Fuzhou City Research Articles

Exploring Urban Green Space Optimization of the Urban Walking Life Circle in Fuzhou, China.

The spatial distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) is closely related to the health of residents and the ecological pattern of cities. Exploring the equity of UGSs plays an important role in urban planning and also provides guidance for urban development. Taking the main urban area of Fuzhou City as an example, this study uses network big data and census data to pinpoint the population demand, evaluates the accessibility and equity of UGS within the basic living circle, neighborhood living circle and daily living circle of residents at the scale of residential and sub-districts. Based on the G2SFCA model, we also quantify the actual effective UGS's service capacity. Then, using the scale and travel range as the entry point, we further discuss the similarities and differences under different scales and different travel ranges. Finally, optimization strategies are proposed for the construction status. The results show that: (1) The spatial allocation of urban green space resources varies significantly, and there is a serious inequity in the spatial distribution of urban green space under pedestrian conditions; (2) The results of UGS accessibility, equity, and service capacity in Fuzhou at both residential and sub-district scales are consistent; (3) Urban construction should be multi-level overall planning, combined with local economic and social development factors in accordance with local conditions to take measures. The results of the study can provide a scientific reference for the optimization of the spatial distribution of UGS.

Application of empirical teaching activities in children's aesthetic education: A case study of a kindergarten in Fuzhou City

Application of empirical teaching activities in children's aesthetic education: A case study of a kindergarten in Fuzhou City

Predicting Fuzhou City’s Fiscal Revenue Based on RF-GM(1,1)-BP Model

Predicting Fuzhou City’s Fiscal Revenue Based on RF-GM(1,1)-BP Model

A cross-sectional analysis of registry data of severe mental disorders in Fuzhou, China: current status and prospects

ObjectiveTo investigate the proportion of registered cases relative to size, distribution characteristics, medication status, and management status of patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders (SMD) in Fuzhou. The medication status and management status were compared between patients in urban and non-urban areas to provide scientific evidence for improving SMD care, control, and treatment in primary health care institutions.MethodsData (case types, demographic data, distribution data, medication status, and management status, etc.) of patients diagnosed with SMD in 12 districts, counties, and prefectures in the urban and non-urban areas of Fuzhou City were collected from October 2017 to September 2018. Three distributions (population, local, and districts/counties) were used to describe the proportion of registered cases relative to size and clinical characteristics of diagnosed SMD. Chi squared (χ2) test was used to compare the severity in urban and non-urban areas.ResultsA total of 30,362 registered SMD patients were identified in Fuzhou City of which schizophrenia accounted for the highest number of cases (26,204, 86.31%), and paranoid psychosis had the least number of cases (47, 0.15%). Moreover, approximately half of SMD patients were 18 to 44 years old (45.38%). Close to one third of patients were farmers (30.23%), had a primary school or lower education level (54.17%), were poor, with most below the poverty line (55.35%). The proportion of diagnosed SMD relative to size was highest in Minqing County (0.53%) and lowest in Mawei District (0.38%). A total of 22,989 (75.72%) of the patients were taking medications, and only 17,509 (57.67%) were taking medications regularly. Moreover, the percentage of cases taking medications and those taking medications regularly were higher in urban areas than in non-urban areas (P<0.05). A total of 3065 patients were registered for management (10.09%). The managed proportion of SMD cases was higher in the urban areas than in the non-urban areas (P < 0.05).ConclusionSchizophrenia is a key disease for comprehensive care and control of severe mental disorders in Fuzhou. The management of severe mental disorders should focus on poor groups with low educational backgrounds. Drug usage and management are better in urban areas than in non-urban areas, and thus management should be enhanced in non-urban areas. The medication management and case management of patients with severe mental disorders in Fuzhou need further improvements.

Human reliability assessment on building construction work at height: The case of scaffolding work

The hybrid approach of CREAM (cognitive reliability and error analysis method), fuzzy theory and Bayesian network (BN) was constructed to analyze the reliability of scaffolding operators in this work. A construction site in Fuzhou City (Fujian Province, China) was targeted as an example. Firstly, seven operational and five cognitive subtasks were developed by the characteristics of scaffolding operations. Then, the relational network of the common performance conditions (CPCs) was determined by a BN. Expert evaluation can obtain a priori probabilities. Fuzzy languages were transformed into conditional probabilities by fuzzy theory. The probability distribution of the control model can be determined based on the relational network. Secondly, the human error probabilities (HEPs) of the operational subtasks were calculated based on the center of the area (COA). Based on the influence of the operational subtask on the cognitive subtask, the HEPs of the cognitive subtasks were calculated with BNs. Finally, the total HEP of the scaffolding operation was identified using a series–parallel hybrid structure. The results show that the total HEP of the scaffolding operation at this construction site is 4.30E-03. The scaffolding dismantling and supervisory inspection have a significant impact on human error. Also, site management should strengthen training and education on work methods. This method can provide a new idea for human reliability analysis, as well as a new perspective for the safety of work at height.

Spatio-temporal evolution analysis of spatial form in Nanfeng based on spatial syntax

ABSTRACT Urban space is the carrier of human social life, and its form plays an important role in urban development. We here employ space syntax model to analyse the urban morphology of Nanfeng in the city of Fuzhou, China during five time periods: the late Qing Dynasty, 1960, 2004, 2014, and 2021. Results show that the spatial form of Nanfeng has gone through three stages: concentrated development, axial development, and decentralized development. The spatial development of Nanfeng is concentrated in the south and dispersed in the north. The direction of the urban spatial form is consistent with the development direction of the integrated core centre, and the transfer of the urban center is synchronized with the evolution of the spatial form. The ancient city is centred on a ‘cross’ street structure with a relatively dense and complex internal spatial texture, and the overall space of the new city is sparse and has a grid-like form. Here, we reveal the development patterns of urban spatial forms under urbanization, and provide guidance for the protection of ancient cities and the sustainable development of new cities as well as for urban spatial optimization.

Remote sensing-based assessment of ecosystem health by optimizing vigor-organization-resilience model: A case study in Fuzhou City, China

Although remote sensing technology has been used to evaluate regional ecosystem health for a long time, it is still necessary to find a suitable index system to better evaluate ecosystem health. This study aims to improve the ecosystem health measurement ability of remote sensing technology. This research was carried out in Fuzhou under the traditional Vigor-Organization-Resilience (VOR) framework by optimizing and improving the construction method of sub-indexes. Sub-indexes were constructed using spectral index analysis, landscape theoretical ecology model and spatial measurement. Three remote sensing datasets were used (1996, 2008 and 2021) to carry out remote sensing diagnosis of regional ecosystem health in the Fuzhou administrative region. The main research findings and conclusions were as follows. A new comprehensive vigor index (CVI) was developed by the principal component analysis (PCA) based on the four indicators: fractional vegetation cover (FVC), global vegetation moisture index (GVMI), vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI), normalized differential build-up and bare soil index (NDBSI). A new organizational index was constructed based on the landscape index. Four types of indexes, namely landscape heterogeneity (LH), landscape connectivity (LC), the shape characteristics of forest patches (CS) and the connectivity of forest patches (CC) were used as the main factors for calculating the organizational index. A resilience index calculation framework was proposed based on the habitat quality model. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem health were evaluated and analyzed. The regional ecosystem health value of the whole region reduced gradually, with average values of 0.3521 (1996), 0.3445 (2008) and 0.3345 (2021) respectively. The average reduction rate was 0.0007 per year (1996–2021). The proposed remote sensing diagnosis method provides a complete framework for solving the problems of measuring the dynamic evolution process and characteristics of regional ecosystem health.

Variations and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient PM2.5 in industrial and residential areas in Fuzhou City

Variations and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient PM2.5 in industrial and residential areas in Fuzhou City

Investigating the effects of urban morphological factors on seasonal land surface temperature in a “Furnace city” from a block perspective

• The effects of urban block form zone on the seasonal LSTs were explored. • The correlations between LST and urban morphological factors vary with seasons. • Blocks with higher building density and lower building height had higher LST. • Different contributions of urban morphological factors to seasonal LSTs were compared. • More attention should be paid to building form metrics and surface biophysical parameters in urban planning. A growing number of studies have examined the impact of urban morphological factors on surface urban heat islands (SUHI). However, less attention is paid to investigating the comprehensive effect of urban morphological factors on land surface temperature (LST) across seasons, particularly at the block scale. In this study, we investigated 385 blocks in the central part of Fuzhou city, China. Twelve urban morphological factors in four categories were calculated from multi-source data, and the random forest regression (RFR) method was employed to calculate the relative importance of urban morphological factors from a block perspective. Our results confirmed that the blocks with high-density low-rise buildings had the highest LST and distribution index. The correlations between LST and urban morphological factors varied seasonally. The normalized difference vegetation index yielded a positive correlation with LST in winter. The RFR model revealed that twelve urban morphological factors could explain 52–57.8% of LST variation. More importantly, the building form metrics and surface biophysical parameters are the two essential categories affecting LST, contributing >70% of the total relative contribution to LST. These findings provide useful insights to ameliorate the SUHI effect and have substantial implications for urban ecological sustainability from a block perspective.

The Correlation Between Obesity Phenotypes and High Normal Blood Pressure in Fuzhou Community Residents

Abstract Background To explore the correlation between obesity phenotypes and high normal blood pressure (BP) among residents residing in Fuzhou communities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and on-site questionnaire survey, physical examinations and laboratory tests were carried out on the residents aged over 18 years in communities of Fuzhou city from 2018 to 2019, in which 900 people with normal BP and 1,006 people with high normal BP were included for analysis. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the relationship between obesity phenotypes and high normal BP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of various obesity phenotypes for high normal BP in different genders. Results The rates of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity (28.4% vs. 16.0%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (61.6% vs. 41.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) were higher in the high normal BP group than those in normal BP group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high normal BP was positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.896, 1.390–2.587), obesity (2.489, 1.427–4.342), abdominal obesity (1.598, 1.152–2.215), and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (2.110, 1.579–2.821) were risk factors of high normal BP among females while abdominal obesity (1.649, 1.021–2.661) and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (1.504, 1.044–2.165) were risk factors of high normal BP among males. The ROC area under the curve was over 0.6 for all obesity types. Conclusions Overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and abnormal waist-to-height ratio are risk factors of high normal BP.

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation and Drivers of Ecological Quality in Fuzhou Based on RSEI

Background: High-speed urbanization has brought about a number of ecological and environmental problems, as well as the use of remote sensing to monitor the urban ecological environment and explore the main factors affecting its changes. It is important to promote the sustainable development of cities. Methods: In this study, we quantify the ecological quality of the study area from 2000 to 2020 based on the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and analyze its drivers through Geodetector and geographically weighted regression. Results: The RSEI of Fuzhou City from 2000 to 2020 showed an increasing followed by a decreasing trend, with obvious spatial autocorrelation. The main driving factors causing the spatial divergence of the RSEI were elevation (q = 0.48–0.63), slope (0.42–0.59), and GDP (0.3–0.42), and the driving effect and range of each factor changed with time. Conclusion: In this paper, we explore changes in the ecological environment in Fuzhou City over the past 20 years, as well as the scope and magnitude of the drivers, providing an important reference basis to improve the ecological environment quality of the city.

Assessment of urban flood risk based on data-driven models: A case study in Fuzhou City, China

In response to the growing threat of urban flooding, this study developed an integrated method to evaluate the flood risk of the study area (Fuzhou City, China) to different types of urban flooding. First, a coupled hydrological–hydrodynamic model was developed to obtain the key dynamic flood factors forced by typical rainstorm events with river levee overtopping and pipeline transportation. Second, an integrated framework was developed to assess urban flood vulnerability under different flood hazard scenarios. Fifteen features were selected and their relative importance was analyzed by using the XGBoost model. Finally, a cloud model was used to realize qualitative to quantitative characterization of subregions of urban flood risk. The results highlighted the flooding nodes, and the inundation areas presented increasing trends with the increase of return periods. The inundation degree was divided into four categories based on the inundation degree, for which the flooding area was 324.30, 177.81, 43.42, and 20.93 ha, respectively. Six explanatory variables with greater importance were recognized in all schemes. The risk level of subregions changed dynamically, when the rainfall intensity increased, the risk level of subregions showed an increasing trend. Areas with intermediate and high risk were concentrated in the central and western of the study area. At the drainage subregion scale, two types of subareas are essential in urban flood management, respectively, the subregions with high risk in specific rainfall, and the subregions easily transforming into high-risk areas when rainfall increases. This study provides promising references in urban flood risk management.

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on Nelumbo nucifera plants in China.

White lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an aquatic plant of the Nymphaeaceae family that primarily serves as an ornamental plant and is an important cash crop in China. In May 2020, an unknown leaf disease affecting these plants was first detected in White Lotus Science and Technology Expo Park in Guangchang County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province (26.79° N, 116.31° E). The disease caused approximately 30-40% of leaves to die, and led to 15 to 20% in seed yield losses. This disease was characterized by the formation of irregular yellow-brown to dark-brown spots during the initial phases of infection. As the disease is developing, these spots expanded until they were generally round and brown to purple-brown in color, with a yellow halo surrounding the expanding spots. In an effort to characterize the causative pathogen, a small ~5×5 mm leaf tissue section from the boundary between normal and diseased tissue was collected, and sterilized with the following regimes: 30 s with 75% ethanol, soaked in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 30 s, washed thrice with sterile water, and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate, and placed in an illumination incubator (12 h light/dark) at 28 °C± 1°C for 5 days. Seven pure cultures were obtained from ten diseased leaves. For pathogenicity testing, a hyphal inoculation strategy was employed, with all studies being conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Jiangxi Agricultural University. Five mm discs were selected from three separate cultures and one control (PDA). Healthy leaves of lotus seeds were treated with 4 treatments per leaf including three separate cultures and one control that were treated with the test pathogen. The experiments were repeated three times with three biological replicates. Healthy leaves were covered with moisturized sterile cotton balls and fixed to the leaf surface with transparent tape. The inoculated lotus seedlings were kept in greenhouse incubator at 28 °C± 3°C and relative humidity of 70 to 80%. Following a 14-day incubation period, brown spots began to manifest at all sites inoculated with the test pathogen whereas the control spots remained healthy. Diseased spots were then separated. The same pathogen was once again successfully isolated and identified microscopically, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Six isolates were characterized. Ovoid or elliptical conidia were brown to light-brown in color with a short beak, 1-5 diaphragms, and 0-3 mediastinum. The diameter of these conidia were thick (13.8-44.0×7.5-16.3 µm; average: 24.0×11.9 µm, n=50). These morphological characteristics were consistent with Alternaria alternata. The ITS4/ITS5, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, AltF/AltR, OPA10-2R/OPA10-2L, EPGF/EPGR and KOG1058F2/KOG1058R2 primer sets were then used to conduct molecular identification by amplifying key transcription elongation factor and internal transcriptional spacer regions, yielding sequences that were 99%-100% similar to Alternaria alternata (GenBank No: MK396606, MT178329, MN184998, MN894688, MT849815 and KP125234). Sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MW898580 (ITS, 620 bp), MW981281 (EF1-α, 284 bp), MZ514094 (Alt a1, 477 bp), MZ514095 (OPA10-2, 716 bp), MZ514096 (endoPG, 465 bp) and MZ514097 (KOG1058, 877 bp). Nelumbo nucifera is an important aquatic cash crop in China, and this is the first study we are aware of demonstrating the presence of a leaf disease caused by Alternaria alternata in Nelumbo nucifera plants anywhere in the world. These findings may offer a foundation for efforts to prevent diseases caused by Alternaria alternata.

Assessment of the impact of urban water system scheduling on urban flooding by using coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model in Fuzhou City, China

With climate change and urbanization development, urban areas are facing more serious floods. As a result, hydrological and hydrodynamic models have recently shown a broad application prospect in urban flood simulating and forecasting. For the area with rich inland rivers, urban water resources can be effectively regulated and redistributed through river networks and hydraulic structures scheduling. However, the lack of research on the effect of scheduling becomes a major limitation in model applications. Based on a coupled hydrodynamics model, the current study simulates the flooding response to the combined rainstorm and scheduling scenarios and analyzes the river overflow at the community scale. The result indicated that three local regions in the Jin'an study area are inundated easily. The locations near Qinting Lake were more sensitive to the water regulation rules than others. In the model of control on Qinting Lake, section A is more sensitive to the schedule control than section B, while for section A, the water level increased by 1.44% under the return period (RP) (10 a), and the rate changed to 2.64% under the RP (100 a). The differences in inundation from various scenarios are relatively small. In the mode of joint discharge rules under RP (50 a), the water level changed by 4.77% in section A and 1.24% in section B. The simulation at the community scale considers the overflow process, and the results indicated that the total inundation area decreased by 12.8 ha under joint schedules. The significant effects to alleviate urban inundation mainly come from the decreased flood overflow from the channel, but not from the flooding nodes. This study provides promising references for urban flood management.

Comprehensive genome sequence analysis of the devastating tobacco bacterial phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum strain FJ1003.

Due to its high genetic diversity and broad host range, Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative phytopathogen of the bacterial wilt (BW) disease, is considered a “species complex”. The R. solanacearum strain FJ1003 belonged to phylotype I, and was isolated from the Fuzhou City in Fujian Province of China. The pathogen show host specificity and infects tobacco, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of FJ1003 infecting tobacco, a complete genome sequencing of FJ1003 using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology was performed. The full genome size of FJ1003 was 5.90 Mb (GC%, 67%), containing the chromosome (3.7 Mb), megaplasmid (2.0 Mb), and small plasmid (0.2 Mb). A total of 5133 coding genes (3446 and 1687 genes for chromosome and megaplasmid, respectively) were predicted. A comparative genomic analysis with other strains having the same and different hosts showed that the FJ1003 strain had 90 specific genes, possibly related to the host range of R. solanacearum. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was widespread in the genome. A type Ⅲ effector protein (Rs_T3E_Hyp14) was present on both the prophage and genetic island (GI), suggesting that this gene might have been acquired from other bacteria via HGT. The Rs_T3E_Hyp14 was proved to be a virulence factor in the pathogenic process of R. solanacearum through gene knockout strategy, which affects the pathogenicity and colonization ability of R. solanacearum in the host. Therefore, this study will improve our understanding of the virulence of R. solanacearum and provide a theoretical basis for tobacco disease resistance breeding.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Public Recreational Activity in Urban Green Space under Summer Heat

The urbanization process has contributed to the deterioration of the urban thermal environment and increased the frequency of heat waves in summer that damage public health. Urban green space is the space for the public to escape the summer heat. The cooling effect of urban green space (UGS) can encourage outdoor activities and enhance public health. Analysis of when and how the public utilizes UGS under summer heat can serve as a guide for UGS improvements. In this study, the Hot Spring Park in Fuzhou City, China was utilized as a case study to examine the characteristics of the public recreational behaviors and their influencing factors under summer heat. Results showed the following observations: (1) Canopy density and turf coverage played key roles in regulating the thermal environment. (2) UGS can accommodate multiple summertime behaviors with considerable spatiotemporal variations. (3) In the hot summer, the frequency of recreational activities in UGS was negatively correlated with temperature. Dynamic behaviors were significantly impacted by temperature. Older and younger groups were less heat-tolerant. Based on this, we propose countermeasures and suggestions that are tailored to the needs of urban residents and their behavior characteristics for the planning and management of urban parks in the summer heat.

First report of powdery mildew on Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milk vetch) caused by Erysiphe trifoliorum in China.

Astragalus sinicus L., (Chinese milk vetch) is a traditional leguminous green manure that plays a significant role in maintaining paddy soil fertility to enhance yield and the quality of rice in China. It is also found in gardens, roadsides, farms, fields, riverbanks, open wastelands, and is often used as livestock feed. From February 2019 to 2021, severe powdery mildew infections were observed on hundreds of A. sinicus grown in gardens and at roadsides of Fuzhou city, China. The disease incidence was up to 100% on leaves and stems of A. sinicus. White superficial fungal colonies (circular to irregular patches) were present on both sides of the leaves. Hyphae were flexuous to straight, branched, 4 to 8 µm in width, and septate. Hyphal appressoria were lobulate and solitary or in opposite pairs. Conidiophores were erect and straight, hyaline, and 60 to 120 × 8 to 10 µm (n=30). Foot cell was cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, 22 to 38 × 8 to 10 µm, followed by two to three shorter cells. Conidia were cylindrical-oval to doliiform, 30 to 48 × 13.5 to 24 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.6 to 2.4 (n = 30), formed singly, and without fibrosin bodies. Conidial germ tubes were produced subterminal position. No chasmothecia were found in the collected samples. The morphological characteristics of asexual structures were consistent with the descriptions of E. trifoliorum (Wallr.) U. Braun in Braun and Cook (2012). To verify the identification of the pathogen, the ITS and the part of large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene of the isolates were amplified using ITS1/ITS4 and LSU1/ LSU2 primers (Scholin et al. 1994 and White et al. 1990, respectively) and sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: MZ021332, MZ021333; LSU: MZ021334, MZ021335). In BLASTn searches, the ITS and LSU sequences were 99 to 100% identical with those of E. trifoliorum parasitic on Lathyrus magellanicus (LC010015), Medicago littoralis (LC270860), Melilotus officinalis (LC009924) and Trifolium spp., (MN216308, KY660821), as well as E. baeumleri (Bradshaw et al. 2021) on Vicia nigricans (LC010014). Pathogenicity test was performed by gently pressing a diseased leaf onto 10 young leaves of three healthy potted plants, while three non-inoculated plants were used as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 20 to 25°C, without humidity control, and natural light. Symptoms developed 7 days after inoculation, whereas the control leaves remained symptomless. The morphology of the fungus on the inoculated leaves was identical to that observed on the originally diseased leaves. Powdery mildew on A. sinicus has been reported as E. pisi and E. polygoni from Korea and China (Shin, 2000; Tai 1979), respectively. Amano (1986) listed E. pisi and Microsphaera astragali (now E. astragali) on A. sinicus from China and Japan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. trifoliorum on A. sinicus in China and in general. E. astragali is the most common and widespread powdery mildew species on Astragalus spp. (Braun and Cook 2012) and would be expected on A. sinicus, but this species is genetically clearly different from E. trifoliorum (Bradshaw et al. 2021). The E. trifoliorum complex (clade) is composed of several morphologically well-distinguishable species, besides E. trifoliorum also including E. baeumleri (on Vicia spp.), E. hyperici (on Hypericum spp.), and E. euonymi (on Euonymus spp.), but based on a combination of sequence plus host identity, the collection on A. sinicus can be assigned to E. trifoliorum (Bradshaw et al. 2021). The information in this study extended the host range of E. trifoliorum as well as future studies on A. sinicus in relation to powdery mildew outbreaks in China.

Exploring the Effective Path of Combining Rural Revitalization and Ecological Civilization Construction: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province as an Example

The opinions of the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the implementation of the strategy for the revitalization of the countryside clearly proposed that by 2050 the countryside will be fully revitalized with strong agriculture, beautiful countryside, and rich in farmers. In recent years, with the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy, the majority of rural areas have ushered in many developments and opportunities, however, they have also suffered serious ecological damage. By taking Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, as an example, this paper discusses the dilemma and solution paths of rural ecological civilization construction in Fuzhou City in the context of rural revitalization, with the intention of realizing the organic integration of rural revitalization and ecological civilization construction, further providing experience and inspiration for the villages in other regions of China.

Evaluation of climate regulation service at prefecture-level city: A case study of Fuzhou City, China

Ecosystem services are the bridge between ecosystem functions and human welfare. Climate regulation service (CRS) has an extremely important role in ecosystem services. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the whole process of CRS occurrence for scientific assessment of ecosystem services. With Fuzhou City as a case, we carried out the assessment of CRS at the local and municipal scales, and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of CRS at the administrative unit and land use and land cover scales. The results showed that the aggregated physical capacity of CRS in Fuzhou City was 4.01×1012 MJ (monetary value 613.944 billion yuan, GDP 561.808 billion yuan) and 4.66×1012 MJ (monetary value 714.002 billion yuan, GDP 785.681 billion yuan) in 2015 and 2018, respectively, and that the monetary value of CRS was roughly equivalent to the GDP of that year. The main land use/cover (LULC) type was woodland, cultivated land, and water area, which accounted for 57%, 15%, and 9% of Fuzhou's land area, respectively. Water area contributed the most to Fuzhou's CRS, with a contribution of over 60% in 2018, higher than woodland (12%), and cultivated land (13%). The CRS was lower in built-up areas and eastern farming areas. Between 2015 and 2018, the area of LULC change in Fuzhou was 1805.5 km2. The largest changes were cultivated land and wood land. The main land use transfer direction was between cultivated land and woodland, woodland and garden land, cultivated land and residential and industrial and mining land. The aggregated physical capacity of CRS changed by 6.74×1011 MJ, while the corresponding monetary value of 103.58 billion yuan. The CRS changes were concentrated in the central and western regions such as Minhou, Minqing, and Yongtai, and the western mountainous regions such as Luoyuan and Fuqing. The most drastic change of CRS was found in water area. The conversion of water areas produced extremely strong changes in CRS, much stronger than the effects of conversion of other LULC types.

A Synthetic Landscape Metric to Evaluate Urban Vegetation Quality: A Case of Fuzhou City in China

Urban vegetation plays a very important role in regulating urban climate and improving the urban environment. There is an urgent need to construct an effective index to quickly detect urban vegetation quality changes. In this study, a synthetic vegetation quality index (VQI) was proposed using a holistic approach based on the quality of vegetation itself and the spatial relationship with its surroundings, composed of four selected variables: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), patch aggregation index (AI), patch density (PD), and percentage of landscape (PLAND). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to calculate weights for each variable due to its objectivity. Then, taking Fuzhou City, southeast China as the case study, the scale effects of the VQI under different moving window sizes (500 m, 1 km, 2 km, …, 5 km) and the spatiotemporal changes were explored. The results showed that a VQI with a window size of 3 km had the highest correlations with all the selected indicators. Meanwhile, the representativeness and the effectiveness of the VQI were validated by the percentage eigenvalues of PC1, as well as Pearson correlation analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. We also revealed that the proposed VQI had the greatest explanatory power for land surface temperature (LST) among all the factors in both studied years (2000 and 2016), with the VQI’s interpretation of LST being 0–44% better than any individual indicator except for AI in 2000. Additionally, our work revealed that the location of vegetation has a great impact on the urban thermal environment. The VQI can assess urban vegetation quality effectively and quickly.