GaCl3 Research Articles

869. Addition compounds of gallium trichloride. Part IV. The thermal stability and heat of formation of gallium trichloride–phosphorus trichloride

869. Addition compounds of gallium trichloride. Part IV. The thermal stability and heat of formation of gallium trichloride–phosphorus trichloride

306. Addition compounds of gallium trichloride. Part I. A comparison of the binary systems which acyl chlorides form with boron and gallium trichlorides

306. Addition compounds of gallium trichloride. Part I. A comparison of the binary systems which acyl chlorides form with boron and gallium trichlorides

The catalytic halides—XIII the interaction of gallium trichloride with ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, and t-butyl chlorides

The phase diagrams for the ethyl chloride—gallium chloride system were determined at four temperatures, −78.5, −64, −50, and −36°. A 1 : 1 addition compound exists in the solution phase as shown by molecular weight determinations. A solid phase corresponding to the 1 : 2 compound, C 2H 5Cl : Ga 2Cl 6, was identified, and the heat of dissociation, C 2H 5Cl : Ga 2Cl 6(s) ⇄ C 2H 5Cl(g) + Ga 2Cl 6(s) is 9.74 kcal/mole. The heat of solution of the 1 : 2 compound in ethyl chloride is 5.0 kcal/mole and the calculated m.p. is −29°. The phase diagram for the isopropyl chloride—gallium chloride system was determined at −64°. Solid phases corresponding to both the 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 compounds, (CH 3) 2CHCl : Ga 2Cl 6 and (CH 3) 2CHCl : GaCl 3, were identified. At higher temperatures, solutions of gallium chloride in isopropyl chloride evolved hydrogen chloride at an appreciable rate. Similar observations were obtained for solutions of gallium chloride in n-propyl and t-butyl chloride. Isomerization of n-propyl to isopropyl chloride was also observed. Under the same conditions the rate of hydrogen chloride evolution is t-butyl > isopropyl > n-propyl > ethyl chloride, which is also the order of stability of the carbonium ions of the respective alkyl groups.

Addition Compounds of Gallium Trichloride with Methyl Halides1,2

Addition Compounds of Gallium Trichloride with Methyl Halides^1,2

The Raman spectrum of liquid and solid gallium trichloride

AbstractThe Raman spectra of solid and liquid gallium trichloride are communicated. From the number of frequency shifts found and from the frequency values it is probable that gallium trichloride is present as double molecules Ga2Cl6 in the solid and in the liquid. The structure of these double molecules is probably that of the ethylenic (bridge) model as was formerly concluded for Al2Cl6 etc., although the absence of polarization measurements makes this conclusion less conclusive. The result is in agreement with the crystal structure determination of Ga2Cl6 as given in the Thesis of Renes. A comparison is made between experimental and calculated frequency values for the “ethane” and the “ethylenic” models.

The Conductance of Gallium Trichloride and Tribromide in Nitrobenzene on Addition of Complexing Agents at 25°

The Conductance of Gallium Trichloride and Tribromide in Nitrobenzene on Addition of Complexing Agents at 25°

Studies of the Rarer Elements

IN his address as retiring president to the Chemical Society given on March 28 and entitled “Recent Researches on Certain of the Rarer Elements” (J. Chem. Soc., p. 554, April 1935), Prof. G. T. Morgan outlined some of the most important advances which have been made in recent years in the study of the rarer elements. The British Empire is endowed with mineral resources to an extent unsurpassed by those of any other nation. It is obviously the duty of British chemists to undertake the systematic investigation of the rarer elements of the Empire, for it is certain that results of inestimable value will be forthcoming. Prof. Morgan is himself an outstanding leader in this kind of work and the results which he and his colleagues have accumulated form the main topic of the address. The extraction of germanium and gallium from Northumberland coal-ash has been started by Dr. G. R. Davies. Certain seams of Northumbrian coal give an ash containing up to 1 per cent of germanium and 0-05 per cent of gallium. The germanium is distilled out with acid as tetrachloride, whilst gallium trichloride remains in the still. A diagram of the apparatus is given. Rhenium has been extracted from Australian molybdenite by a lengthy process involving fractional volatilisation and ultimate separation with organic reagents such as 8-hydroxy-quinoline and dipyridyl. The address concludes with some notes on the co-ordination compounds of ruthenium, amongst which is an ammine which dyes natural silk in red shades but is extremely difficult to isolate in a state of purity.

Preparation and Properties of Gallium and Gallium Trichloride1

Preparation and Properties of Gallium and Gallium Trichloride¹