Gaceta De Madrid Research Articles

“Ukraine and its last troubadour”. An unexpected story about Ukraine in the Spanish press of the XIX century

The article examines the perception of the Spanish reading public about Ukraine in the third quarter of the XIX century. For this, two groups of journalistic materials were analyzed - "Letters from Russia" (1856–1857) by Juan Valera and the article with a continuation "Ukraine and its last troubadour", published in the official publication "Gaceta de Madrid" in 1878, which was first introduced in scientific circulation. The content of these publications is defined as a turning point in the perception of Ukrainian lands. This was influenced by the spread of the ethnographic approach, which required the study of peoples instead of states and offered a systematic historical and cultural image of the population of the southwestern provinces of the Russian Empire. In the "Letters" of J. Valera, there is still an established until the beginning of the 19th century, the dichotomy of the negative and positive image of the Cossack; on the other hand, in the materials of "Gaceta de Madrid", the story about the Cossacks fits into the broader context of the past and present population of the modern Ukrainian lands, for which the author mainly uses the term "Ukraine" (Ukrania) and much less often "Little Russia" ( la pequeña Rusia). This allows us to state that thanks to the ethnographic approach, there was a transition from the idea of ​​the semi-wild lands of the Cossacks and Tatars, lost in the not-so-wide expanses of Eastern Europe, to a clearly defined ethnographic territory, which in the modern era took the name of Ukraine.

La farmacia rural en los primeros años de la colegiación Obligatoria

The existence of a College of Pharmacists in all provincial capitals and the registration of pharmacists, in the one that corresponds to them, are two requirements that emanate from the Royal Decree of 12-04-1898 (Gaceta de Madrid, 15-IV-1898). Cecilio Núñez, a pharmacist established in Agreda (Soria), in his work «Datos Estadísticos» (La Farmacia Española, 1898) counts 4.795 open pharmacies throughout Spain. 2.593 people corresponded to each pharmacy. In this paper analyzes the development of pharmaceutical knowledge and the evolution of professional practice in rural Spain during the last years of the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century. It is presented to professionals with a very high scientific qualification, but who live, in many cases, in a precarious economic situation. Professionals who, apart from the strictly pharmaceutical function of preparation and dispensing of medicines, are involved in hygienic-sanitary matters and who even, on many occasions, have to assume municipal management tasks.

Un caso de ocultación de autoría en la literatura costumbrista durante el reinado de Carlos IV: la serie en torno a las ferias de Madrid (1791-1796)

Este artículo aborda un caso de ocultación de autoría en una serie de obras de carácter costumbrista en torno a las ferias de Madrid publicada entre 1791 y 1796. "Mis vagatelas, ó las ferias de Madrid" (1791), "El tiempo de ferias, ó Jacinto en Madrid" (1793) -- ambas de autor anónimo -- , y "El Ropavejero literario, en las ferias de Madrid" (1796) de Desiderio Cerdonio, reimpresa en 1834, se anunciaron periódicamente en la prensa madrileña, principalmente en la "Gaceta de Madrid" y el "Diario de Madrid". Estos anuncios nos ofrecen la oportunidad de examinar la publicidad y la comercialización de estas obras dentro del mercado del libro madrileño, y pueden servir como fuentes útiles de identificación autoral. El propósito del presente trabajo es, por lo tanto, ofrecer una aproximación a este corpus de textos, situándolo dentro de la literatura costumbrista que fue surgiendo durante la época de Carlos IV, recurriendo a los anuncios de prensa de las tres obras que componen esta serie a fin de indagar su autoría.

Evolución de la gestión del riesgo en el sector agrario español: De la economía preindustrial a los seguros

From a long-term perspective (Early Modern Age until the Spanish Civil War), we analyse how the rural world confronted contingent risks that could cause serious material losses. For the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, our research relied on notarial sources based on leases. For the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, we used a variety of sources, such as company statutes and balance sheets, trade journals, the Gaceta de Madrid and official insurance statistics. The analysis shows how typical Modern Age practices continued into the twentieth century. The Late Modern period was characterised by difficulty in introducing agricultural insurance, a low level of participation by private insurance companies and recourse to local and provincial mutual societies. The disinterest of the general insurance companies in covering agricultural risk was reflected in the insignificant weight of the corresponding premiums in the overall company figures, with the modest exception of livestock insurance. Mutualism, especially in northern Spain, sought support from public institutions such as provincial councils. Finally, in the first decades of the twentieth century, major agricultural employers exerted pressure on the State to progressively assume responsibility for agricultural coverage.

Indultos particulares durante el Directorio Militar de Primo de Rivera (1923-1925)

The granting of pardons has been a practice traditionally associated with the monarchy. In the contemporary era, in Spain, all nineteenth century constitucional texts established it. The reasons for granting this privilege are varied: from general policy issues, through criminal policy reasons, as a penitentiary benefit or as a corrective of the judging function. This article tries to analyze, according to the data provided by the Gaceta de Madrid (BOE), the particular pardons granted by Alfonso XIII, during Military Directory of Primo de Rivera (little more than two years), period in wich the Constitution of 1876 was suspended.Fecha de envio / Submission date: 9/03/2020Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance date: 28/04/2020

Traslado y cambio de nombre: cuando la Gaceta (constitucional) de Madrid se transformó en Gaceta Española (abril-octubre de 1823)

espanolCuando, ante la inminencia de la invasion francesa, la familia Real, el Gobierno y las principales instituciones, por orden de las Cortes, se trasladaron a Sevilla donde hicieron su entrada el 10 de abril de 1823, la Gaceta espanola, que inicio su andadura al dia siguiente, paso a ser el nuevo organo de prensa del gobierno constitucional, en sustitucion de la Gaceta de Madrid que se siguio publicando, pero en una villa que ya no era corte. A partir de la documentacion conservada en el Archivo Historico Nacional (Madrid) se ofrece un analisis de la trayectoria de la Gaceta espanola (Sevilla-Cadiz, abril-octubre 1823) que permite apreciar la diversidad y relevancia de los problemas con los que se enfrento ese periodico oficial cuya supresion o privatizacion era politicamente imposible, al mismo tiempo que ilustra la crisis que, desde el inicio del Trienio Liberal, afecto a la prensa oficial EnglishFaced with an imminent French invasion, the Spanish Cortes ordered the Royal Family, the Government and the main political institutions to relocate to Seville, which they did on the 10th of April 1823. In Seville, the Gaceta Espanola —which appeared on the day immediately after the arrival of the government in Seville— became the new voice of the constitutional government, replacing the Gaceta de Madrid, which continued to be published albeit in a city (Madrid) that was no longer the seat of government. In this article we offer an analysis of the Gaceta Espanola (Seville-Cadiz, April-October 1823) based on documentation held at the Archivo Historico Nacional (Madrid), which will allows us to understand the plurality and nature of the challenges faced by a periodical whose official nature meant that it could not be cancelled or privatised, while at the same time speaks for the crisis that, since the beginning of the Liberal Triennium, affected government publications

The European News Network in 1784

This article includes a comparative analysis of eight of the most important newspapers published in eighteenth-century Europe: the London Gazette, the Gazette de France, the Gaceta de Madrid, the Gazeta de Lisboa, the Gazette de Amsterdam, the Gazette de Leyde, the Gazette de Cologne and the Morning Chronicle. It surveys the contents of the 550 issues and more than eleven thousand articles published by these eight newspapers from January to June 1784. This analysis reveals patterns in the contents of each periodical and what kinds of news it was likely to publish, as well as the interconnections between these newspapers and how they exchanged information. It also demonstrates the spatial elements of news, showing the speed at which information moved in Europe during the second half of the eighteenth century.

Charles Richard de Beauregard and the treatment of blennorrhagic urethral stenosis in Madrid in the 18th century: Advertising, secrecy and deception

ObjectivesDescribe the introduction of the treatment for blennorrhagic urethral stenosis in the city of Madrid in the 18th century by the French surgeon Charles de Beauregard, the formulations employed in the preparation of his personal «bougies», the advertising in the press, their marketing and distribution. Material and methodsNonsystematic review of the Madrid newspaper Gaceta de Madrid y Diario curioso, erudito, económico y comercial (Madrid Gazette, curious, erudite, financial and commercial) between 1759 and 1790. Review of the medical literature of the 18th century preserved in the Fondo Antiguo of the Biblioteca Histórica of Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Historical Resource of the Historical Library of the Complutense University of Madrid). A Google search of «Charles Richard de Beauregard». ResultsCharles de Beauregard focused his professional work mainly on the treatment of the urethral sequela of blennorrhagia, phimosis and paraphimosis. He introduced to 18th century Spanish society (with purported originality and clear commercial interests) therapeutic methods based on lead acetate that had already been developed in France by Thomas Goulard. ConclusionsThe urethral sequela of diseases such as blennorrhagic urethritis, stenotic phimosis and paraphimosis were highly prevalent in 18th century Madrid and required complex solutions for the practice of urology of that era. Charles de Beauregard introduced innovative but not original treatments that were invasive but not bloody and that provided him with fame and social prestige. He advertised his professional activity and marketed his therapeutic products through advertisements submitted to the daily press (Madrid Gazette, Gaceta de Madrid).

Carlos Richard de Beauregard y el tratamiento de la estenosis uretral blenorrágica en el Madrid del siglo xviii: publicidad, secreto e impostura

ObjectivesDescribe the introduction of the treatment for blennorrhagic urethral stenosis in the city of Madrid in the 18th century by the French surgeon Charles de Beauregard, the formulations employed in the preparation of his personal «bougies», the advertising in the press, their marketing and distribution. Material and methodsNonsystematic review of the Madrid newspaper Gaceta de Madrid y Diario curioso, erudito, económico y comercial (Madrid Gazette, curious, erudite, financial and commercial) between 1759 and 1790. Review of the medical literature of the 18th century preserved in the Fondo Antiguo of the Biblioteca Histórica of Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Historical Resource of the Historical Library of the Complutense University of Madrid). A Google search of «Charles Richard de Beauregard». ResultsCharles de Beauregard focused his professional work mainly on the treatment of the urethral sequela of blennorrhagia, phimosis and paraphimosis. He introduced to 18th century Spanish society (with purported originality and clear commercial interests) therapeutic methods based on lead acetate that had already been developed in France by Thomas Goulard. ConclusionsThe urethral sequela of diseases such as blennorrhagic urethritis, stenotic phimosis and paraphimosis were highly prevalent in 18th century Madrid and required complex solutions for the practice of urology of that era. Charles de Beauregard introduced innovative but not original treatments that were invasive but not bloody and that provided him with fame and social prestige. He advertised his professional activity and marketed his therapeutic products through advertisements submitted to the daily press (Madrid Gazette, Gaceta de Madrid).

Los planes de estudio en la aparición y consolidación

European educational systems, centralized and structured by levels, developed during the 19th century in a “gerschenkron” way. This article focus on the legal definition of secondary education in Spain as represented by the different curricula approved between 1821 and 1936, published in the Gaceta de Madrid, and its implementation in the Instituto Cardenal Cisneros (Madrid) between 1886 y 1936, using registration data from the Libros de Matricula. Norms appear to have been excessive, unnecessary, and irrelevant, and to have resulted in legal instability which had negative effects on the Cisneros: frequent rearrangements of school curricula, several of them being offered on the same school year and some being replaced before fully implemented, and permanent improvisation within a growing number of subjects. Annual changes in the number of registered students by subject matter was high and irregular, except for the few periods of legal stability, and it shows that the chaos and confusion affecting both students, official and non-official, and professors had reached the classroom.

Azar y fortuna en España: la Lotería Nacional, 1850–2000

This article examines the determinants of the Spanish National Lottery between 1850 and 2000. The sales data are from Gaceta de Madrid (1850–1920), Cuentas de Tesoreros (Sección de Hacienda) of Administración General Estado Archive (1939–1955) and the Annual Reports from LAE (1985–2000). The results provide a detailed examination of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of lottery players –income, educational levels, urbanisation, number of lottery retail outlets in the province, age and religion- that historically determine lottery ticket purchases in Spain. This study uses standard OLS estimation and models that account spatial dependence between a province and its neighbors.

La aproximación ideológica de Sanz del Río al liberalismo progresista y su primera polémica con la prensa tradicionalista

Julian Sanz del Rio, founder of the philosophical movement of Spanish krausism, evolved politically from the moderate to the progressive liberalism between 1844 and 1854. His moderate friends ignored this occurrence, and supported him, until his reviews of two french books published in the Gaceta de Madrid, denounced for heterodoxy by the traditionalist press and then by the Bishops from Barcelona and Zamora, revealed to them his true true political positions and his anticlericalism.

Gacetas y relaciones de sucesos (años 1700-1704) en un legajo de la biblioteca da Universidade de Santiago

Catalogue of fifteen accounts of events and nine news articles stored among the remains of three volumes of the Gaceta de Madrid from the period 1700-1704 and deposited at Santiago University Library. The twenty-four pieces of printed matter which we describe, dating from between 1702 and 1704, focus on accession of Philip V to the throne of Spain and on the national and international military and political events leading to the War of Spanish Succession.

Known and unknown earthquakes through some European periodicals of the eighteenth century

Since the eighteenth century, pioneer seismologists have used information from the periodical press to compile their lists of European earthquakes. A systematic reading of three eighteenth century periodicals –Gaceta de Madrid (1701–1750), Gazeta de Lisboa (1715–1751) and Mercure de France (1732–1763) – has been carried out in the frame of the EC project ‘Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe (RHISE)’. The retrieval of earthquake records provides data on European and Mediterranean earthquakes. Sources and records are here analysed to verify their reliability and to understand the significance of the earthquake information they supply. Special attention has been paid to earthquakes that affected Italian territory, by means of a comparison between records and space-time, intensity parameters of the Italian seismic catalogue: this comparison shows that about 45% of the earthquakes mentioned by the periodicals are unknown in the Italian catalogue, and that 30% of them are damaging earthquakes.

El Coliseo de la Cruz: Illustrations from the Archivo Municipal de Madrid

Forty-four weeks of work beginning on Sunday 8 July 1736, and culminating on 11 May 1737, produced the first modern public theatre in the city of Madrid. Constructed on the site of the first permanent theatre at a total cost of some 515,809 reales, it was undoubtedly a spectacle to behold for the Madrid citizenry of that time, so accustomed to the starkness and modesty of the corrales. The building served the public as a theatre for over 120 years. On 3 July 1859, the demolition project for the theatre was advertised for bids in both the Gaceta de Madrid and the Diario Oficial de Avisos de Madrid, and by 15 October the city architect, Don Juan Jose Sanchez Pescador, had inspected the site and declared the project complete. La Esperanza of 15 November 1859 reported: ‘Ya esta empedrado en forma de calle y pronto se abrira al transito publico el solar del teatro’.