A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Structure Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Prevention Of Childhood Accidents Among Mothers Of Under Five Children At Piparia, Introduction: Accident means sudden, unexpected harmful event, An accident is often a harmful event that could be avoided by a little careful though. Child accidents are very common among under five children. During this age child is like a Discovering machine always searching for new things. because of curious(eagerness) and enthusiastic in nature they love to explore the environments persistently and does not understand the probable danger of their play. Material and Method: An evaluative research approach with pre-experimental design was used. The sampling technique used was non - probability convenient sampling. Data was collected from 50 mothers, from Piparia village, Vadodara. Data collection was done from 8-11-2013 to 24-11-2013. Permission taken from the Sarpanch of the Piparia Village was obtained prior to data collection process. The tool consist of section : 1 Demographic profile, section :2 - knowledge component of Childhood accident consisting 30 items. The reliability of the tool was established by using split half and karl pearson method. Hence the tool was found to be reliable. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics Descriptive statistics used were frequency, mean, range and standard deviation. The data was also presented graphically. Results: Result of the study indicates that: The post-test knowledge score was in the range of (20-29) which was higher than the pre-test knowledge score range (11-17). The mean post-test knowledge score (24.14) also was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (13.84).The comparison of pre-test and post-test knowledge score showed that there was a significant gain in knowledge scores of mothers after STP The association between the post test level of knowledge and socio demographic variable. The Chi-square value shows that there no significance association between the post test knowledge and socio demographic variables Interpretation and Conclusion: The study findings revealed that structured teaching programme was highly effective in improving knowledge of mothers regarding childhood accidents Key Word: Assess, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Structured teaching programme, Childhood accidents, Mothers.