Gain Scores Research Articles

Improving Performance in Physical Education Through Students’ Enrichment Activity Training (SEAT)

This study aimed to determine the Physical Activity and Students Performance of grade 11 students in Physical Education Class of Baliwasan Senior High School during the school year 2022-2023. The study employed quasi-experimental research design using pre-test and post-test in physical education during the second semester period. The participants of this study were 50 Grade 11 students of GAS A and 50 GAS B students under the GAS strand. A purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the sample of the study. The findings revealed that the performance of grade 11 students was satisfactory. The pretest for both the control and experimental group was poor. The posttest results of the control and experimental group were satisfactory. The mean gain score of the control and experimental group increased significantly. There was a significant difference in the mean gain score of the control and experimental group. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results in physical education of the control and experimental group. It is highly recommended that the senior high school teachers may use the FITT intervention program and the application of CSPAP strategy approach in teaching physical education. They may also integrate the SEAT in physical education class where the students’ performance was unified in their performance task and the teacher recorded their response and outcome through rubrics.

Assessing Students' Creative Thinking With The Implementation of Design Thinking Based Project

The focus of this study is to apply design-thinking learning to measure students' creative thinking skills in microbiology courses at universities. The type of pre-experimental research with one group pretest - posttest design. Respondents were 27 student in four semester in the biology education study program, Hamzanwadi University FMIPA. Data collection techniques using Worksheets based project with indicators for design project: problem, solution, objective, and procedure. Data analysis techniques are descriptive quantitative by calculating the gain test of creative thinking skills, the percentage of creative thinking ability categories, and the percentage of fermentation product categories. The creative thinking gain score on the components: posing problems 1.09., proposing solutions 0.88., stating objectives 1.07., and compiling work methods 1.65 with a high category. The percentage of product categories made is general 29.2%, and modification 0.8%, no new fermentation products are produce. Through design thinking, educators can adjust their teaching methods to meet the various learning styles of students, making materials more accessible and relative. By combining real-world problems and practical activities into learning, students are encouraged to think creatively when solving challenges related to microbiology, resulting in creativity in making fermentation products. Design thinking based project learning can measure students' creative thinking skills in microbiology courses, even though at the ideate stage they repeatedly prepare project designs during the learning process and at the prototype stage there is a failure in making fermented products

The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets

BackgroundWeaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.ResultsIn this study, we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score, and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-lactate (D-LA) compared to healthy piglets. Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets. Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized primarily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio, a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri, and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Functional profiling of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data was performed, and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diarrhea. Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets. Furthermore, we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), a key tryptophan metabolite, on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion in piglets. The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.

Comparison of two treatment modalities in the management of gingival enlargement during orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

This clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy, conventional gingivectomy, and nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in the management of gingival enlargement (GE) during orthodontic treatment. forty-five healthy, orthodontic patients with labial gingival enlargement on the 6 anterior teeth were selected and randomly assigned to one of the groups (Conventional, Laser, and NSPT). Clinical parameters including clinical crown length (CCL) , periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and vertical gingival overgrowth index (vGOi) were recorded at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Postoperative pain was evaluated at 1,3, and 7 days. Esthetic satisfaction and acceptance of the procedure were recorded on day 10 and repeated after 6 months. Statistically significant results were obtained for mean reduction in PPD for conventional, laser, and NSPT groups (-1.43, -.1.75, and -0.9 mm, respectively; P < 0.001), CCL gain (1.45, 1.7, and 0.38 mm, respectively; P<0.001) and mean vGOi score (-1.14, -1.29 and -0.76, respectively; P<0.001) over 6 months. Both test groups showed greater statistically significant changes in clinical parameters over 6 months compared to NSPT (P<0.001). There was a gradual decrease in postoperative pain for all three groups over 7 days, with conventional group showing statistical difference in mean pain score on days 1 and 3 compared to other groups. Both conventional and laser gingivectomies were more effective in controlling enlargement over non-surgical periodontal treatment alone at 1, 3, and 6 months. laser and conventional gingivectomies as adjunctive treatments achieved superior results when compared to NSPT alone in the treatment of GE and gingival inflammation during orthodontic treatment, with no significant clinical differences between the two treatments.

Integrating Problem-Based Learning Through Worksheet Development To Enhance Students' Critical Thinking Skills

The principle of problem based learning is to carry out investigations to find the truth by studying theories, asking experts, and also by conducting experiments depending on the problems found. Worksheet based on problem design emphasizes student activities to search for information through various sources such as environmental investigations, studies related to issues according to the content, formulating problems, comparing investigation results, proposing and considering the solutions obtained. The average value results for advisability of the product from the two validators are presentation of content 95%, discussion 85.6% and language 97.5% are very advisability category. Student responses to teaching modules was 100% of students’ students stated they were eligible. To find out of effect of worksheet based on problem, from the results of statistical tests using the paired sample t test using the SPSS 26 application, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average student scores before and after implementing the worksheet based on problem. The students' critical thinking test results obtained a gain score of 49.4 with a high category of 58.8%; 41.2% low; and 0% low. The conclusion from this development research is that there is an influence of worksheet based on problem on motion systems content in learning and increasing students' critical thinking. The presence of worksheet based on problem helps the process of training students' higher-level thinking skills

Explicit Instruction in Teaching General Mathematics and the Application of Concrete – Pictorial-Abstract Approach

This study determined the performance of grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction in teaching General Mathematics and the application of concrete – pictorial-abstract approach during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in general mathematics during the second grading period. The participants of this study were 45 Grade 11 students of ICT B and 42 students of ICT C under TVL – Strand. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. The findings revealed that Grade 11 students had very poor performance in general mathematics, but that performance improved when the teachers gave explicit instructions and employed the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach. Grade 11 students in the control and experimental groups increased their mean gain scores, which proved that explicit instructions and application of the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach were effective in teaching General Mathematics. It is highly recommended that teachers are advised to apply their learnings in teaching General Mathematics to Grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction and a concrete-pictorial-abstract approach in order to demonstrate a commitment to improving existing practices and ultimately enhancing the learning outcomes of the students.

Training of Online Assessment for Elementary School Teachers: Perception and Learning Outcomes

Online assessment has developed massively since the practice of online learning, but its practice in elementary schools has not been widely explored. The study aimed to investigate the perception of satisfaction and its influence in improving the elementary school teachers knowledge from online assessment training. This study involved 37 elementary school teachers from 5 public and private schools in Malang City and was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design. The training was carried out face-to-face and online mentoring for 32 hours. The measuring instrument used triangulation of pre-test post-test data, observation and online questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and gain score analysis using Cohen-D. The results showed a positive perception from the training participants who explained that the training could encourage and improve understanding of the urgency of teacher professional development programs. There was a significant increase in understanding based on Cohen-D test data of 1.19. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to strengthening the theory of elementary school teacher professional development programs and encouraging more massive use of technology in the learning assessment process in elementary schools.

Evaluation of a Project to Develop Learning Management Competency Using Digital Technology Among Teachers in a Bangkok School in Order to Facilitate the Learning Loss Recovery of Basic Education Level Students: Applying Kirkpatrick’s Concepts and Model

The spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) strongly affected educational management in Thailand. This gave rise to the problem of how to improve the quality of students of all ages through 100% online learning, be this in areas of knowledge, abilities, skills, and attitudes towards learning. Therefore, the Secretariat of the Education Council of Thailand studied the learning loss of basic education students during COVID-19 and recommended ways to solve the problem using the seven measures derived from the RECOVER Model. Based on this, the researchers devised a project and conducted it along with agency administrators and school administrators under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bang Khen District. Their objective was to evaluate the development of learning management competency using digital technology among teachers in a Bangkok school in order to facilitate the learning loss recovery of basic education level students. The results revealed that participants responded strongly to the overall project process and activities (Mean = 4.71, S.D. = 0.57) with the level of knowledge developed from the relative gain score at a high level (GS = 72.12) and 75.00 percent had the ability to create educational Line stickers for sale in the Sticker Shop. In addition, participants&amp;rsquo; behavior changed as a result of applying the knowledge, abilities, and skills acquired to teaching and learning in their own subjects. Consequently, the schools to which they are affiliated were able to facilitate the learning loss recovery of students extremely well through the combined participation of administrators, teachers, students, and parents.

Canva-Based Animation Comic Video Media in Informatics Learning

This study aims to develop Canva-based animated comic video learning media that are valid, practical, and effective for Informatics in Grade VIII at SMP N 14 Padang. The research adopts a Research and Development (R&amp;D) approach, applying the 4D model—Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Primary data were collected from validators, teachers, and students, with descriptive and inferential analysis used to evaluate media validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Results show the media to be valid, scoring 0.963 for media and 0.975 for material aspects. The media is also highly practical, with teacher ratings at 97.04% and student ratings at 93.14%. Effectiveness is indicated by a Gain Score of 0.69 (medium category) and a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, as confirmed by t-test results (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000; tcount &gt; ttable). The findings confirm that Canva-based animated comic videos significantly enhance student learning outcomes over conventional methods.

Vestibular Dysfunction in Euthyroid Children with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

A relationship exists between autoimmune thyroid disorders and vestibular dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze cervicalevoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and video head impulse test (vHIT) results between children with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and healthy controls to determine vestibular end-organ problems. Thirty-six children with HT and 30 healthy subjects were recruited. The main inclusion criteria for the healthy group were the presence of normal thyroid function and no clinical history of vestibular problems. Each participant (both HT and healthy groups) was assessed using audiovestibular tests, cVEMP, and vHIT. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of cVEMP (p1 and n1) latencies for both ears. There was no significant difference in cVEMP amplitudes (p1-n1 peak-to-peak) between the groups. There were statistically significant differences in the VOR gain of the right and left ears between the groups (P < .001, P < .001). When we considered lower cutoff value as 0.80 for VOR gain, 29 of 36 patients with HT (80.6%) had lower VOR gain scores. Only 1 of 30 healthy participants (3.3%) had a lower VOR gain score. This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Subclinical vestibulopathy may occur in children with HT. The vHIT seems to be a valuable tool for identifying and screening preclinical vestibular pathologies in this patient group.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Inovasi Produk Lokal Studi Kasus: Pengelolaan Buah Sawo Menjadi Bolu Kukus di Desa Kaligelang

The sapodilla fruit, as a tropical fruit rich in nutrients, holds significant economic potential in Kaligelang Village, Pemalang Regency. Despite producing high-quality fruit, the utilization of sapodilla in this village is still limited to direct sales without further processing. This study aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the members of the PKK (Family Welfare Program) in processing sapodilla into steamed cake (bolu kukus) as an innovative value-added product. A processing demonstration was conducted on September 20, 2024, with 32 participants involved. The research method utilized pre-test and post-test questionnaires, which were analyzed using N Gain Score to measure the effectiveness of the training. The results showed an average increase of 23.69 points in participants' knowledge scores, with an average N Gain Score of 0.43, categorized as moderate. The findings indicate that this program not only enhances participants' knowledge but also has the potential to strengthen the local economy through the development of sapodilla-based small and medium enterprises (UMKM).

Effects of computer-mediated collaborative writing tasks on Chinese EFL learners’ writing development: a focus on group size

ABSTRACT Despite support in previous studies for computer-mediated collaborative writing (CMCW) in L2 writing instruction, only a few studies have examined whether CMCW tasks can lead to individual writing development. Even less is known about the potential influence of group size on individual writing gains following CMCW. This study aims to investigate the effects of group size in the design of computer-mediated collaborative writing (CMCW) tasks on English as a foreign language learners’ overall writing performance, as well as on measures of writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). A pre-test - post-test quasi-experimental research design was used with 56 second-year English major students from a Chinese university. Over eight weeks, the participants completed three out-of-class CMCW tasks either in pairs (n = 28) or in groups of four (n = 28). The effects of the CMCW tasks and group size were examined using gain scores on overall writing performance and CAF from timed argumentative pre- and post-test writing tasks. The results revealed the beneficial effects of CMCW tasks on improving students’ overall writing performance, accuracy, and fluency. It also indicated that students working in groups of four significantly outperformed those working in pairs on writing accuracy. Implications for CMCW tasks in the EFL context are discussed.

Gratitude Interventions: Can They Improve Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction tends to be low among civil servants at the Sanggau Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency, indicating the need for effective psychological intervention. One form of intervention carried out is gratitude training. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of gratitude training in increasing job satisfaction for civil servants in the BKPSDM Sanggau Regency. The type of research is experimental with the design used is pretest and posttest control group design. The research was conducted on civil servants at the Sanggau Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency with 35 subjects. Data was obtained by filling in the job satisfaction scale before and after gratitude training. The data analysis technique uses the N-Gain Score. The results of the hypothesis test show that there is a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction before and after gratitude training. The average job satisfaction score before training is 119.3, while after training, it increased to 162.5. By using the difference index (N Gain Score), an increase of 70.5064% is recorded. These findings indicate that gratitude training is effective in increasing civil servant job satisfaction in BKPSDM Sanggau Regency.

CAREER INFORMATION SERVICES TO INCREASE THE STABILITY OF STUDENTS' FUTURE STUDY SELECTION

The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of career information services in enhancing the decisiveness of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Sewon in choosing further studies. The research addressed the problem of indecisiveness among students in selecting their future education. A quantitative pre-test and post-test method was used, with 10 students identified in the low and very low categories based on their initial decisiveness. The treatment consisted of career information services delivered through lectures, discussions, and slide presentations. The research process followed several stages: an initial introduction, an explanation of the service, and interactive self-awareness games. This was followed by delivering career information through PowerPoint slides, a lecture, a Q&amp;A session, and homework assignments. Finally, post-test assessments and feedback were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the services provided. The results showed significant improvement in students' decisiveness after the treatment. Pre-test scores averaged 78.3, while post-test scores increased to 112.7, with a gain score of 0.37 (moderate effectiveness, 62.6%). The Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated a statistically significant difference (Z = 2.807, p = 0.005), confirming that the intervention was effective. In conclusion, career information services were found to be an effective method for improving students' decisiveness in selecting further studies. This is consistent with previous studies, which demonstrated the role of career guidance in reducing uncertainty and supporting educational planning. The innovation of this research lies in the use of interactive and engaging media. It is recommended that career information services be expanded to help more students in their educational decisions.

The Impact of Peer Feedback on L2 Literature Review Writing: A Mixed Methods Study

Research on how peer feedback affects second language (L2) writing in higher education has been limited. This study examines the impact of peer feedback on revision and literature review writing in learners of Chinese as an L2 at a university in mainland China. The study analyzed feedback, revisions, and writing performance of 30 students. The quantitative analysis revealed that revision-oriented feedback had significantly positive effects on revision. Adopted-feedback-revision explained the gain score in the writing performance. The qualitative text analysis demonstrated that students paid unbalanced attention to the genre-specific characteristics of the literature review and the concreteness varied accordingly. Students valued peer feedback for improving comprehension, thinking skills, and audience awareness, especially when it identified issues with specific revision suggestions. This study contributes to the field by addressing how Chinese language learners benefited from peer feedback when writing literature review in higher education, which also has practical implications.

Effectiveness of Computer Application in Improving Reading Skills in Chinese Language and Towards Post-Attitudes as Home-based Learning

Background: As technology continues to advance, language acquisition methodologies have increasingly been integrated into computer-assisted language learning (CALL) systems. In the context of Chinese language acquisition, characters are structured in three phases: the overall character, its components, and its strokes. Proficiency in identifying and distinguishing individual characters hinges upon understanding their structural composition. Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of a computer application on Chinese language reading skills and students' perceptions regarding the utilization of computer applications for home-based learning. Method: A total of 60 students engaged in home-based learning using a designated computer application were involved in the study. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, the study assessed the effects of the intervention. Results and Conclusion: Following one month of home-based learning through computer applications, participants exhibited higher gain scores in reading skill tests, albeit the differences were not statistically significant. Students expressed a preference for and perceived greater ease in acquiring reading skills through computer applications compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the integration of computer applications in teaching and learning processes demonstrated the potential to enhance students' motivation, interest, and confidence in language acquisition, albeit without a notable impact on attention levels. The study underscores the pedagogical promise of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and advocates for further research endeavors in this domain.

EFFECTIVENESS OF GRATITUDE INTERVENTIONS IN SCHOOLS TO INCREASE SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A sense of school belonging that tends to be low has an impact on problematic behavior at school, so effective psychological intervention is needed. One form of intervention carried out is gratitude intervention. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of gratitude interventions in increasing the sense of school belonging of high school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of experimental research, and the design used is a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted on students of SMA Negeri 5 Soppeng with 34 students. The determination of research participants was using the purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained by filling out the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale before and after the gratitude intervention. The validity of the PSSM scale was calculated using the Aiken's V test and obtained a coefficient of 0.88, while the reliability test used Cronbach's Alfa, with a reliability coefficient value of 0.86. The data analysis technique uses the N-Gain score test. The results showed that the average score of sense of school belonging before the intervention was 40.15, while after the intervention it increased to 73.5, the results of the hypothesis test using the difference index (N Gain Score) recorded an increase of 55.9. Thus, the hypothesis in this study is accepted, which means that gratitude interventions in schools are quite effective in increasing the sense of school belonging of high school students.

Portfolio Assessment in Enhancing the Grammatical Competencies in Writing

This study determined the role of the portfolio assessment as a learner-centered assessment in enhancing learners’ grammatical competencies of students in writing during the third quarter of School Year 2023-2024. The researcher used descriptive rubrics to determine the gain scores in writing through portfolio assessment. This study utilized quantitative research design that draws statistical conclusion from quantitative data. The students' performances in writing have been described in terms of portfolio assessment highlighting the grammatical competencies of the students in terms of Lexis and Spelling, Grammar and Punctuation, Cohesion and Coherence. As a result from the statistical analysis, there is a significant difference in the mean pre-writing and post-writing test scores of the students in the portfolio-assessed reflective learning activities across all three grammatical competencies although the study concludes Grade 8 students need to further enhance their level of grammatical competence in cohesion and coherence compared to lexis and spelling and grammar and vocabulary. The merits and essentials of the findings were drawn and treated as inputs in the development of portfolio assessment in enhancing the grammatical competencies in writing. Recommendations are offered to improve strategies and techniques in instruction and in the development of this strategy will complement the goal to develop the relevant competencies of students in the field of English language learning.

Comparison of On-Campus and Off-Campus Summer Training on Strength Performance of College Football Players

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in one-repetition (1RM) strength performances during summer training in college football players who remained on-campus and those who did not. NCAA Division II players (n = 85, weight = 102.2 ± 22.8 kg) self-selected to stay on-campus for 90% of the summer (ES, n = 14), 50% of the summer (PS, n = 24), and 0% of the summer (NS, n = 47). 1RM for bench press (BP) and squat (SQ) were performed at the beginning of summer and prior to fall training camp. Each player received individualized resistance training programs throughout the summer based on pre-test maximal strength measurements. Comparison of post-training BP improvement scores indicated significantly greater gain (p&lt;0.01) for ES and PS (10.5 ± 8.5 kg and 8.0 ± 6.2 kg, respectively) than for NS (1.5 ± 5.1 kg). Post-training gain scores for SQ indicated ES (39.4 ± 30.6 kg) was significantly greater than PS (22.7 ± 18.8 kg) which was significantly greater than NS (1.7 ± 10.7 kg). Whether due to more consistent routine of training and/or greater motivation, resistance training under the supervision of a strength and conditioning specialist during the summer produced significantly greater improvements in both BP and SQ for those athletes who remained on-campus compared to those players who left campus for the entire summer.

Session context data integration to address the cold start problem in e-commerce recommender systems

Recommender systems play an important role in identifying and filtering relevant products based on the behaviours of users. Nevertheless, recommender systems suffer from the ‘cold-start’ problem, which occurs when no prior information about a new session or a user is available. Many approaches to solving the cold-start problem have been presented in the literature. However, there is still room for improving the performance of recommender systems in the cold-start stage. In this article, we present a novel method to alleviate the cold-start problem in session-based recommender systems. The purpose of this work is to develop a session similarity-based cold-start session alleviation approach for recommendation systems. The developed method uses previous sessions’ contextual and temporal features to find sessions similar to the newly started one. Our results on three different datasets show that, based on the provided Mean Average Precision and Normalised Discounted Cumulative Gain scores, the Session Similarity-based Framework consistently outperforms baseline models in terms of recommendation relevance and ranking quality across three used datasets. Our approach can be used to address the challenges associated with cold start sessions where no previously interacted items are present.