The teaching buildings in colleges and universities are crowded and prone to accidents. The emergency evacuation capability of these buildings is evaluated by applying the methods of fault tree, entropy weight-logarithmic fuzzy multiobjective programming (E-LFMP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. An index system was constructed using the basic event structure importance of the accident tree, and the influencing factors were more systematic. In order to improve the objectivity and rationality of the evaluation process and results, this study combines the entropy weight method and multi-objective fuzzy logarithmic programming (LFMP) method to form the entropy weight-logarithmic fuzzy multiobjective programming. Consequently, the weights of different levels of index factors were analyzed and calculated, and more comprehensive content was considered. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the emergency evacuation ability of a teaching building. The maximum membership degree is 0.4025, and the corresponding grade is “general”, indicating that its emergency evacuation ability must be improved. Based on the weight ratio and grade results of indicators in the evaluation model of emergency evacuation capability, safety rectification measures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of improving information systems, widening evacuation channels and strengthening safety channel maintenance.