Gain Reputation Research Articles

Geopolitical Risk and Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on corporate ESG performance. Using a large sample of A-share listed firms in China from 2009 to 2020, we find that firms tend to perform better in ESG practice when faced with high GPR. Analyzing the mechanisms, we find that firms engage in ESG more actively during uncertain periods to hedge risk and gain reputation. In addition, we find that the positive impact of GPR on ESG is more prominent for state-owned firms, heavily polluting firms, firms with managers holding strong environmental awareness, and firms located in highly foreign-trade-dependent areas. Finally, we find that corporate ESG practice can alleviate the adverse effects of GPR on a firm’s risk and reputation, and also enhance the interests of relevant stakeholders, thereby affirming the results of the mechanism analysis and the propositions in the stakeholder theory. Our results are robust to alternative GPR and ESG measures and different estimation methods and samples after correcting for endogeneity using an IV approach. This study highlights the value of ESG practice during uncertain periods.

Assessment of Social Responsibilities Reporting among Public Listed Companies in Consumer Product and Services Industries towards Society

This paper focuses on the CSR disclosure among listed consumer products and services industry in Malaysia towards society. Increasing awareness of society in evaluating companies’ actions in maximizing profit has made companies have more social responsibilities. CSR initiatives have been used by companies discharging their fiduciary duties towards society over the years to gain support and positive perception as well as gain reputation. This study chooses a total of 20 companies’ annual reports over three years from 2021 until 2023 to analyze the frequency of CSR disclosures and initiatives in relation to society namely “environment” and “community-based program”. The CSR disclosures in an annual report being examined using qualitative research.

How the Citizen Science Platform iSpot Ensures Data Accuracy During and After Collection

How the Citizen Science Platform iSpot Ensures Data Accuracy During and After Collection

Trauma, włóczęga, poszukiwanie sławy. Wokół predebiutu literackiego Miodraga Bulatovicia

The existence and artistic production of Miodrag Bulatović was marked with traumatic experience from his adolescence. His father’s tragic death had a lasting impact on the writer’s psyche. Therefore, the effects of trauma can be noticed in the social behaviour of the future artist. Leaving his home, deciding to wander instead of settling is an indication of neurotic anxiety and narcissistic desire to achieve fame and gain reputation. In the case of Bulatović, the act of creation had a role of saving, purifying and expression. Writing enabled the artist to express and process the traumatic events from his early youth. The work entitled My Mother (Moja Majka, 1950) should be considered as Bulatović’s writing pre-debut. A discernible absence of the masculine principle meant that the artist turned to the matriarchal and maternal element embodying light, life, shelter and safety. In the examined work, the Woman-Mother — in spite of numerous adversities — was presented as victorious and tenacious in her symbolic quest for the sunny crux of life.
 It should be emphasised that the analysed text indicates the artistic strategies and solutions typical of the mature techniques used by this Serbian artist. The grotesque and uncontrollable imagination made it possible for the writer to create the image of the reality defined as hell on Earth.

The role of third parties in norm enforcement in customary courts among the Enga of Papua New Guinea

Cultural norms are key to cooperation in human societies. How they are regulated, maintained, and adapted to the change remains a matter of debate. Humans have dispositions for both retributive and restorative justice; recent focus has been on third-party punishment, punitive sanctions by those not directly harmed, as key for norm enforcement. However, punishment does not engage the essential proficiencies and emotions critical to cooperation in small-scale societies with high dependence on collective action, sharing, and exchange. Third-party participation in norm enforcement is examined with data from a 10-y study among the Enga of Papua New Guinea. The Enga have a plural justice system with formal courts practicing retributive justice and customary courts applying restorative measures. Most cases are brought to customary courts. Drawing on observations from 333 village customary court cases concerning assault, marriage, land, and property violations, third-party engagement outside of and during customary court hearings is analyzed. Results show that all sides are heard, restoration is prioritized, and third-party punishment is rare; rather, third parties help with compensation to reintegrate wrongdoers and resolve conflicts. Repeated offenders and free riders receive ever less community support. Third parties contribute substantially both during and outside of customary court sessions to help kin, pursue economic agendas, or gain reputation. They also act generously to build a strong community. Emphasis is on amends to the victim for fairness, not punishment of the offender. Broad third-party participation is maintained throughout times of rapid change to adapt while supporting essential structures of society.

The political implications of Beethoven's music in China, 1949–1959: an examination of the publication and performance of Beethoven's music

PurposeOne of the standard practices of Communist Parties around the world is to employ art, including music, as a channel to spread political ideologies. This study aims to scrutinize the reception of Beethoven's music, particularly from a political viewpoint, by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the People's Republic of China (PRC) during the early years of its rule, i.e. from 1949–1959. The ambiguity of Beethoven's own political outlook may have provided an opportunity for the CCP to choose the composer and his music in support of its aims.Design/methodology/approachTo understand why and how the CCP could exploit Beethoven and his music to support its political ideologies, a series of Chinese writings on Beethoven between 1949 and 1959 have been studied. Those literatures not only helped the composer gain reputation and popularity in the PRC, but also provided a platform for the CCP to manipulate such candidate and his music. Finally, the reception of the performances of the Ninth Symphony in 1959 in the PRC is singled out for close examination.FindingsDuring the first ten years of the establishment of the PRC, the quantity and quality of the articles on Beethoven expanded considerably. These writings continued to reflect the reception of Beethoven and his music with the addition of political nuances that could be interpreted in the CCP's favour.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to examine the PRC's artistic policies, with a particular emphasis on the reception of Beethoven and western classical music.

Producers’ and Consumers’ Perception of the Sustainability of Short Food Supply Chains: The Case of Parmigiano Reggiano PDO

Recent literature has highlighted the importance of testing the sustainability performances of supply chains. Nevertheless, this field of research is still in its early stages, in particular with reference to short food supply chains (SFSCs). This research analyzed producers’ and consumers’ perception of the economic, social and environmental sustainability of two SFSCs of a specific quality of cheese (Parmigiano Reggiano PDO) placed in two different contexts: the first is a rural area in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park mountains and the second is a peri-urban area in Parma surroundings, both in Italy. The case study also analyzed the carbon emissions of shopping for Parmigiano Reggiano at dairy shops. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed to achieve the aims of the present study. For producers in both areas, the SFSC is a successful strategy to sell a part of their output in their own outlets, gain reputation, reduce costs and at the same time increase their levels of self-esteem. Product quality is the biggest factor attracting consumers to the outlet; moreover, it is associated with trust in the producers and the idea of combining “leisure with pleasure”. However, the environmental impact of the consumers’ purchase activities is a drawback.

Indirect-Reciprocity Data Fusion Game and Application to Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

Data sharing is one critical step to implement data fusion, and how to encourage sensors to share their data is an important issue. In this paper, we propose a reputation-based incentive framework, where the data sharing stimulation problem is modeled as an indirect reciprocity game. In the proposed game, sensors choose how to report their results to the fusion center and gain reputations, based on which they can obtain certain benefits in the future. Taking the sensing and fusion accuracy into account, reputation distribution is introduced in the proposed game, where we prove theoretically the Nash equilibrium of the game and its uniqueness. Furthermore, we apply the proposed scheme to the cooperative spectrum sensing. We show that within an appropriate cost-to-gain ration, the optimal strategy for the secondary users is to report when the average received energy is above a given threshold and keep silence otherwise. Such an optimal strategy is also proved to be a desirable evolutionarily stable strategy. Finally, simulation results are shown to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate that compared with the existing schemes, our proposed scheme achieves better operating characteristic curve and higher system throughput with convincing performance on fairness.

Environmental Costs and Firm Value

Using a unique worldwide dataset, this paper examines how environmental costs affect firm value. We maintain that firms gain reputation and enhance firm value by decreasing their environmental costs. This argument is labeled as the stakeholder value maximization-based reputation building hypothesis. Our results, however, show that there are regional variations in the relation between firm value and environmental costs. We further find that an increased firm value resulting from lower environmental costs is pronounced among firms during the Kyoto Protocol commitment period, especially in environmentally conscious countries. This evidence is consistent with the view of the differential recognition hypothesis.

The publishing and patenting strategies of successful university spinoffs in the biopharmaceutical industry

Firms in the biopharmaceutical industry send signals to investors about the value of their knowledge by disclosing it in the form of patents and publications. In this way, they can gain reputation even before having products on the market. This paper compares the patenting and publishing activities of university spinoffs with other biopharmaceutical firms. The findings suggest that successful university spinoffs and successful other firms (not university spinoffs) tend to follow different knowledge disclosure strategies. Whereas successful university spinoffs tend to emphasize the scientific value of their knowledge and gain reputation through their high-quality publications, other successful firms tend to emphasize the commercial value of their knowledge and gain reputation through high-quality patents.

Energy Management Strategies in hydrogen Smart-Grids: A laboratory experience

As microgrids gain reputation, nations are making decisions towards a new energetic paradigm where the centralized model is being abandoned in favor of a more sophisticated, reliable, environmentally friendly and decentralized one.The implementation of such sophisticated systems drive to find out new control techniques that make the system “smart”, bringing the Smart-Grid concept. This paper studies the role of Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) in hydrogen microgrids, covering both theoretical and experimental sides. It first describes the commissioning of a new labscale microgrid system to analyze a set of different EMS performance in real-life. This is followed by a summary of the approach used towards obtaining dynamic models to study and refine the different controllers implemented within this work. Then the implementation and validation of the developed EMSs using the new labscale microgrid are discussed. Experimental results are shown comparing the response of simple strategies (hysteresis band) against complex on-line optimization techniques, such as the Model Predictive Control. The difference between both approaches is extensively discussed. Results evidence how different control techniques can greatly influence the plant performance and finally we provide a set of guidelines for designing and operating Smart Grids.

Do Opinions on Financial Misstatement Firms Affect Analysts’ Reputation with Investors? Evidence from Reputational Spillovers

ABSTRACTWe examine whether opinions on firms subsequently revealed to have misstated earnings affect analysts’ reputation with investors. We find that positive opinions by bullish analysts hurt their reputation, leading investors to react less to their research on non‐misstatement firms after the misstatement revelation (i.e., negative spillovers). We also find that bearish analysts issuing more negative opinions gain reputation and experience positive spillovers. Finally, for analysts who dropped coverage of the misstatement firm before the misstatement revelation, we find no spillovers, which suggests that analysts experience limited reputational gains when they did not issue a public negative opinion.

Do Opinions on Financial Misstatement Firms Affect Analystss Reputation with Investors? Evidence from Reputational Spillovers

We examine whether opinions on firms subsequently revealed to have misstated earnings affect analysts’ reputation with investors. We find that positive opinions by bullish analysts hurt their reputation, leading investors to react less to their research on non-misstatement firms after the misstatement revelation (i.e., negative spillovers). We also find that bearish analysts issuing more negative opinions gain reputation and experience positive spillovers. Finally, for analysts who dropped coverage of the misstatement firm before the misstatement revelation, we find no spillovers, which suggests that analysts experience limited reputational gains when they did not issue a public negative opinion.

USAGE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN IZNIK TILES

Tile is the interior and/or outer surface of glazed ceramic. Tile art, decorated with traditional motifs and special dyes, has developed as a type of art in relation with architecture. According to the data gathered from archaeological excavation in central Asia, Turks tackled tiles as an art form in the earlier period. Kashi tiles, as called by Turks, named by the art historians due to the Kashan city placed in the east of Kavir desert. The usage of tiles in architecture was called Kashi until the 18th century in the Ottoman period and other goods such as plates, vases and bowls were called Evani. Turks changed the name of Kashi to tile in order to emphasize on its quality and help it gain reputation. In the 14th century, Anatolian tile art gained a new dimension with the Ottoman. Especially between the 15th and 17th century, Iznik had become an important center of ceramic and tile production. Tiles produced in Iznik were used to decorate walls of palaces in Istanbul. Stylized motifs used in Iznik tiles were simplified forms of nature. Frequent usage of these motifs is found in the 15th and 16th century. Stylized naturalistic motifs which were used in Iznik tiles were most preferred flowers in the Islamic world. Dianthus caryophyllus, Rosa and Tulipa were among the most widely used motifs. Viola, Lilium, Narcissus, Hyacinthus and Colchinum autumnale were also represented in the decorative tiles of the 16th century. In addition to flowers, stylized floral motifs of almond and cherry trees, hanging grapes and Cupressus tree created other naturalistic motifs. Cupressus is the symbol of life, death, the universe and settled layout. In this research, the usage of plants as an important subject of architecture is investigated in Iznik tile and ceramic. Mythological and historical aspects of Islamic philosophy in the flower and tree planting, as an important part of stylized motifs of Iznik tiles, are at the point of attention and explanation.

An Indirect-Reciprocity Reputation Game for Cooperation in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Cooperation is a promising approach to simultaneously achieve efficient utilization of spectrum resource and improve the quality of service of primary users in dynamic spectrum access networks. However, due to the selfish nature, secondary users may not act as cooperatively as primary users have expected. Therefore, how to stimulate the secondary users to play cooperatively is an important issue. In this paper, we propose a reputation-based spectrum access framework, where the cooperation stimulation problem is modeled as an indirect reciprocity game. In the proposed game, secondary users choose how to help primary users relay information and gain reputations, based on which they can access a certain amount of vacant licensed channels in the future. By formulating a secondary user's decision making as a Markov decision process, we obtain the optimal action rule, according to which the secondary user will use maximal power to help primary user relay data if the channel is not in an outage, and thus greatly improve the primary user's quality of service as well as the spectrum utilization efficiency. Moreover, we prove the uniqueness of stationary reputation distribution and theoretically derive the condition under which the optimal action rule is evolutionarily stable. Finally, simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Inсretin-based therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

The program of renoprotection in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is based on a conceptual model of development and progressionof diabetic kidney disease, which is the result of combined impact of genetically modulated metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Compensationof carbohydrate metabolism, which is crucial at the clinical debut of nephropathy, becomes problematic at the late stages ofchronic kidney disease (CKD). ADA (American Diabetes Association) and EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes)recommendations formalized in a consensus on the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) should only be extrapolated topatients with CKD with great prudence. Incretin-based drugs gain reputation as promising and perspective therapy for metabolic controlin patients with type 2 DM and CKD. There is an obvious need for large-scale, long-term studies involving patients with various severityof renal disease and related complications to assess the potential of this new diabetes therapy trend.

Sowing the seeds of neo-imperialism: the Rockefeller Foundation's yellow fever campaign in Mexico.

The Rockefeller Foundation's campaign against yellow fever in Mexico sought to advance the economic and political interests of U.S. capitalism. The campaign was implemented at a time of strong anti-American sentiments on the part of the Mexican people. With no diplomatic relationships between Mexico and the United States, the Rockefeller Foundation presented its campaign as an international commitment. Thus, Foundation doctors became the most salient U.S. diplomats. At the same time they made sure that the Mexican yellow fever would not spread to the United States through the southern border. The by-products of the campaign went beyond the political arena. Special techniques to combat the vectors allowed the Rockefeller Foundation's brigades to change the anti-American sentiments of the people. When the campaign ended, the Foundation had already set in place the foundation for the modern Mexican health care system. Benefits from the campaign also accrued to President Obregón, who used the campaign to strengthen his position of power. Mexican doctors adopting a pro-American attitude also allied with the Rockefeller Foundation to gain reputation and power within the emerging Mexican State.

Shona Male and Female Artistry

The Shona of Zimbabwe1 have long produced a number of artifacts in which they take great pride. The majority of these are made during the winter months when people are not busy caring for their fields. Both men and women gain reputations as accomplished artists in their specialties and are able to attract clients from wide areas. Women fingerweave barkcloth blankets and mold pottery. Men carve wood and forge iron. This sexual division adheres to the pattern seen in much of Africa. It is apparent among the Shona, as it may be among many African peoples, that gender determines not only the physical nature of the work artists do but also what they perceive as being the source of their artistic inspiration. Male and female concepts of creativity differ. For the Shona, creativity does not connote originality of expression, as it usually does in the West. Working with quite a narrow range of forms, their artists do not often diverge from traditionally accepted formats. Rather, creativity is thought of in terms of the power and impetus to create.2 Shona artists make this clear when explaining how they started in their trade, received inspiration for their work, or gained their reputation. Since their explanations are culturally specific, we must understand not only the nature and uses of Shona art, but also the framework of Shona religious beliefs. Artists often attribute their skills to the two principal types of spirits in Shona cosmology: the shave, usually interpreted as alien or wandering spirits, and the vadzimu (sing., mudzimu), or spirits of the ancestors. The shave are believed to be from outside Shona society-for example, from neighboring groups such