however, fell within tolerable limits stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO).

Assessment of fish by-catch species from coastal artisanal shrimp beam trawl fisheries in Nigeria

Abstract An observer programme that incorporated both fisheries-dependent and -independent surveys with fishers, was conducted to identify and quantify by-catch species from artisanal and nearshore shrimp beam trawl fisheries off Lagos, Nigeria. Catches were sampled from 62 replicate landings by five boats from January to December 2002. Twenty-five species belonging to 20 families of fish targeted in other inshore/offshore commercial fisheries constituted the by-catch species. Target shrimps Nematopalaemon hastatus (0.5–1.5 cm CL) are smaller in size than important commercial species (4–30 cm TL), which occur as juveniles on their nursery grounds. The percent of weight compositions of commercial by-catch species are: Pseudotolithus elongatus (19.89%), P. senegalensis (13.69%), Ilisha africana (8.85%), Pentanemus quinquarius (4.95%), Callinectes amnicola (3.27%), Pseudotolithus typus (2.75%), Galeoides decadactylus (2.26%), Cynoglossus senegalensis (1.43%) and Chloroscombrus chysurus (1.05%). By-catch species having total length of 11–30 cm are marketable and consumed, while a length range of 4–10 cm, which constitute 75%, is discarded ashore, thus resulting in high biodiversity loss. A t-test comparison of by-catch species weight, with weight of target shrimps was significant (P

A poorly known polynemid fish, Polynemus astrolabi Sauvage, 1881, a junior synonym of Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795)

A poorly known polynemid fish, Polynemus astrolabi Sauvage, 1881, was originally described on the basis of a single specimen. Examination of the holotype of P. astrolabi showed it to correspond closely with the holotype and other specimens of Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795), a species endemic to the west coast of Africa. A redescription of the former is given here and its status as a junior synonym of G. decadactylus is confirmed. Furthermore, a lateral line squamation character and the supraneural bone number are described as newly recognized disgnostic characters for the species. It is also found that the number of gill rakers of the species tended to decrease with overall fish growth.

Studies of coccidian parasites of fish from the coast of Senegal (West Africa): new species of the genus Goussia (Apicomplexa, Eucoccidiida, Calyptosporidae)

Six new species of coccidian parasites of fish are described from the coast of Senegal: Goussia dakarensis sp.n. from Brachydeuterus auritus, Pomadasys peroteti and Galeoides decadactylus; Goussia decapteri sp.n. from Decapterus rhonchus; Goussia exoceti sp.n. from Hirundichthys affinis; Goussia emissolei sp.n. and Goussia soumbediounensis sp.n. from Leptocharias smithii; and Goussia trachinoti sp.n. from Trachinotus ovatus. Goussia clupearum (Thélohan, 1894) was found in eight new host species and G. senegalensis Faye, 1988 in one new host species.

Galeoides Decadactylus: A bio‐indicator for chlorina’ hydrocarbons in the Nigerian marine environment

Abstract Twenty five samples of the fish species Galeoides Decadactvlus were analysed for their levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The concentration ranges were, HCB (0.40–10.20 ppb), Lindane (0.19–4.10ppb), Heptachlor (2.71–28.60ppb), DDT (2.27–19.21ppb) and PCB (118–276ppb). Correlation studies showed positive and significant regression coefficient of combination of fish weight (FW), fish length (FL) and fish fat (FF) with concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbon. The correlation coefficient were in all cases greater than 0.90 and are as follows: FW/FL (0.97), FW/FF (0.98), FL/FF (0.96), FW/HCB (0.98), FW/LIN (0.92), FW/HEP(0.92), FW/DDT (0.99), FW/PCB (0.97). As a result of the highly significant correlations between fish weight, fish length, fish fat and residue concentration, the fish species Galeoides Decadactylus can therefore serve as bio‐indicator for chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Nigerian marine environment.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine fish and shellfish of Nigeria

The concentration ranges of chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine fish were HCB (0.03–9.5 ppb), Lindane (0.02–5.3 ppb), Endosulphan (0.21–4.9 ppb), DDT (0.50–18.6 ppb), Aldrin (0.05–54.6 ppb) and PCB (4.78–225 ppb). Fish contained higher concentrations of Aldrin, Heptachlor, HCB and Lindane than shellfish, while a reverse trend was observed for DDT and PCBs. The concentrations of residues obtained were found to be lower than those reported in literature for industrialized countries. Predator fish species were found to concentrate more residues in muscle tissue than plankton feeders. The DDT/PCB values were less than 1 indicating a predominance of industrial activities over agricultural activities as the source of contamination of the marine environment. The fish Galeoides decadactylus is a potential bio-indicator for chlorinated hydrocarbons pollution monitoring in the study area.

Two new species of Monogenea of the genus Pseudodiplectanum tripathi, 1955, branchial parasites of Galeoides decadactylus, a teleostean from the coasts of Gabon

Two new monogenean species have been studied: Pseudodiplectanum megacirrus n.sp. and P. spinosum n.sp., branchial parasites of Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) (Teleostei, Polynemidae) from the coasts of Gabon. P. megacirrus is characterized by the large size of its cirrus and P. spinosum has an haptoral peduncle armed with strong spines. Comparison of these species with those already described allows a more precise definition of the genus.

A contribution to the food and feeding habit of the threadfin Galeoides decadactylus

Previous literature on the biology of the threadfin Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) and the different methods of food analysis are reviewed. Against this back-ground, new results obtained on food and feeding habit are presented. All specimens sampled belong to the first 2-year classes (Longhurst, 1965). Fishes of the same length are shown to have a wide range of weight, attributable to the effect of spawning and sex change; G. decadactylus is a protandrous hermaphrodite (Longhurst, 1965). Feeding intensities and condition factors are generally high, and show a direct relationship with the size and, consequently, sex, of the fish. The comparatively low percentage of empty stomachs recorded is attributable to the rather more favourable feeding conditions existing in inshore waters where the fishes were caught. G. decadactylus feeds mainly on small seasonally alternating varieties of crustaceans and young fish. Analysis of the composition of the fish food reconciles the apparently contradictory results obtained by Monod (1927), Cadenat (1954) and Longhurst (1957, 1960). The absence of certain common demersal food items such as mud and cephalopods in the stomach of G. decadactylus leads to the conclusion that the fish is selective in its feeding habits.