G1 Control Group Research Articles

Evaluation of the Immunological and Hematological parameters of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Iraqi Women

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease involving several systems, mainly affects young adult women, and causes a significant deterioration in quality of life. Different environmental aspects are known to facilitate the development of lupus in predisposed individuals. Hemoglobin concentration (HB), granulocyte level, hemoglobin level, saturation (ESR), and platelets (PLT) were among the clinical blood indicators that were found to be associated with the beginning of SLE in adults and teenagers. Blood PLT levels in both SLE patients were significantly lower than in the G1 control group (P< 0.001). When compared to the control group, G1, the two SLE patient groups (G2 & G3) had noticeably higher ESRs (P < 0.01). The study employed many immunological markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), antinuclear antibody (ANA), Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA), complement components C3 and C4 levels. Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in G2 and G3 SLE patients (P<0.001) than in the G1 control group. Research revealed that two SLE patient groups (G2 & G3) had blood levels of ANA and Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) that were considerably higher than those of the control group (G1).

Effects of orthodontic wax and ora-aid on pain and discomfort at the beginning of orthodontic treatment.

Wounds may occur in the mouth during orthodontic treatment. Orthodontists use a variety of substances to eliminate the irritation. This randomized clinical trial aimed to examine the effect of orthodontic wax and ora-aid material on wound healing, the duration of staying in the mouth, and the effect on pain and to evaluate the effect on the patient's quality of life. The study included two hundred forty patients aged 11-14 years. At the end of 1 week, patients with no wound were determined as the control group G1(n:65), patients using Ormco orthodontic wax as G2(n:86), and patients using Ora-aid as G3(n:89). The patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire given to them five times in total, as T0 when the wound occurred, T1 after 24h, T2 after 48h, T3 after 96h, and T4 after 168h. The study's results demonstrated no significant differences in the level of pain between males and females. For all post-baseline time points, the Ora aid group had a lower VAS for pain when compared with the Ormco orthodontic wax group (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that ora-aid effectively reduces the mucosal discomfort associated with orthodontic appliances, and this product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment. This product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment.

The effect of melatonin and probiotics on radiation-induced enteritis in experimental rat models

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of tumors, and enteritis is a common side effect of this therapy. The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin and probiotics on radiation-induced intestinal tissue damage in rats. Histopathological, biochemical and microbiological samples were examined. Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were randomly distributed into four groups: the control group, only radiotherapy (RT) group, radiotherapy plus melatonin (RT + MEL) groups and radiotherapy plus probiotics (RT + PROB) groups. The abdominal-pelvic region of the experimental rat was irradiated with in a single dose of 16 Gy. The melatonin was administered at a single dose of 50 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection, 15 min before radiation exposure. The probiotic was administered orally every day to the rats for 5 days starting before radiotherapy. There was a statistically significant changes in histopathological (villus atrophy, mitotic activity, apoptotic index, goblet cell swelling, degenerative changes, atypia) and biochemical (oxidant and antioxidant status, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF- α levels) parameters in the small intestine in the radiotherapy group G2 compared to the G1 control group (p < 0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed with the administration of probiotics and melatonin (p < 0.05). In addition, although positive bacterial growth was detected in the mesenteric lymph node of all rats in the radiotherapy group, there was no statistically significant difference between all groups (p > 0.05). Melatonin and probiotics were found to have a potent radioprotective effect against radiotherapy-induced acute small intestinal tissue damage. However, their superiority over each other was not observed.

Euphorbia resinifera propolis administration improves memory ability in high fructose treated rats

Propolis, a substance crafted from plant resin by honeybees, serves to maintain a hygienic environment within their hives and has been linked to improved cognitive function due to its antioxidant properties. This study aims to assess the influence of high fructose (HF) during prepuberty and adolescence and the Euphorbia resinifera propolis supplementation on memory in adult rats. 24 Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 8 rats. G1 control group, don’t receive any treatment; G2: F, group subjected to high fructose (23%) for 6 weeks and G3; F-MEP received fructose duringsix weeks and after received a 15-day treatment of 200mg/kg/day of Euphorbia resinifera propolis methanolic extract of (F-MEP). High fructose administration during prepuberty and adolescence resulted in long-term memory loss and impaired working memory in adult rats. Euphorbia resinifera propolis supplementation significantly increased the recognition index (p &lt; 0.01) compared to the group F, and was able to protect against this effect on F-induced memory (p &lt; 0.01) by a decrease in the synthesis of attacking factors and/or an increase in the production of protective factors. These findings suggest that propolis extract, with its antioxidant compounds, improves memory performance and justifies its use in traditional medicine by the Moroccan population. Euphorbia resinifera propolis supplement could serve as a therapeutic agent for memory disorders caused by fructose feeding.

The assessment of zeolite addition to diets with or without urea on some productive and physiological indicators in Awassi lambs

BackgroundInterest is growing in the search for alternatives to traditional feed additives, so this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding zeolite to the concentrate diets of Awassi lambs with or without urea on growth performance, nutrient digestion, and health status. A total of 45 Awassi lambs similar in weight (24 ± 2 kg) and age (3 months ± 4 days) were divided into three groups: the first group (G1) fed on a concentrate diet supplemented with 1% urea; the second group (G2) fed on the concentrate diet supplemented with 1% urea and 3% zeolite, and the third group (G3) fed on a urea-free diet supplemented with 3% zeolite.ResultsThe results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in final live weight, daily and total weight gain for group G2 compared to groups G1and G3, with a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05) of group G3 over the control group G1. Significant improvement (P < 0.05) was also observed in feed consumption and feed conversion ratio in diets supplemented with zeolite for groups G2 and G3 compared to the control group G1. Additionally, there was a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in nutrient digestion and nutritional value in the diet of group G2 containing urea with added zeolite compared to groups G1 and G3. Zeolite did not affect the levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and albumin in the blood, but a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in total blood protein level and a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in blood urea level were noted for groups G2 and G3 compared to the control group G1.ConclusionsAdding zeolite to urea-containing concentrate diets improved growth rates and nutrient digestion, of Awassi lambs. In diets without urea, zeolite improved growth rates without affecting nutrient digestion coefficients, in both types of diets, zeolite increased total protein levels and decreased blood urea levels, with all physiological indicators in lambs blood remaining within normal limits.

Duddingtonia flagrans and its crude proteolytic extract: concomitant action in sheep coprocultures.

The presence of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites in pastures directly contributes to the constant recurrence of infections in ruminant herds. This study aimed to evaluate the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) (proteolytic crude extract and/or conidia) in the in vitro control of GIN L3 in coprocultures. To produce the proteolytic crude extract, a suspension (107 conidia/mL) of D. flagrans was inoculated into a liquid medium. After 6days, the medium was filtered, centrifuged, and its proteolytic activity was measured. For the experimental assay, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectal ampulla of naturally infected sheep, and egg counts per gram of feces (EPG) were performed. Coprocultures were prepared using 10g of fecal material with the groups defined as follows: control group G1 (1.0mL of denatured proteolytic crude extract); treated group G2 (1.0mL of active proteolytic crude extract); treated group G3 (1.0mL of active proteolytic crude extract + 1.0mL of AC001 conidia). The coprocultures were maintained at room temperature (25ºC), for 7days, and then the L3 larvae were recovered. The results demonstrated that AC001 successfully produced protease (56.34 U/mL). The treatments with active proteolytic crude extract (G2) and active proteolytic crude extract + AC001 conidia (G3) were significantly different (p < 0.01) from the control group with denatured proteolytic crude extract (G1). AC001 and its proteolytic crude extract acted concomitantly on helminths directly in the fecal environment, suggesting potential future applications in the field.

Effects of immersing Japanese quail eggs in various doses of riboflavin on reproductive, growth performance traits, blood indices and economics

This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of immersion (IM) riboflavin treatment on the hatchability, production efficiency, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. A total of 260 eggs of Japanese quail birds were used for hatching and were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates (13 eggs/replicate) in a fully randomized design. Hatching eggs were immersed in riboflavin for 2 min before incubation. The experiment treatments were designed as follows: G1 control group with no treatment, G2 treated with 3 g/L vit. B2 (IM), G3 treated with 4 g/L vit. B2 (IM) and G4 were treated with 5 g/L vit. B2 (IM). After hatching, 128 Japanese quail chicks, aged 7 d, were randomly grouped into 4 treatment groups, with 32 birds in each group. When quails were given vitamin B2 via immersion, they demonstrated significant enhancements in live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio at different stages compared to the control group. Compared to control and other groups, the carcass parameters of Japanese quails given a 4 g/L immersion solution showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05). Hatchability and fertility (%) were considerably raised by Vit.B2 treatments of 3, 4, and 5g; the group immersed in 5 g/L had the highest percentages compared to the other groups. Furthermore, treated chickens with all concentrations of vitamin B2 had significantly higher blood indices than the controls. During the exploratory phase (1-6 wk) of age, the highest returns were reported in G4 treated with 5g/L vit. B2 (IM). Treating Japanese quail eggs with different dosages of vitamin B2 by immersion may be recommended to improve their productive and reproductive performance, blood indices, carcass traits, and economic efficiency.

Histopathological Study of Kidney and Liver of Rats after Induction of Poisoning by Nitrate

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of nitrate as a calcium appearance on the hepatic and renal histology. Iraqi fertilizer firm in supplied the calcium nitrate tetrahydrate was used in this study. Twenty-four male albino wistar rats weighing 220 ± 25 g were kept under conditions of natural photoperiod, humidity 50±10%, and temperature 25±2° C. These were divided into 3 groups: G1 control group, G2 received 200 mg/kg, G3 received 400 mg/kg. Rats were administered calcium nitrates orally for thirty days after the salts were dissolved in mineral water. Animals were then sacrificed by being beheaded in the neck region. Organs such as the kidneys and liver were taken for histological analysis. Liver and kidney samples were taken from rats that were given varying amounts of calcium nitrate for a duration of 30 days. The liver sections showed regular histological architecture with hexagonal lobules and visible capillary sinusoids. The livers of the 200 mg/kg group showed mild histological damage, while the 400 mg/kg doses showed significant vascular dilatation, congestion, hepatocyte degeneration, bleeding, and lipid vacuolation. The kidneys showed severe histopathological changes, including glomerular atrophy, intra-glomerular hemorrhage, and vascular congestion, compared to the G2 which showed mild renal lesions. In conclusion, nitrate induced significant alterations in the kidneys and liver architecture that were dose-dependent. Finally, greater dosages of calcium nitrate used excessively might be harmful to humans and other mammals.

The impact of dietary probiotic supplementation on welfare and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The usage of commercial probiotic products as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in fish culture is initiated to be a potential factor for Nile tilapia fish's welfare and growth. The purpose of the current study is to show the influence of commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) dietary supplementation at different levels on Nile tilapia welfare and growth. Apparently healthy fingerlings of Nile Tilapia with a total number of 120 with an average initial weight (26.2 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four groups (each group had 30 fingerlings). The first group (G1) was given a basal diet without additional probiotics, while other groups [second group (G2), the third group (G3), and the fourth group (G4)] were given basal diets supplemented with different levels of commercial probiotics (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g of probiotics per kilogram of diet), respectively (15 fish in each sub group as replicate), in eight glass aquaria (30 × 40 × 100 cm) for 2 months as an experimental period. The results revealed that the probiotic-treated groups especially G4 (3 g probiotics/kg diet) showed a marked increase in the following behavioral patterns such as feeding and swimming behaviors, while G2 (1 g probiotic/kg diet) had an increase in the foraging behavior compared with G1 control group. While surfacing, body care, and aggressive behaviors with all patterns were the highest in the control group (G1) than all probiotics-treated groups. The crossing test showed that fish rose in the probiotic-treated groups (G3 and G4) were more active and could achieve the highest growth rates. While water quality was better in G4 (3 g probiotic /kg diet) than in other groups. Moreover, G4 (3 g probiotic/kg diet) showed a marked increase in all serum biochemical parameters than the control group (G1). The current study proved that the best level of commercial probiotics (B. amyloliquefaciens) was (3 g probiotic/kg diet) for achieving optimal Nile tilapia fingerlings' growth performance under these experimental conditions. Finally, this work confirms the significance of the addition of probiotics as a feed additive to enhance both growth performance and immunity response, improve water quality, and achieve the welfare of Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Protective effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived secretome on dermonecrosis induced in rabbits by Loxosceles intermedia spider venom.

Loxoscelism refers to a set of clinical manifestations caused by the bite of spiders from the Loxosceles genus. The classic clinical symptoms are characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction at the bite site followed by local necrosis and can be classified as cutaneous loxoscelism. This cutaneous form presents difficult healing, and the proposed treatments are not specific or effective. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome on dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles intermedia spider venom in rabbits. Sixteen rabbits were distributed into four groups (n = 4). Except for group 1 (G1), which received only PBS, the other three groups (G2, G3, and G4) were initially challenged with 10 μg of L. intermedia venom, diluted in 100 μL of NaCl 0.9%, by intradermic injection in the interscapular region. Thirty minutes after the challenge all groups were treated with secretome, except for group 2. Group 1 (G1-control group) received intradermal injection (ID) of 60 μg of secretome in 0.15 M PBS; Group 2 (G2) received 0.9% NaCl via ID; Group 3 (G3) received 60 μg of secretome, via ID and Group 4 (G4), received 60 μg of secretome by intravenous route. Rabbits were evaluated daily and after 15 days were euthanized, necropsied and skin samples around the necrotic lesions were collected for histological analysis. Rabbits of G1 did not present edema, erythema, hemorrhagic halo, or necrosis. In animals from G2, G3, and G4, edema appeared after 6h. However, minor edema was observed in the animals of G2 and G3. Hemorrhagic halo was observed in animals, six hours and three days after, on G2, G3, and G4. Macroscopically, in G4, only one animal out of four had a lesion that evolved into a dermonecrotic wound. No changes were observed in the skin of the animals of G1, by microscopic evaluation. All animals challenged with L. intermedia venom showed similar alterations, such as necrosis and heterophilic infiltration. However, animals from G4 showed fibroblast activation, early development of connective tissue, neovascularization, and tissue re-epithelialization, indicating a more prominent healing process. These results suggest that secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a xeno-free and human component-free culture media can be promising to treat dermonecrosis caused after Loxosceles spiders bite envenoming.

Pathological and biochemical evaluation of radish microgreen on diabetes and aflatoxicosis in rats

Diabetes mellitus type 2 remains one of the common diseases nowadays. Several risk factors can be implicated like increased environmental pollution. This study is aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of aflatoxin on diabetes mellitus and possible protection using natural food like radish microgreen (RM). Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: G1 control group, G2 RM group, G3 aflatoxin group, G4 aflatoxin-RM group, G5 diabetic group, G6 diabetic RM group, G7 diabetic–aflatoxin group, G8 diabetic, aflatoxin, RM group. Phytane and citronellyl tiglate were the main phytochemicals present in RM. The glucose and insulin levels were the worst in G5 and G7 groups. RM feeding restored glucose level to normal but did not alter insulin level. Insulin resistance was decreased, and insulin sensitivity was increased in groups fed RM. Liver and kidney function parameters and LDH activity were improved in groups fed RM. Histopathology of the pancreas and immunohistochemistry of insulin in pancreatic islets was improved in groups fed RM. In RM fed groups, the MDA content was decreased, whereas GSH content and antioxidant enzymes activity were increased. In conclusion, feeding RM in diabetic and/or aflatoxicated groups improved all evaluated parameters which could be due to its antioxidant potential.

Study of the histopathological and hematological changes due to dimtethoate toxicity in rabbis

The dimethoate is considered as one of most important organophosphorus pesticides that vastly used in agriculture in many countries especially in Iraq which caused different diseases in plants, animals and man. In present study we investigated the histopathological and hematological changes in rabbits resulting from chronic dimethoate intoxication. The treated groups (G2, G3 and G4) received dimethoate orally (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of B.W.) respectively for two months while the control group (G1) was given water for the same period. The hematological results showed significant decrease in red blood cells counts and hemoglobin values (P&lt; 0.05) in treated groups especially G3 and G4 compared to G1 control group. While the total W.B.Cs counts showed variables values without significant differences between treated groups and control group. The histopathological lesions in organs are dose concerning and include mild hepatocellular degeneration and hepatic necrosis ,hemorrhage with extensive periportal fibrosis, chronic inflammatory cells infiltrations mainly lymphocytes and macrophages in addition to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and biliary hyperplasia with cholangitis occurred only with toxic doses of dimethoate especially G4, also there degenerative changes and necrosis in kidney and heart, hemosiderosis and hemorrhage with lymphoid depletion in spleen , In brain, there is extensive demyelination and perineruonal edema and perivascular leukocytes cuffing and extensive focal gliosis and the lungs showed congestion with thickened alveolar walls because of slight infiltrations of inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes and macrophages also there is severe pulmonary hemorrhage and edema with severe emphysematous area and atelectasis in pulmonary tissue. It was concluded that dimethoate induces different histopathological lesions in different organs in rabbits especially in liver which causes hepatocellular degeneration, biliary hyperplasia and cholangitis with hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis and causes significant decrease in red blood cells counts and hemoglobin values in treated groups compared to the control.

Importance of the reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent in the exclusion of latent iron deficiency.

Iron deficiency is an underdiagnosed public health problem, especially in developing countries, that can conceal serious underlying illnesses. Early diagnosis and treatment of latent iron deficiency (LID) is crucial. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He), was reported to be a cost-effective tool that reflects the iron availability at erythropoiesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the RET-He in the exclusion of LID. Transversal study was carried out in the laboratory of clinical biology of Ben Arous regional hospital, it included volunteers in apparently good health. We performed a complete blood count and a serum ferritin assay. Participants with normal hemoglobin were divided into two groups: Control group G1: normal ferritin (≥15ng/mL)/LID group G2: low ferritin (<15ng/mL). We compared the blood count parameters of the two groups. We selected 108 participants (G1: 88 (81.5%), G2: 20 (18.5%)), mean age =36 years, gender-ratio =0.92. We noted, in G2, significantly lower rates for hemoglobin Hb (p <0.001), hematocrit (p <0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH (p =0.026), reticulocyte count (p =0.039) and RET-He (p <0.001) and significantly higher rate for RDW/CV (p =0.009). RET-He averages were 29.1pg in G2 and 31.1pg in G1. In multivariate analysis, only RET-He showed a significant difference between the two groups. Area under the curve was 0.872, the cutoff =30.9 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 61%, PPV 37%, NPV 100%). RET-He is an accessible and affordable parameter of the iron status, with an excellent NPV. It would be interesting to evaluate our results on a larger sample to define reference values in our population.

Histopathological, biochemical and molecular studies on a model of systemic autoimmune disease induced by sodium silicate in non-genetically prone rats

Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) is an inorganic silica salt used in many products. Few studies reported autoimmune diseases (AIDs) due to Na2SiO3 exposure. This study investigates the role of Na2SiO3 exposure by different routes and doses in AID development in rats. We assigned 40 female rats to four groups: G1 control group, G2 rats were subcutaneously injected with 5 mg Na2SiO3 suspension, and G3 and G4 rats were orally administered 5 mg and 7 mg Na2SiO3 suspension, respectively. Na2SiO3 was administered weekly for 20 weeks. Serum anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) detection, histopathology of kidney, brain, lung, liver, and heart, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and GSH) in tissues, Matrix metalloproteinase activity in serum, TNF-α, and Bcl-2 expression in tissues were performed. ANA was significantly increased in silicate groups, especially G2. Creatinine was significantly increased in silicate groups. Histopathology revealed vasculitis and fibrinoid degeneration of blood vessels, a picture of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis in the kidneys, and chronic interstitial pneumonia with medial hypertrophy of pulmonary blood vessels. The activity of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and collagenase (MMP-13), which play role in inflammation, remodeling, and immune complex degradation, were significantly increased in the silicate-exposed groups. Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, indicating apoptosis. Therefore, oral administration and subcutaneous injection of Na2SiO3 induced immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with elevated ANA levels and overexpression of TNF-α in rats.

The effect of Mentha piperita oil in improving serotonin level, physiological factors, antioxidants and fertility markers in male rabbits on opioid oxycodone withdrawal

Introduction and Aim: Medicinal plants have shown to be effective in treatment of different stages of addiction with lower side effects, including reducing the severity of withdrawal symptoms that occur when an opioid-dependent patient stops using opioids. The current study aimed to evaluate the effective role of Mentha piperita oil on alleviating the symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which it does so. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five healthy male rabbits divided into 5 groups (G1-G5) consisting of 5 rabbits each. The groups were divided as follows: G1-Control Group: G2-Oxycodone: G3-Oxycodone withdrawal: G4-Oxycodone withdrawal + M. piperita: G5-Oxycodone withdrawal +M. piperita. Blood was drawn from each animal and the serum obtained was analyzed for physiological (cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, CRP and T, LH levels), antioxidant parameters (LDH, SOD, GSH and MDA) and sperm activity. Results: This study found statistically significant changes in most variables. G2 rabbits had higher serotonin and dopamine levels, higher body weight, and lower cortisol and CRP levels than the healthy control group G1. Sperm activity, efficacy, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde did not alter across generations (G2 and G1). Group 3 showed that oxycodone withdrawal negatively affected dopamine, testosterone, LH, SOD, GSH, and sperm activity with weight, compared to Groups 1 and 2. Without therapy, rabbits in G3 with fast withdrawal had considerably higher cortisol, CRP, LDH, and MDA than G2 and G1. Serotonin level decreased in G3 compared with G1 and G2. An improvement in most of the studied variables, stress factors and antioxidants, as well as fertility indicators in the G4 and G5 improved gradually depending on period of treatment with M. piperita. Conclusion: M. piperita being rich in antioxidants can be adopted as one of the natural plant-based compound in patients undergoing oxycodone addiction withdrawal.

Protective Effects of Vitamin D3 on Male Rat’s Hepatic Cell Injured by Diclofenac, A Histopathological Study

This experiment aimed to study the protective effects of vitamin D3 on hepatic cells injured by Diclofenac. Twenty-one male rats, 8 to 12 weeks of age and in weight from 180 to 220 grams, were housed in a standard, pathogen-free environment in the “College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah,” given unrestricted access to standard rat water and food. Then the rats were divided into 3 groups (each group containing 7 rats): G1 control group (IM injection of distill water for 7 days), G2 Diclofenac only (7-day course of a 10 mg/kg IM injection of diclofenac), G3 received intramuscular injections of VD3 three times per week at a dose of 1000 IU/Kg, then a 7-day course of a 10 mg/kg IM injection of diclofenac. Liver histological sections of the normal control (G1) showed no histopathological changes, while the histopathological sections of the liver of G2 exhibit hydropic degeneration, blood vessels congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration, Liver sections of G3 presented blood vessels congestion and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. This study concluded that VD3 can decrease the liver damage caused by diclofenac

MMP-1, UCH-L1, and 20S Proteasome as Potential Biomarkers Supporting the Diagnosis of Brain Glioma.

The diagnosis of brain gliomas is mainly based on imaging methods. The gold standard in this area is MRI. Recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gliomas are periodically modified and updated. One of the diagnostic techniques used when a brain glioma is suspected is liquid biopsy. However, this technique requires further development to confirm its effectiveness. This paper presents a proposal of three potential biomarkers of brain gliomas—extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and the 20S proteasome—which were quantified in blood plasma using SPRi biosensors. A statistical analysis of the results indicated no significant changes in the concentrations between the control group (K) and grades G1 and G2, and similarly between grades G3 and G4. However, the differences in the concentrations between the groups K/G1/G2 and G3/G4 were statistically significant. A positive average correlation was found between the concentrations of the proteins and the patient’s age. The individual tested proteins were also highly correlated with each other. Our work proposes a new diagnostic technique that may aid in the diagnosis of brain gliomas.

The Effect of Rutin on some of the Cardiac Biomarkers in White Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Rutin on some physiological parameters related to the heart in male white rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. The study included 48 adult male white rats, their weights ranged from (220-280) g, and their ages ranged between (8-12) weeks. The rats were randomly distributed into six groups of 8 rats for each group, and as follows: The first group, group 1, was considered a negative control group G1 that was supplied with water and the diet for the duration of the experiment which amounted to 30 days and the second group, group 2, was considered a positive control group that was given drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% by means of special drinking bottles and the diet for 30 days, the third group G3 was orally dosed with Rutin at a concentration of 60 mg/kg of body weight in addition to drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 30 days . The fourth group G4 also dosed orally with a solution of Rutin at a concentration of 30 mg/kg bw in addition to drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 30 days. fifth group G5 dosed orally with a Rutin only at a concentration of 30 mg / kg bw for 30 days. the sixth group G6 was also dosed orally with Rutin only at a concentration of 30 mg / kg bw for30 days. After the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized then blood was drawn from the heart directly for the purpose of obtaining serum to measure the level of Troponin, LDH, CK-MB and Myoglobin. The results showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in the level of Troponin, LDH and Ck-MB in the positive group compared to the negative control group, while a significant decrease in the levels of these enzymes was observed in the third and fourth groups compared to the positive control group, while in the two groups The fifth and sixth recorded a significant decrease compared to the positive control group. After obtaining these results, it became clear that Rutin compound has a positive effect in preventing oxidative stress and heart muscle damage. Keywords: Rutin, hydrogen peroxide, Rats.

Evaluation of the effects of different hemostatic agent applications on mental nerve.

Evaluating the effect of ABS (Ankaferd Blood Stopper®), Tranexamic Acid (Transamin®) and Thrombin-Containing Hemostatic Matrix (Floseal®) on the mental nerve of rats by using histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. 40 Wistar Albino rats were used. Rats were randomly selected into 4 groups as Control (G1), ABS (G2), Tranexamic Acid (G3) and Thrombin-Containing Hemostatic Matrix (G4). In the control group G1, the left mental nerve was exposed and 0.3ml of sterile saline was applied for 5min, then closed with suture. In the other three groups, the left mental nerve was exposed and 0.3ml ABS, Tranexamic Acid and Floseal was applied to groups, respectively. After 5 min, wounds were closed with suture. Immunohistochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed on mental nerves after 28days. The total histopathologic and immunohistochemical semiquantitative scores were significantly higher in ABS (G2) compared to Control (G1), Tranexamic Acid (G3) and Thrombin-Containing Hemostatic Matrix (G4) (P < 0.05). Myelin thickness were significantly lower in G2 compared to G1, G2 and G3 (P < 0.05). G3 has the most reliable results compared to G2 and G4 (P < 0.05). The study results suggest that ABS has neurotoxic effects and should not be used close to the nerve, and thrombin-containing hemostatic matrix should be used carefully. Tranexamic acid, on the other hand, was found to be the most reliable hemostatic agent for use in close proximity to neural tissues. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of the hemostatic agents on peripheral nerve degeneration.

Comparative study of the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract and nanocomplex on some immunological and physiological parameters before and after MTX treatment loading

The current study aimed to know the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum and the free Cinnamon nanocomplex loaded with MTX treatment to reduce the effect of arthritis induced with Complete Freunds (CFA Adjuvant) in male albino rats by studying some changes in immunological and histological parameters. Atomic force microscope (AFM) revealed the appearance of changes in the surface of nanocomposites loaded with treatment. The immunological results indicated that the induction of rheumatoid arthritis (RF) in male white G2 rats led to a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in the level of IL-8 cytokine concentrations 86.31 pg/ml compared with the negative control group at 24.41 pg/ml. There was also a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the level of IL-8 concentration in the G7 group dosed with cinnamon nanocomplex loaded with MTX treatment pg/ml (37.45) and the results of histological parameters showed that there was a significant increase in white blood cells in the positive control group G2 (14.00) compared to With the negative control group G1 (5.433), while in the group G7 there was a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) (9.433).