G3 Values Research Articles

Dietary Supplementation of Solid-state Fermented Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae Meal Enriched by Lactobacillus sp. in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

The current study examined the dietary solid-state fermented yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae meal inclusion on growth performance, gut microbiota, body composition, liver and intestinal histology and histomorphometric parameters in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) for 84 days. Guppies were fed diets included with no supplementation (C); 4 g/kg yellow mealworm larva meal (G1), 4 g/kg solid-state fermented with Lactobacillus brevis yellow mealworm larvae meal (G2), 4 g/kg solid-state fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum yellow mealworm larvae meal (G3), the combination of 2 g/kg solid-state fermented with L. brevis plus 2 g/kg solid-state fermented with L. plantarum yellow mealworm larvae meal (G4). For female guppies, the growth performance of the G4 group clearly differed from all groups with the synergistic effect of solid-state fermented with L. plantarum plus L. brevis. In male guppies, G3 and G4 groups showed the highest growth performance values among all groups. The intestinal microbiota of guppies was clearly varied with supplementation groups. Fusobacteria was the most abundant phylum in C, G1, G2 and G3 groups. However, Proteobacteria showed the most intensity in the G4 group. Intestinal villus height, width and surface area were positively affected in solid-state fermented yellow mealworm larvae meal supplementation groups, reaching higher values in G3 and G4 groups. In conclusion, solid-state fermented yellow mealworm larvae meal via 2 g/kg L. plantarum plus 2 g/kg L. brevis can improve growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota of guppies.

Evaluation of Three Deworming Methods and their Long-Term Effect on the Weight of Buffaloes Raised in Silvopastoral Systems

Purpose of the Study: The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of three deworming methods on body weight gains in buffaloes raised in silvopastoral systems (SPS).
 Methods: Thirty buffaloes were divided into three groups (ten per group) as follows: 1) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later; 2) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later, then at 6 months and 14 days later; 3) Ivermectin 1 g at 30 days of age and then at six months of age. Birth, weaning (9 months), and final (18 months) weight were registered, and daily weight gains were calculated. The McMaster technique was used to evaluate the presence of parasites.
 Results: The overall prevalence of parasites in the animals evaluated was 93.33%. The most common parasites were: Strongylus sp., Neoascaris sp., Moniezia sp., and Eimeria sp. Before the application of the dewormers, initial values in G1, G2, and G3 were 360, 350, and 210 hpg/opg; after the application of the treatments, 60, 25, and 20 hpg/opg were obtained, respectively. Buffaloes in G2 showed significantly (P=0.046) high final weights (415.10±23.76 kg) compared to G1 (354.80±46.71 kg) but showed no difference with G3 (374.80±43.60k).
 Conclusion: It is concluded that albendazole at 10 g and a repeat at six months of age can be used in buffalo breeding in SPS, which could help to implement regenerative livestock programs, decreasing the use of Ivermectin.

Soft-Tissue Response following Genioplasty Combined with Anterior Segmental Osteotomy.

The authors' main aim was to analyze soft-tissue response of the chin following genioplasty with anterior segmental osteotomy, which enables optimal surgical planning of genioplasty. Sixty-two patients who underwent genioplasty with concomitant anterior segmental osteotomy were divided into three groups depending on the direction of pogonion (Pog) movement: G1 (without sagittal change), G2 (advancement genioplasty), and G3 (setback genioplasty). All genioplasties included height reduction. Hard- and soft-tissue measurements with cephalometry were performed at T1 (before surgery), T2 (after surgery), and T3 (after orthodontic treatment) for the analysis of sagittal and vertical changes. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to analyze soft- to hard -tissue movement and soft-tissue thickness changes. During the T1 to T2 period, the horizontal soft- to hard-tissue ratio at Pog was 0.85 in G2 and 0.80 in G3, and the vertical ratio at menton (Me) was 0.9 for all groups. The correlation coefficients were 0.64 (G2) and 0.83 (G3) at Pog and 0.9 (all), 0.85 (G1), 0.95 (G3) at Me. There was no significant correlation between initial soft-tissue thickness and soft-tissue response ratio. During the T2 to T3 period, no significant relapses were observed, which demonstrates the stability of anterior segmental osteotomy combined genioplasty. Clinically and statistically significant soft-tissue responses were demonstrated at Pog and Me. The higher values in G3 in particular suggest that setback genioplasty with anterior segmental osteotomy is an effective treatment alternative to conventional two-jaw surgery in some patients with bimaxillary prognathism with macrogenia. Therapeutic, IV.

Determination of the Efficacy of Broccoli Sprouts Seeds on Growth, Blood Parameters, and Immunological Indicators in Experimentally Immunosuppressed Male Rats

This study was conducted in graduate laboratories, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad’s and animal house in College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit to determine the effectiveness of broccoli sprouted seeds on growth parameters, blood components and measurement of immune indicators in male rats with experimentally reduced immunity. The results of the study showed that oral administration of Sandimmun to male albino rats led to a decrease in the weight gain rate of laboratory rats and a decrease in blood components such as the white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin concentration level (Hb), while there was a significant increase in the number of platelets (PLT). It also caused a significant decrease in the values of the immunological indicators like IgG, IgA, and IgM. The results showed that feeding on broccoli sprouted seed powder with both concentrations 15% and 30% caused an increase in the weight gain rates to 53.40 and 84.40 g, respectively, compared to the average weights gained for the rats with reduced immunity in treatment G2, which was 15.40 g. The same applies to the effect of feeding on the two treatments G3 and G4. These groups had significant improvement in the blood parameters of rats in both treatments, but the G4 treatment was the best treatment in raising the level of white blood cell counts WBC, which amounted to 14.90x109 cell/ml while the number of RBC erythrocytes was at 8.18x106 cell/ml compared with their numbers in the experimentally immunocompromised group of rats, which were at 15.12x109 cell/ml and 8.06 x106 cells/ml, respectively. While the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) level was at 13.68 mg/dL, the number of Platelets (PLT) 485x103 platelets / microliter and all these values were significantly similar with their numbers in the values of treatment G1. Also, feeding at a concentrations of 15% and 30% led to increase the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in rats, as it caused an increase in their values in treatment G3, which were at 0.48, 0.44, 0.52 mg/dL, respectively. While their values in treatment G4 were at 0.54, 0.47, and 0.56 mg/dL, compared with their values in treatment G2, which amounted to 0.35, 0.33, 0.41 mg/dL. The conclusion of this study is that feeding with broccoli sprouted seed powder improved the growth rates, blood profile parameters and immune globulins in the experimentally reduced immune male rats.

Growth Rate and Sexual Performance of Domesticated Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Earthen Ponds

It is generally accepted that using domesticated aquatic animal is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment. Despite previous reports on the domestication of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758), empirical data are lacking on the growth and sexual performance of domesticated individuals of this crab species. Thus, the growth and sexual performance were evaluated of domesticated P. pelagicus from the 1st to the 3rd generations. Domesticated crabs in the 1st (G1), 2nd (G2) and 3rd (G3) generations were reared for 150 days in 400 m2 earthen ponds at a density of 2 crabs/m2. Each generation had 3 replicates. The performance results showed that the mean final CW (11.4 cm) of G1 was higher than in G3 (9.9 cm), and G1 had a higher mean final BW (123.4 g) and SGR (4.8 % day–1) than in G2 (108.2 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively) and G3 (102.9 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively). The mean SR values in G1 (20.2 %), G2 (18.8 %) and G3 (18.3 %) were not significantly different. No significant differences were observed in mean FCR and productivity in G1 (5.8 and 94.1 kg/pond, respectively), G2 (6.6 and 82.9 kg/pond, respectively) and G3 (6.7 and 82.0 kg/pond, respectively). Sexual dimorphism in G1, G2 and G3 was observed at 60 days of rearing, with the sex ratio being 1:1 in each generation and 5.6 and 6.7 % of female crabs in G2 and G3, respectively, being berried in this period. In contrast, the berried females in G1 (17.6 % of females) were 1st found on day 90 of the rearing period. At day 150, the percentage composition ranges for yellow, brown and dark gray egg colors of the reared berried female crabs were 20.0 - 25.0, 40.0 - 50.0 and 25.0 - 40.0 %, respectively. These finding should assist in the future establishment of a selective breeding program that produces the 1st genetically improved strain of P. pelagicus possessing desired traits such as fast growth and high survival rates.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Currently, the culture techniques for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) have not yet been fully established to expand the farms and increase productivity to a commercial scale
 It is generally accepted that using domesticated broodstock is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment
 Successful aquaculture of P.pelagicus should rely on domesticated broodstock in which domestication improves reproductive and growth performances
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Clinical presentation and pulmonary function tests in post-acute COVID-19 patients.

The study analysed post-acute COVID-19 symptoms and the pulmonary function test (PFT) results in patients surviving the native strain of the virus. The study was prospective; the inclusion criteria were positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and age 18-100. Exclusion criteria were active respiratory infection, known or suspicious pre-existing pulmonary disease, cardiac failure, recent or acute pulmonary embolism, anaemia, and neuromuscular diseases. The recruitment period was 1st March 2020 - 25th December 2020. The initial examination was performed 4-12 weeks after the disease onset. All subjects underwent physical examination, anamnesis, chest x-ray and PFT. The study involved 785 subjects (345 male) mean age 53.8 (SD 14.6). The disease severity groups were: mild (G1), moderate (G2) and severe/critical (G3). Anosmia was present in the acute disease phase in 45.2% of G1 patients, but only in 4.5% of G3 patients. Dyspnoea occurred frequently in more severe groups (40%, 51.8% and 63.7% for G1, G2 and G3 respectively), while cough and fatigue showed no relationship to disease severity. Females were more likely to experience persistent symptoms. PFT results were significantly decreased in more severe groups compared to the mild COVID-19 patients, diffusing capacity was 86.3%, 79% and 68% of predicted values in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Anosmia during the acute phase was associated with mild disease, persisting dyspnoea was more frequent after more severe COVID-19. Females tended to have persisting symptoms in post-acute phase more frequently. PFT results showed decrease with disease severity.

Shear-Wave Elastography Using Commercially Available Ultrasound in a Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Disease

Elastography is currently used clinically to diagnose the degree of liver stiffness. We sought to develop a shear-wave elastography (SWE) measurement method using ultrasound in mice and to compare its results with those of other noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis. We divided male mice into three groups (normal (G1), liver fibrosis (G2), and fatty liver (G3)). We measured mouse liver SWE values and compared them with T1rho and T2 values from magnetic resonance imaging results. We also compared the SWE values with the expression levels of a serum liver fibrosis biomarker (Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP)) and hepatic genes. SWE values significantly increased over time in G2 but did not change in G3. T1rho values in G2 and G3 were significantly increased compared with those in G1. T2 values in G2 did not increase compared with those in group 1. T2 values in G3 significantly increased compared with those in groups 1 and 2. In G2, SWE values significantly and positively correlated with T1rho values. SWE values significantly correlated with serum M2BP levels in G2 but did not correlate with inflammatory gene expression. We could measure SWE values to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in mouse models of liver disease.

The Role of Adropin as a Novel Biomarker in Iraqi Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Osteoporosis

Adropin, a 4.9 kDa peptide encoded by the energy homeostasis associated gene (Enho) on chromosome 9, is synthesized by a number of organs including the central nervous system (pia mater, neurons neuroglial cells, Purkinje cells, granular layer, and vascular area), the kidney, heart, pancreas, liver and the human umbilical vein. Adropin's half-life is unknown at the moment, however it might last anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour, which is similar to other secretory proteins. Adropin's biological actions are mediated by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 19 being activated (GPR19). The focus of this research was to evaluate serum adropin rates in Patients with parkinson with osteoporosis disease and in Parkinson's patients without osteoporosis disease, and to analyse the outcomes with control groups, as well as to investigate the relationship between Adropin levels and anthropometric and clinical features (age, gender, BMI), serum parathyroid hormones (vitamin D3, calcium, and phosphorous), and glucose. Eighty people participated in the experiment and were divided into two groups. Parkinson's disease patients with osteoporosis illness (G1), Parkinson's disease patients without osteoporosis disease (G2), and control participants (G3) All of the research participants came from the Specialized Center for Parkinson's Disease with Osteoporosis in Baghdad/Alrisafa. G1, G2, and G3 were between the ages of 55 and 67, 38 and 75, and 55 and 66, respectively. In all of the groups surveyed, the ratio of males to females is increasing. This can be linked to the fact that males have a higher incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease than females. The results showed that the mean mean serum Adropin values in G1 (586.020 ±17.858 pg/mL) and G3 (584.572± 34.022 pg/mL) were considerably higher (P=0.0001) than the mean serum adropin in G2 (216.928±26.032 pg/mL), while the mean serum adropin in G1 (586.020± 17.858 pg/mL) was slightly higher than the mean serumG3. The investigation also included an examination of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for blood adropin levels when used as a test to divide people into cases and controls, as well as a calculation of the "cut-off value" for diagnosing the condition with the best specificity and sensitivity.

Relationship between lip skin biophysical and biochemical characteristics with corneocyte unevenness ratio as a new parameter to assess the severity of lip scaling.

ObjectiveLip skin dryness and chapping are major concerns related to lip skin care in many populations. The distinctive features of lip skin, such as the low water‐holding capacity and weak skin barrier, are strongly associated with these problems; however, few studies have examined lip skin characteristics and the mechanisms underlying these issues. This study was conducted to identify the biophysical properties of dry lip skin and molecular targets affecting lip skin physiology.MethodsSkin hydration, transepidermal water loss and lip skin scaling were evaluated in 40 female subjects. Skin scaling was assessed as a percentage area divided into five categories (G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4) according to the thickness level of tape‐stripped corneocytes. The activities and amounts of proteases, cathepsin D and bleomycin hydrolase were measured as markers for the desquamation process and skin hydration, respectively.ResultsSkin hydration showed a significantly positive correlation with the percentage area of evenly thin corneocytes (G0) and negative correlations with the percentage areas of slightly thick to severely thick corneocytes (G1‐G4). The corneocyte unevenness ratio (CUR) was calculated by dividing the sum of the G1, G2, G3 and G4 values with the G0 value. The CUR was significantly negatively correlated with skin hydration, suggesting that CUR is a new parameter representing the severity of lip scaling. Subjects with lower hydration and higher CUR had higher bleomycin hydrolase activity and lower cathepsin D activity, respectively, than subjects with higher hydration and lower CUR.ConclusionOur study revealed a correlation between lip skin hydration and severity of lip scaling and verified the association of protease activity with the hydration and chapping state of lip skin. These observations provide a basis for further studies of the persistent problem of lip skin dryness and chapping.

Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

Variances in the Level of COX-2 and iNOS in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer.

Many experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of COX-2 in the tumor angiogenesis. Inducible iNOS is responsible for a high and stable level of nitric oxide and is expressed in response to pro-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of COX-2 and iNOS at the protein level and to assess their potential prognostic significance in patients with endometrial cancer. The study group consisted of 45 women with endometrial cancer divided according to the degree of histological differentiation i.e. G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13. The control group consisted of 15 women without neoplastic changes. The expression of studied proteins was determined immunohistochemically with specific polyclonal antibodies. Analysis of the COX-2 expression showed that the optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 186% in the control group, while the values in G2 and G3 reached 243% and 293%, respectively. In the case of iNOS, the optical density of the reaction product reached the following percentages in the control group: 147% in G1, 243% in G2, and 241% in G3. Our findings suggest that changes in the expression of COX-2 and iNOS may be potentially useful in predicting the progression of endometrial cancer and treatment effectiveness.

Expression Profile of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, -D, and VEGF receptor-3 are proteins characterized as crucial for tumor lymphangiogenesis. It is accompanied by angiogenesis during wound healing, but also in the neoplastic process. The research studies have shown that the lymphatic system plays a key role in the progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in different grades of endometrial cancer (G1-G3). The study included 45 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (G1=17; G2=15; G3=13) and 15 patients without neoplastic changes. The expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 was assessed using microarray technique and immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Statistically significant changes in the expression at the transcriptome level were found only in the case of VEGF-C (G1 vs. C, fold change - FC = -1.15; G2 vs. C, FC = -2.33; G3 vs. C, FC = - 1.68). However, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 were expressed at the protein level. Analysis of VEGF-D expression showed that the optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 101.7, while the values in G2 and G3 were 142.7 and 184.4, respectively. For VEGF-R3, the optical density of the reaction product reached the following levels: 72 in control, 118.77 in G1, 145.8 in G2, and 170.9 in G3. An increase in VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 levels may indicate that VEGF-D-dependent processes are intensified along with the dedifferentiation of tumor cells. The lack of VEGF-C expression in endometrial cancer samples may suggest that this tumor is characterized by a different mechanism of metastasis than EMT. Our study emphasizes that when analyzing the metastatic potential of cancer, the expression of more than one factor should be taken into account.

Evaluation of Changes in the Expression Pattern of EDIL3 in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer.

Background: EDIL3 is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a key role in angiogenesis. Changes in the pattern of its expression also affect cellular processes and the tumor microenvironment. Elevated level of EDIL3 is considered an unfavorable prognostic marker of survival.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in EDIL3 expression in endometrial cancer at various degrees of its differentiation (G1-G3) and to discuss its potential role as a molecular diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.Methods: The study group consisted of 45 patients with endometrial cancer: G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13. The control group (C) included 15 patients without neoplastic changes. The expression of EDIL3 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12 PL software (p<0.05).Results: Analysis of EDIL3 expression showed that the average optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 130% of the control, while the values in G2 and G3 were 153% and 158%, respectively. Regardless of the endometrial cancer grade, an increase in EDIL3 level was observed compared to the control.Conclusion: In our study, we demonstrated overexpression of EDIL3 protein in endometrial cancer. Differences in expression between degrees of tumor differentiation suggest the potential of using changes in EDIL3 level as a new complementary diagnostic marker and target for anti-angiogenic therapy.

Calorimetric and computational study of (1H-Indol-n-yl)methanol and 2-(1H-Indol-n-yl)ethanol (n=2, 3)

In the present work, the gas-phase standard molar enthalpy of formation of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanol was derived, at T = 298.15 K, from the enthalpy of combustion for the crystalline compound, measured by static-bomb calorimetry, and its enthalpy of sublimation obtained from Calvet microcalorimetry measurements. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of this compound and for (1H-indol-2-yl)methanol, (1H-indol-3-yl)methanol and 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethanol were calculated using the composite G3 method. The experimental value of the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanol is ‒(48.5 ± 3.3) kJ mol−1, being in excellent agreement with the G3 value, thus giving confidence to the estimates. The results were analysed in terms of the enthalpic methylene increments and compared with other related systems.

Productive Performance, some Rumen Parameters and Blood Profiele of Zaraibi does Fed Rations Containing Sesbania Sesban Seeds a New and High Source of Protein during Late Pregnancy and Suckling Periods

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of using Sesbanialseeds (SS) (treated and untreated) to partially substitute concentrate feed mixture (CFM) protein in rations of pregnant goats during the late pregnancy and suckling periods and its influence on production performance of Zaraibi does and their new born kids. The impact on some metabolic parameters (rumen and blood) as well as economic efficiency was also tested. Twentylfive Zaraibi does inlthe 2th, 3nd and 4th seasonslof lactationl (weighing on averagel35.88 kg) werelused. Thelanimals wereldivided accordinglto theirlbody weightlinto five similarlgroups (5 each), tolstudy effectlof usingl Sesbanialseeds las alsource oflprotein atllevels of 0.0% (G1), 10% (G2) and 20% (G3) from CFM protein. Sesbanialseeds wereltreated (TSS) bylsocking and roasting and used at the same levels (10 and 20%) in G4 and G5, respectively. The obtained results showed that the daily dry matter intake tended to decrease with increasing level of Sesbanialseeds in goats' rations. The same trend wasiobservedlwith treated Sesbanialseeds (TSS). The clear decrease in DM intake as g/h and g/kgw0.75 with increasing level of Sesbanialseeds even after being treatedlmight indicate thatlsome anti-nutrional factors lremained in the seeds. On thelother hand, the daily DMlintake expressedlas BW% and g/kg w 0.75 duringlsuckling periodlwas higherlthan that consumedlduring the latelpregnancy periodlin allltreatments. Thislmay belattributed tolthe increased rumenlsize of thelanimals afterlparturition andlbeing freelof the gravedluterus stresslon thelrumen. Inlthe sametime, thelhighest valuelof waterlconsumption as l/h, ml/kgw0.75andlml/gDM intakelwas recorded with G5 thenlG4;whereas, thellowest valuelwas found in G1. Theleffect of theltested experimental rationslon both pH valueland ammonia-N concentrationslwas notlsignificant withleach samplingltime. Ruminalltotal VFA's concentrations duringlall hourslpost-feedinglwere thelhighest with G4,whilelthe lowestlvalues wereldetected with G3,and the differenceslwere significantlamong intervalslof sampling. Ruminallmicrobial protein waslsignificantly higherlwith G4 then G3 at 2 and 4 hrs. post-feeding. lThe effectlof theltested rations during late pregnancyland sucklinglperiods indicatedlthat mostlhematological parametersltended toldecrease duringlthe lastlpregnancy periodlthen inlsuckling periodland the differenceslwere onlylsignificant in valueslof Hb, RBC's, MCHC ,lymphocytes, and lplatelets. Duringlthe late lpregnancy period, the lconcentrations oflcreatinine and thyroid lhormones significantlylincreased compared withlduring the sucklinglperiod. Calcium, phosphorus and lmanganiseium were lhigher during sucklinglperiods comparedlwithlate periods. Thellive bodylweight (LBW) ofldoes increasedlto the maximumlbefore parturitionland recorded thelhighest values thenlsharply decreased (post-parturition) to thelminimum atlday 90th (weaning) inlall groups. Theldoes givenlSesbanialseeds duringlthe last two monthlof pregnancy gavelborn kids withlheaver weightlat the birthland weaninglthen thoselfed control, thelhighest valueslwere recodedlwith G5,theldifferences werelsignificant. Thelobtained data lshowed that the lstill birth cases lwere noticeable higher in G1lcompared with thelother groups. Thelhighest litter size waslrecorded with G5 andlthe lowestlwith G2, but, G1, G3 and G4 recordedlmedium value. Thelhighest value ofldaily bodylgain (DBG) waslrecorded with G5 followedlby G4, while G1 recorded the lowest. Accordingly, out putlmeasured as kilogramslproduced perldoe was betterlwith G5 followed lby G4 and lastlylthe G1. The obtainedldata indicatedlthat the lmortality cases decreasedlwith increasing Sesbanialseeds level in lgoat's rations. Generally, the leconomic efficiency was limproved with Sesbanialseeds rations lcompared with control. Thislhad a good economic returnlon the herd of Zaraibi goats.

Outcomes for Patients with Pre-Existing Diabetes or Hypertension Treated with Copanlisib from the CHRONOS-1 Study in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma

Outcomes for Patients with Pre-Existing Diabetes or Hypertension Treated with Copanlisib from the CHRONOS-1 Study in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma

Differences in feeding, intestinal mass and metabolites between a thermotolerant strain and commonApostichopus japonicusunder high summer temperature

Two groups of Apostichopus japonicus, a thermotolerant strain (group G3: wet weight, 64.22 ± 13.16 g/ind.), which was selected focusing on the performance of thermo-tolerance through three generations for 10 years, and a control group (group C: wet weight, 62.08 ± 12.01 g/ind.) were collected from July to October in a seawater pond in northern China. Differences in relative faecal mass (RFM), relative intestinal mass (RIM), percentage of individuals with faeces (PIWF) and intestinal metabolites were investigated and compared between the two groups. The temperatures of terminating aestivation of the two groups were assessed according to the values of RFM and RIM. A regression analysis showed that the corresponding group G3 temperatures were 0.56–1.34°C and 0.70–1.49°C higher than those of group C when RFM and RIM were 0.01–0.05 and 0.005–0.025 respectively. The PIWF values in group G3 were 11.5%–21.2% higher than that in group C from 20 July to 22 September. Significant differences at the concentrations of 52 metabolites were detected between the two groups, 36 were higher in group G3 and 16 were higher in group C. The concentrations of threitol, 2-methylglutaric acid, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, lactose, oxoproline, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid and d-glucoheptose were significantly different between groups G3 and C and were considered metabolic markers distinguishing group G3 from group C. Metabolism of A. japonicus in group G3 was more active than that in group C. These results provide new insight for understanding ingestion and intestinal metabolism in the thermotolerant strain of A. japonicus under high summer temperature.

Relationship between Er,Cr:YSGG laser power and surface roughness of lased radicular dentin.

Background: This study sought to assess the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser power on the surface roughness of lased radicular dentin using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods: Fifteen human radicular dentin samples were randomly divided into five groups: one control (G1, intact) and four experimental groups treated with 0.25W (G2), 0.5W (G3), 0.75W (G4) and 1W (G5) powers of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78µm) at a repetition rate of 20 Hz, with a 600-µm-diameter sapphire tip. After irradiation, surface topography was analyzed by AFM using a Si probe in tapping mode. Quantitative information concerning the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and quadratic mean roughness (Rq) was obtained from three 5×5µm areas of each sample. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P<0.05). Results: The Ra and Rq values increased in G2 and G5 and decreased in G3 and G4 groups compared to the control group. The maximum Ra and Rq values were noted in G5, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in G3 (P<0.05). Conclusion: No direct correlation was found between Er,Cr:YSGG laser power and surface roughness of lased radicular dentin. Laser therapy with a mean power of 0.5W and 1W caused the lowest and highest surface roughness, respectively.

A giant negative magnetoresistance effect in an iron tetrabenzoporphyrin complex.

By measuring the electrical resistivity in TPP[FeIII(tbp)(CN)2]2 (TPP = tetraphenylphosphonium and tbp = tetrabenzoporphyrin) under the application of a static magnetic field, a giant negative magnetoresistance (MR) effect with high anisotropy is observed. More specifically, the MR ratio at 13 K under a field of 9 T perpendicular to the c axis is -70%, whereas the MR ratio under a field parallel to the c axis is -40%. Furthermore, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements indicate large anisotropy in the principal g-values of d spin (S = 1/2) in the [FeIII(tbp)(CN)2] unit; the g1 value almost perpendicular to the tbp plane and the g2 and g3 values almost parallel to the tbp plane are 3.60, 1.24, and 0.39, respectively. It is revealed that the anisotropy in the MR effect arises from the anisotropy in the d spin, suggesting that the d spins in TPP[FeIII(tbp)(CN)2]2 affect the π-conduction electron via the intramolecular π-d interaction. The anisotropy and magnitude in the giant negative MR effect for TPP[FeIII(tbp)(CN)2]2 are smaller than the corresponding values for the isostructural phthalocyanine (Pc) analogue TPP[FeIII(Pc)(CN)2]2. This is consistent with the fact that the intermolecular antiferromagnetic d-d interaction in TPP[FeIII(tbp)(CN)2]2 (suggested by the Weiss temperature: Θ = -8.0 K) is weaker than that in TPP[FeIII(Pc)(CN)2]2 (Θ = -12.3 K). This indicates that the minor modification in coordination complexes can significantly affect the MR effect via tuning the intermolecular d-d interaction as well as the intermolecular π-π overlap.

Prospective PET image quality gain calculation method by optimizing detector parameters.

Lutetium-based scintillators with high-performance electronics introduced time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction in the clinical setting. Let G' be the total signal to noise ratio gain in a reconstructed image using the TOF kernel compared with conventional reconstruction modes. G' is then the product of G1 gain arising from the reconstruction process itself and (n-1) other gain factors (G2, G3, … Gn) arising from the inherent properties of the detector. We calculated G2 and G3 gains resulting from the optimization of the coincidence and energy window width for prompts and singles, respectively. Both quantitative and image-based validated Monte Carlo models of Lu2SiO5 (LSO) TOF-permitting and Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) TOF-nonpermitting detectors were used for the calculations. G2 and G3 values were 1.05 and 1.08 for the BGO detector and G3 was 1.07 for the LSO. A value of almost unity for G2 of the LSO detector indicated a nonsignificant optimization by altering the energy window setting. G' was found to be ∼1.4 times higher for the TOF-permitting detector after reconstruction and optimization of the coincidence and energy windows. The method described could potentially predict image noise variations by altering detector acquisition parameters. It could also further contribute toward a long-lasting debate related to cost-efficiency issues of TOF scanners versus the non-TOF ones. Some vendors re-engage nowadays to non-TOF product line designs in an effort to reduce crystal costs. Therefore, exploring the limits of image quality gain by altering the parameters of these detectors remains a topical issue.