Future Wife Research Articles

Henri Arthur Levy

Henri Arthur Levy, a pioneer in neutron crystallography at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), died of congestive heart failure on 25 March 2003 at his home in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.Henri (who pronounced his name “Henry”) was born in Oxnard, California, on 12 September 1913. He attended Caltech, where he received his BA in chemistry in 1935 and his PhD in physical chemistry in 1938. His thesis included a section on second-order polarization energies in atoms, a theoretical topic proposed by Linus Pauling. Another section described electron diffraction studies done in cooperation with Lawrence Brockway. After receiving his degree, Henri stayed on at Caltech to work on x-ray crystallography. In 1943, Henri joined Clinton Laboratories, the predecessor to ORNL, where he became an expert in the new field of radiochemistry. He extracted radioactive lanthanum from fission products to produce an intense radiation source needed at Los Alamos for testing the implosion bomb during World War II. That work formed the basis of articles he subsequently published on designing laboratories to handle radioactive materials. As the war work wound down, Ernest Wollan and Clifford Shull began using a neutron beam from ORNL’s Graphite Reactor for diffraction studies on various crystalline powders. Henri quickly followed their example and set up a neutron diffraction instrument for chemical studies. In 1949, Selmer Peterson joined ORNL to work with Henri on a study of potassium hydrogen fluoride, which was of interest because the bifluoride ion would eventually prove to have a strong centered hydrogen bond between the fluorine atoms. Because their initial powder experiments were inconclusive, they proceeded with one of the first single-crystal neutron diffraction studies and produced a precise analysis of potassium hydrogen fluoride.Henri and Peterson made other studies of hydrogen-bonded materials, including a detailed study of several phases of the ammonium halides. Their single-crystal study of heavy ice showed conclusively that Pauling’s postulate of disordered hydrogen bonding was correct. As a result, the Antarctic Place-names Commission later honored Levy and Peterson, along with others who had worked on water and ice, by naming islands in Antarctica’s Crystal Sound after them. Henri also made important studies of liquids by both x-ray and neutron diffraction, many of them in collaboration with Alfred Narten, also of ORNL. Notable was their 1967 x-ray study of water over the temperature range from 4 to 200°C.Henri and his coworkers developed automatic data-collection equipment and computer programs to control experiments and analyze results. For the early single-crystal neutron diffraction work, he designed a mechanical device that permitted the experimenter to preset angles for rotation of the sample about one axis so that the intensities of 20 reflections could be measured automatically.When one of the early electronic computers became available at ORNL in 1954, Henri’s group quickly put it to use for various crystallographic calculations. When the Oak Ridge Research Reactor came on line, Henri and his coworkers developed a three-circle diffractometer controlled by punched paper tape from the computer. The resulting data counts were punched on tape for automatic processing. When minicomputers became available in 1965, Henri’s group programmed the PDP-5 computer to control a four-circle Picker diffractometer, first as an x-ray instrument and then for neutron crystallography at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor Facility.Henri and I developed and distributed a full-matrix, least-squares structure refinement program that was modified so often that the 1979 version listed nine authors. By 1981, that program had been cited more than 3000 times. A companion program permitted the calculation of various molecular parameters with their standard errors. We also created a method for correcting observed bond distances for the thermal motion of the atoms involved.In 1978, Henri retired at the then mandatory age of 65. However, he continued to develop methods for combining electron microscope images to produce three-dimensional information.Henri served as an officer of the American Crystallographic Association, first as secretary (1961–63), then as president-elect (1964), president (1965), and past president (1966). He was also a member of the US National Committee for Crystallography. Henri joined the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club in 1945 and maintained his membership for the rest of his life. While hiking with this group, he met his future wife, Bettie Juresco. He later proposed to her on the Appalachian Trail.Undoubtedly, Henri’s work has had a profound influence on our knowledge of the atomic and molecular structure of matter. Techniques that he pioneered are still being used to advance this knowledge. Henri Arthur Levy OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYPPT|High resolution© 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Nochmals zum Gebrauch des Titels dwȝt-ntr in der Spätzeit

The author rejects the proposal of A. Dodson in JEA 88 (2002), 179-86, to see the Late Period title dw3t-ntr as a designation of the adopted heiress as the future God's Wife in office.

Quakers as Abolitionists: The Robinsons of Rokeby and Charles Marriott

Quakers as Abolitionists: The Robinsons ofRokeby and Charles Marriott by Elizabeth H. Moger* The weight of "that branch ofthe Society not called Orthodox" in New York Yearly Meeting in the 1 830s, and particularly in the 1 840s, was not on the side ofthe Abolitionists, but the Robinsons in Ferrisburgh and Charles Marriott in Hudson were Abolitionist country Friends who were not intimidated by this fact. In Ferrisburgh, Vermont, on the east side ofRoute 7, about 1 1 miles south ofthe Shelburne Museum, is what is now the smaller and less well-known Rokeby Museum. From 1791 to 1961, however, Rokebywas the homestead ofthe Robinson family, where theyraisedMerino sheep formanyyears, also operating mills and orchards. There, in the State that never recognized slavery as a legal institution, and that entered the Union as a free State in 1791, they upheld the ancient anti-slavery testimony of Friends, even though they eventually left the Society.1 The Robinsons were originallyNew England Yearly Meeting Friends. In 179 1 , ThomasR. Robinson(176 1-1851) andhiswife, JemimaFishRobinson (1761-1846), came to Vergennes, Vermont, leaving their little daughter Abigail temporarily behind in Rhode Island. They brought their memberships in 1801 to what would become Ferrisburgh Monthly Meeting of Ferrisburgh Quarterly Meeting and New York Yearly Meeting. Thomas's brother William had bought 600 acres of land there, and in 1808 Thomas took title to it.2 Rowland Thomas Robinson (R.T.R.), Thomas and Jemima's only son, was born in Vermont in 1796. He was educated at Nine Partners Boarding School in Dutchess County, New York, where he met both his future wife, Rachel Gilpin, a New York City Friend (1 799-1 862) and Ann King (17861 867), their teacher there, who was supportive and influential in their lives. Ann King came to Rokeby shortly after R.T.R.'s and Rachel's marriage in 1 820, and lived there off and on as a sort of courtesy aunt until her death. R.T.R. and Rachel had three sons, Thomas, George, and Rowland E, and a daughter, Anne King Robinson.3 At the time ofthe Separation, the Robinson household (with the exception of Abigail, who had married Nathan Case Hoag, son of Joseph and Huldah Case Hoag, prominent Orthodox Friends ofFerrisburgh) declared themelves members of"thatbody not called Orthodox," in which they were active until R.T.R. and Rachel left Friends in 1845. * Elizabeth H. Moger, keeper of the Records for New York Yearly meeting from 1978 to 1 997, currently resides at Kendal at Hanover in Hanover, New Hampshire. Quakers as Abolitionists53 Thomas, Jemima, R.T.R, and Rachel were strong Abolitionists in both theory and practice, as was Ann King. R.T.R. was the family member who participated most actively in the wider Abolitionist movement. He was a moving spiritinthe founding ofthe Anti-Slavery Society ofFerrisburgh and Vicinity in 1833. Other members served in succession as its President, but R.T.R, as Secretary and presumed author of its Annual Reports, was its voice and proclaimer of its principles.4 When the Vermont Anti-Slavery Societywas foundedin 1 834 inMiddlebury, R.T.R. was one ofits Directors. Both the Ferrisburgh and the Vermont Societies were aligned with the American Anti-Slavery Society (the "Old Organization" after 1840), and R.T.R. was an active, if somewhat autonomous member ofthat body. He depended entirely on moral suasion for the abolition of slavery, rejecting reliance on political action or the use of force.5 The Robinsons were decided Garrisonians and non-resistants, espousing immediate abolition of slavery and abstinence from the use of all slavegrown or slave-manufactured goods. Rokeby is identified as one of the authenticatedUndergroundRailroad sites inVermont, though it seems clear that the Robinsons operated above ground as a matter of course.6 They consistently employed fugitives on the farm and in the household, treating them as members of the family. On several occasions fugitives were recommended to R.T.R. by Abolitionists further south,7 who knew of the need for workers at Rokeby, the greater safety there, and the acceptance, at least on the part ofthe older members ofthe family without discrimination on racial grounds. The...

Professor B. C. Leighton

Professor Barry Leighton, who was born on 29th August 1920, died in Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, in the early hours of Sunday, 20th October 2002, after a long period of physical incapacity. He qualified in 1943 at King’s College Hospital, London, where he also met his future wife, Diana, who was nursing. Some of his early work was carried out in Birmingham with Humphries and continued when he returned to King’s—where he undertook his massive research projects in longtitudinal studies. These constitute the only study of the kind in the British Isles including serial cephalometric radiographs, and are probably unlikely to be repeated. He came to be head of Orthodontics at King’s and in 1968 was appointed Professor of Orthodontics in the University of London. Many will have passed through his hands as students and many others will have known him through his works and societies. In 1954 in conjunction with Professor Tom White of Glasgow and Jim Gardiner of Sheffield he produced the first much needed textbook to be published in Britain on orthodontics for dental students. This has maintained its popularity and it is now also used in India. Previously orthodontics had only been included in major texts as just another part of the practice of dentistry. Barry always had an interest in history and published papers on the early history of the British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO). Since the mid 90s he also produced the original drafts for many chapters in the recently published history of the British orthodontic societies. He was intimately associated with the BSSO and served on the Council, becoming Secretary and President and eventually an Honorary Member and the recipient of the Special Service Award. More recently he was President of the British Orthodontic Society. He was also a long time member of the European Orthodontic Society and maintained close contact with many members, particularly the members of the AngloScandinavian Orthodontic Study Circle. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm which he valued greatly. The abiding memory of Barry is of a modest, quiet, gentle man with total integrity who was always ready to help colleagues. However, you would be unwise if you presumed, for there was a steadfast will and constancy below the surface, coupled with a wry sense of humour, a gentle smile and sparkling eyes. We extend our sincere sympathy to his widow Di and to his children and grandchildren. Alan C. Campbell Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 30, 2003, 97

Louis Eugène Félix Néel. 22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000

Louis Néel was from Norman stock by his father and from Lyon by his mother. He could trace his ancestors to the middle of the eighteenth century. They were leading citizens of small boroughs, his great grandfather a secondary school teacher. His grandfather, a chemist, showed him how to make pills by pressing powders in moulds; he had many coloured jars in his shop windows, one with a colony of leeches! Two of the chemist's sons worked in the colonies, one as administrator and the other as an army physician. Louis's father, a civil servant in the Ministry of Finances, also applied after a while for a post abroad, south of Tunisia, where he met his future wife, a niece of the local French representative. They married in 1903.

Robert Steel Morton 1917–2002

With the death of Robbie Morton on 4 May 2002, 2 months before his 85th birthday, we have lost one of the major influences that helped to shape venereology as...

Ambiguity

Ambiguity

El viaje a Portugal de los embajadores de Federico III en el relato de Lanckmann y de otros cronistas

The article analyses the report by Nicolas Lanckmann and Jacob Motz of the trip they undertook in 1451 to Lisbon in order to accompany Eleonore of Portugal, future wife to Frederic III, to Rome. Special importance is given to the role safe-conducts and Jacobean traditions play in the text, and the motives for taking the Northern route through the Iberian Peninsula and for diverting to Santiago de Compostela during the time of the Ano Santo are examined. The report's wide circulation during the XVth and XVIth centuries underlines the ways one formed an image of the Iberian Peninsula in the countries of German tongue.

Miguel de Cervantes, 1547–1616

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Images in PsychiatryFull AccessMiguel de Cervantes, 1547–1616Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, M.D., and Rosana Corral-Márquez, M.D.Rafael Tabarés-SeisdedosSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., and Rosana Corral-MárquezSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Sep 2001https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.158.9.1392AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Cervantes was born in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) on an autumn day in 1547. He was descended from a dynasty of well-regarded physicians and was the son of a humble surgeon who had to abandon his profession. His life was filled with extraordinary situations reminiscent of his literary creations. At the age of 22, he ran away to Italy after wounding a man in a duel. As a soldier in the service of Philip II, he fought at the battle of Lepanto, where he was wounded in the left hand. Taken by Barbary pirates, he spent 5 years in captivity in Algeria, although on at least four occasions he tried to escape. Once back in Spain, he found work as a royal agent confiscating grain and other goods, which resulted in his being subjected to a number of denunciations, imprisonments, and two excommunications. He died in 1616, just a few days after the death of Shakespeare.Cervantes is universally known as the writer of Don Quixote, his first novel, and, even today, still the best (1). Here Cervantes provided a deep and thorough description of the delusional ideas of greatness and persecution and auditory and visual hallucinations, along with melancholia and cognitive impairment, which suggest several neuropsychiatric diseases (paranoid schizophrenia, dementia). The relationship between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza is central to the work. The nobleman represents loss of reason; his squire is the personification of common sense. Sancho comes to be the companion of the craziest man in the world. When Don Quixote, on his deathbed, seems to regain lucidity and tries to persuade Sancho that walking knights do not exist, the squire, raving mad, answers by encouraging his master to live long in the world of his dreams. Sancho accepted and completely shared Don Quixote’s delusional ideas of greatness. His was a case of folie à deux.The influence of Cervantes on the creative work of writers (Borges, Dostoevsky, Joyce, Twain), musicians (Purcell, R. Strauss), and painters (Picasso) is important and well known. However, there has been little appreciation of the influence of Cervantes on some key figures in psychiatry, such as Freud, or on figures in neuroscience, such as Cajal.At the age of 27, Freud (2) wrote to his future wife, Martha Bernays, about the deep impression left on him by his reading in Spanish of Cervantes’s works. He was particularly interested in “The Colloquy of the Dogs” between Cipión and Berganza, in which one of the dogs recounts his life while the other just listens, and he found an identification with Don Quixote, who was able to fight to madness for his dreams. About that time, Freud was wondering whether to follow his neuroscientific research and become a modern scientist (the quixotic ideal) or to devote himself to private medical practice (Sancho, as a reality principle).Cajal discovered Don Quixote at the age of 12, but he did not enjoy a story with an unhappy ending, in which the hero suffered so many setbacks. This first impression changed radically during his life, as can be seen in his essays, which are full of references to Cervantes. In 1905, a year before he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, he gave a speech at the Medical College of San Carlos titled “Psychology of Quixote and Quixotism,” in which he considered Don Alonso Quijano “an ideal of humanity, magnificence, and justice” (3) and suggested that these ideals must always inform the authentic scientist. At that time Cajal was a member of a regenerationist movement in Spain that embraced science and education, although he abandoned it a few years later, disappointed and tired of controversy. In this way, his life and his work were an example of quixotism.Address reprint requests to Dr. Tabarés-Seisdedos, Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (e-mail). The image is an anonymous portrait of Miguel de Cervantes, attributed to Juan de Jáuregu. Photograph courtesy of Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid. Miguel de Cervantes

The Fick principle and the steady state.

The Fick principle and the steady state.

Galling wasp sexual misbehavior in the human scientist. [Review of:Jones JH. Alfred C. Kinsey: A public/private life. W.W. Norton, 1997

Galling Wasp: Sexual Misbehavior in the Human Scientist Donald T. Critchlow (bio) James H. Jones. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. xv + 895 pp. Photographs, notes, selected bibliography, and index. $39.95. In this masterful biography of Alfred Kinsey, who gained celebrity status with the publication of his landmark studies on human sexual behavior in the late 1940s and early 1950s, prize-winning historian James Jones reveals that private life and public life cannot be easily distinguished, even for the modern day scientist hiding behind a mask of objectivity. Jones took fifteen years to write this biography and his efforts are rewarded in a prodigiously researched, carefully crafted, and sensitively drawn, yet disturbing, portrait of Kinsey. He reveals that behind the mask of a haughty Harvard-educated, Indiana University biologist, family man, and conservative Republican lay a deeply distressed man who became increasingly obsessed with sex, including his own homosexuality and sado-masochism. Behind the facade of science, Kinsey induced his wife and staff to engage in extramarital affairs and held sex “experiments” in his attic which he later filmed. Jones shows that Kinsey brought his biases to his pioneering study of sexual behavior, yet he provides a judicious assessment of Kinsey’s scientific and cultural contribution to understanding sexual diversity in modern America. Kinsey grew up in Hoboken and South Orange, New Jersey, in an affluent, intensely religious Methodist family, dominated by his father, a professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology. Kinsey was sickly as a young child, but became a model student, accomplished classical pianist, Eagle Scout, summer camp counselor, and avid naturalist. To compensate for his awkwardness around other children, he developed a haughty, even pompous, attitude toward his schoolmates, gaining the nickname of “I Kinsey” because the number of times he used the personnel pronoun in normal conversation. Beneath the surface, however, Kinsey showed signs of sexual deviancy and masochism. For him, as Jones writes, “the legacy of childhood was not psychological wholeness but emotional conflict, turmoil, and pain” (p. 23). [End Page 127] After graduation from Columbia High School as its valedictorian in 1912, he enrolled in an engineering program at Stevens Institute of Technology at the insistence of his father. Two years at Stevens Tech was enough; he then enrolled in Bowdoin College, announcing his plans to his father as a fait accompli. Later when his father left Kinsey’s mother for a younger women, Kinsey severed all connections with him. Following graduation, he accepted a fellowship at Harvard University in 1916 to pursue a doctoral thesis on the American Cymipidae (gall wasps). As an evolutionary biologist, Kinsey became obsessed with field work and the need to collect specimens in order to show the rich diversity of gall wasps. Fellow graduate students derided his prodigious field work by calling him “Collect a million Kinsey.” After a postdoctoral fellowship he accepted an assistant professorship in the Department of Zoology at Indiana University. During his graduate studies he rejected religion in order to embrace science as the integrating principle in his life. The twenty-six-year-old, strikingly handsome Kinsey arrived at Indiana University intent on distinguishing himself as an entomologist. Within months of his arrival he met his future wife, Clara McMillen, whom he married within the year. To outsiders the marriage looked ideal. They had three children, but sexual relations remained unsatisfactory for both partners. Clara’s absolute devotion to Kinsey and his career kept the marriage intact. Meanwhile, Kinsey threw himself into research. As a teacher he was far too elitist to be popular among the students. He was impatient with mediocrity and felt that most of students did not belong in school, urging many to return to their farms where they could make a practical contribution to society. He chided students for their Midwestern twangs, humiliated graduate students publicly, and condescended to his faculty colleagues. Only a select few of his graduate students entered his inner circle, and from those he won loyalty and respect. Elitism also shaped his politics. He was drawn to the eugenics movement, supported immigration quotas, and during the Depression era came to despise Franklin Roosevelt, the New Deal, and...

Pocahontas's Baptism: Reformed Theology and the Paradox of Desire

John Rolfe’s letter detailing his internal struggles concerning his relationship with his future wife Pocahontas brings into play many of the issues which are central to Reformed ideas – conscience, judgement, salvation and desire. The struggle between flesh and faith, desire and salvation which Rolfe presents fits our understanding of Calvinist thought to the extent that Peter Hulme has called the letter a ‘classic Puritan document’. Rolfe’s denial of ‘the unbridled desire of carnall affection’ seems archetypal in its renunciation of the flesh, but there also is another form of desire at work in the letter. Where Rolfe denies that his yearning is carnal he celebrates his longing to convert the native. This is very different, but a recognition of the link between the two desires – for the flesh and for the spirit – is necessary if we are to truly understand the Reformed theology which travelled across the Atlantic in the early seventeenth century.

Lustmord: Sexual Murder in Weimar Germany

In a book that confronts our society's obsession with sexual violence, Maria Tatar seeks the meaning behind one of the most disturbing images of twentieth-century Western culture: the violated female corpse. This image is so prevalent in painting, literature, film, and, most recently, in mass media, that we rarely question what is at stake in its representation. Tatar, however, challenges us to consider what is taking place, both artistically and socially, in the construction and circulation of scenes depicting sexual murder. In examining images of sexual murder (lustmord), she produces a riveting study of how art and murder have intersected in the sexual politics of culture from Weimar Germany to the present. Tatar focuses attention on the politically turbulent Weimar Republic, often viewed as the birthplace of a transgressive avant-garde modernism, where representations of female sexual mutilation abound. Here a revealing episode in the gender politics of cultural production unfolds as male artists and writers, working in a society consumed by fear of outside threats, envision women as enemies that can be contained and mastered through transcendent artistic expression. Not only does Tatar show that male artists openly identified with real-life sexual murderers - George Grosz posed as Jack the Ripper in a photograph where his model and future wife was the target of his knife - but she also reveals the ways in which victims were disavowed and erased. Tatar first analyzes actual cases of sexual murder that aroused wide public interest in Weimar Germany. She then considers how the representation of murdered women in visual and literary works functions as a strategy for managing social and sexual anxieties, and shows how violence against women can be linked to the war trauma, to urban pathologies, and to the politics of cultural production and biological reproduction.

Diagnostic cytology of the uterine cervix: a major contribution and classic reference in gynecologic cytopathology.

Diagnostic cytology of the uterine cervix: a major contribution and classic reference in gynecologic cytopathology.

Dreams: the convergence of neurobiologic and psychoanalytic perspectives.

Fromm's Aristotelian statement that "Dreaming is a meaningful expression of any kind of mental activity under the condition of sleep" (Fromm, 1951, p. 25) is similar to a modern neurobiological conclusion about the dreaming process. The current data from the neurosciences lead to the definition of dreams as a neuropsychological event during sleep whose manifest contents are affect laden, visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Their functions are adaptive and problem solving in themselves. They are part of the brain's connectionist information-processing system which channel, compare, and integrate current affect-laden memories with memories of past successful strategies. Thus, the neurobiological perspective of dreams provides an underlying neuroanatomical and information-processing matrix for the dream process that further supports the current psychoanalytic view concerning their assimilative and accommodative functions. In conclusion, I would like to return to the termination phase of Mr. M's therapy. This patient planned to leave therapy approximately 22 months after the occurrence of Dream 2, as this dream had predicted. He was to be married and move to another city. Although I felt somewhat anxious about his leaving, despite his significant progress, we agreed to a termination date. Just prior to the second-to-last session Mr. M had the following dream: It took place in a large gothic building in a zoo. It is dark and depressing and filled with cages of rhesus monkeys. I go around with a nurse to inoculate the monkeys. I am scared of the virus. My future wife appears. She is immune to the virus. She is brave and she rescues me. The patient seemed pleased in relating his dream, and it offered resolution and closure for both of us despite a paucity of discussion. Two years later I received a letter from him in which he stated that he was well and had no additional "monkey dreams."

Maternal Iconography and Nation Building in Alice Cary's "Mrs. Walden's Confidant"

In Walden Thoreau famously observes that men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that they must have such a one as their neighbors have.[1] Five years later the well-known Ohio-born writer and poet Alice Cary published a short story whose title (no doubt unintentionally) echoes Thoreau's famous work but takes issue with many of its values. In Mrs. Walden's Confidant (1859) Cary concludes that women are spiritually impoverished when they don't think they must have a house like their neighbors': good citizenship and spiritual development require competitive housekeeping. Cary's parable of republican motherhood takes place on the Fourth of July for the same reason that Thoreau occupied his cabin on that date in 1845: like Walden it engages the relationships among independence, materialism, national growth, and personal fulfillment. proprietary ease with which Thoreau lets drop the date of his occupancy suggests intimacy with national mythology, a cozy relationship between writer and reader about the meaning of Independence Day. In Mrs. Walden's Confidant, however, this relationship is complicated by the main character's exclusion from the plot of ascending power that drives Independence Day orations, Walden, and classic narratives of the rise from small beginnings alike. When Ben Franklin describes his arrival in Philadelphia in the Autobiography, for example, he revels in his sorry condition because it permits the reader to compare such unlikely beginnings with the figure I have since made there. And he is careful to both include and contain his future wife's role by defining her as a witness rather than participant in this figure's construction: as he passes her house he notes that she, standing at the door, thought I made -- as I certainly did -- a most awkward, ridiculous appearance.[2] Miss Read is the perfect witness to Mr. Franklin's life narrative, but she has little else to do with it. In Mrs. Walden's Confidant, however, Cary explores how women can get beyond this impasse by becoming readers -- and writers their own stories, and how within certain limitations they can govern narratives of exclusion and even victimization. In so doing she offers instructive lesson about the perils and rewards of the antebellum woman's participation in nation building and a forceful I alternative to canonical narratives of auto-american-biography[3] and their fictional counterparts. Mrs. Walden's Confidant takes place in and near a small Ohio village whose rapid growth is presented as representative of both Western expansion and national prosperity: it is the nation's most flattering vision of itself in miniature. The soil was productive, and there was abundance of wood, water and stone; fine clay for making bricks; besides other advantages which made the farmers about naturally a little proud -- and this pride extended from their possessions to the property of their neighbors.[4] There is talk of a seminary and some half-dozen new dwellings and a third story is planned for the North American Hotel, for which the owner has commissioned a sign neatly summarizing the community's aspirations: an eagle soaring towards the sun, with the motto beneath, 'upward and onward' (p. 291). Thus the story's first few pages present the familiar typology of America as a rising country. Indeed, as the story opens, the village prepares for a general celebration of the Fourth of July to culminate in a procession lead by two of the of the oldest men in the neighborhood -- real Revolutionary soldiers (p. 291) bearing the American flag and flanked by little girls with baskets of flowers. nation is young enough to exhibit its still-living liberators, yet old enough to strike out on its own: youth and age are happy companions. Waldens are a notable exception to the generally celebratory air. Their farm is plainly in view, not only of the steeple and the liberty pole, but also of the people gathering in front of the hotel (pp. …

"Not Bad for a Brier"

"Not Bad for a Brier" Robert Martin I was asked to write this piece about Jim Wayne's career as a teacher ofthe German language and its literature at Western Kentucky University from 1963 to 1996 because our hoes rang together over twenty-five years in the department where German is taught. Tom Baldwin with roots in knobby north Georgia, I, Ozark Bob, and mountain man Jim Wayne did yeoman work in the kraut field long years together. All three ofus Briers ofsorts, we taught, talked, fished, andchopped firewoodtogether. Good hills make good neighbors. How any of us got from where we were to where we went and why are questions requiring troublesome presumptions for their answer. In addressing the question howJimWayne came to German studies and why, I'm reminded ofa line from his poem "Sharing": "I'm afraid I may be found in someone else's car trying to start it with my office key." When asked last September at WKU what advice he would offer an aspiring poet, Wendell Berry answered: "First, get a job!" This is not why Jim Wayne hired on to teach German at WKU. He stated once in an interview: "I just like to hang around words." Hanging around German just doubled his fun. Actually, it tripled his fun, for he met his future wife Mary Ellen in his first German class at Berea, where he minored in German . She was his teacher. Moreover, his best offer of financial aid for graduate studies came not from departments ofEnglish literature but from the foreign language department at Vanderbilt University. He accepted this offer also because he felt that working in an unrelated field would interfere less with his own literary projects and plans. An effort perhaps to keep at arm's length pressures on his own themes and style. He mentioned once, too, that his parents' surnames Miller and Smith were anglicized from German Müller and Schmidt. Maybe his German studies were motivated then in part by his need to know that man in the faded unidentified photo in the family album alluded to in Newfound. But what were the particular features ofGerman literature that he found appealing? First he found in German literature traditions longer and more varied than those ofhis own, and an inclination to dog the questions ofcultural destiny and the human condition. He also felt, I'm sure, that a study ofsuch a literaDr . RobertMartin taught German at Western Kentucky University untilhe retired. He writes, aI wasJim Wayne'sfriend, colleague, and reader." 14 ture was a powerful corrective to overstating the case for a national literature , i.e., the approach which emphasizes overarching, sweeping national (versus regional) themes and styles ofa chance political entity, an antidote to cultural nationalism. German studies enabled him to compare and discover a relativism in the conventions and regularities ofliterary expression. German literature in the 1950s and 1960s was sifting through its ruins, searching for old-new starting blocks. Jim Wayne selected the works ofa woman writer ofthe nineteenth century, Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, as his dissertation topic. She was a regionalist, a writer with a sense ofplace. His translation of Emil Lerperger, a twentieth century Austrian regional poet, sprang from the same concern for the level ofminute particularwhere affection for people and places can be expressed. This rather than the abstract (national) level of the general and homogeneous, where people are cut offfrom their roots and "floated like logs down to the mainstream." German studies, then, helped him sharpen his sense ofplace, helped him look to the places where people are most real, to answer how we recover ouridentities afterthe holocaustofmodernityand nationalism. Jim Wayne concentrated on those writers and genres in German literature for which he felt affinities. He did notjoin the ranks oftheprofessional Germanisten, those who cultivate the field as a science or discipline. As boundless as his genius and energies were, he did not venture into the deceptively deep pools ofGerman studies to be "floated right offhis feet," like the outsiders who fished the streams near his home in North Carolina. He had other fish to fry. In his teaching of German as in his fishing, he was after something...

Edgar B. Stern: A White New Orleans Philanthropist Helps Build a Black University

In early 1928, James P. O'Brien, president of black Straight College, solicited $500 emergency contribution from Edgar B. Stern, well-known New Orleans businessman and philanthropist. Stern replied, am favorably concerned about what you are doing. However, if $500 is all you need I should think your church board could provide it. If you are ever interested in bigger things, you will find me ready help. Little did Stern realize that he would shortly become prime mover in the creation and building of black university.(1) Stern was born in New Orleans in 1886, the second son of Maurice and Hannah Bloom Stern. The elder Stern had migrated New Orleans from Germany in 1871 at age sixteen. Shortly after arrival, he joined the Temple Sinai, one of the oldest reform congregations in the United States, and was apprenticed Lehman, Neugass, and Co., Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants. In 1883, when Stern married Hannah Bloom, the firm's name was changed Lehman, Stern and Company. Edgar grew up in prosperous family, which often travelled Europe visit relatives, was intimately associated with Temple Sinai and was constantly engaged in charitable pursuits. He attended the local public schools, enrolled at Tulane for one year and then transferred Harvard where he won scholarship and was elected manager of the University Football Association.(2) After graduation from Harvard in 1907, Stern returned New Orleans and joined his father's firm. He worked and played hard and had wide circle of acquaintances, both male and female. Stern moved easily among non-Jewish friends, but understood that he would not be included in Mardi Gras activities. The barriers came down after the revels ended. When invited join the prestigious Boston Club, which did not normally admit Jews, Stern asked if the invitation included his life-long friend Monte Lemann. The membership committee expressed regrets and Stern politely declined membership. Stern's work and active social life were accompanied by participation in community affairs. He was elected the New Orleans Parish School Board and the Charity Hospital Board in 1912 and became president of the New Orleans Association of Commerce in 1915. The following year he was appointed director of the New Orleans Public Belt Railroad.(3) Stern, quite popular with the opposite sex, dated frequently both at Harvard and in New Orleans, but apparently was never seriously smitten until he met his future wife, Edith Rosenwald Sulzberger, daughter of Julius Rosenwald of Sears, Roebuck and Company, in New York in 1919. Edgar and Edith were married on June 29, 1921. Edith Rosenwald Stern's biographer, Gerda W. Klein, described Stern at the time of his marriage: . . His face and stately head set on broad shoulders, his high forehead crowned by dark hair. His intelligent dark eyes sparkled equally with good humor and tenderness, betraying only hint of impishness. He was handsome devil with a blend of traits that made him as popular among men as he was irresistible women. After lengthy honeymoon in Europe the Sterns returned New Orleans an active social, business and community life. In 1926, Stern ran for and won the presidency of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange on the opposition ticket. His election was trumpeted in business circles throughout the country. expect any day now, his sister-in-law, Marion Rosenwald Stern wrote, to hear someone say, 'oh yes, J[ulius] R[osenwald], He's the F-I-L [Father-in-law] of that Stern fellow down South.' (4) By 1927, Stern had already enjoyed distinguished career. He was president of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, had been president of the Association of Commerce, director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and was an officer and director of several business enterprises. He was as well known in New Orleans civic as business affairs. In 1926 the director of the Community Chest drive thanked Stern for his contribution, adding that the campaign might not have succeeded without him. …

Percy Young. Elgar, Newman and The Dream of Gerontius: In The Tradition of English Catholicism. Aldershot, Hampshire: Scolar Press, 1995. 162 pp. ISBN 0-85967-877-6 (hardcover) Stewart R. Craggs. Edward Elgar: A Source Book. Aldershot, Hampshire: Scolar Press, 1995. 188 pp. ISBN 0-85967-920-9 (hardcover)

Percy Young. Elgar, Newman and The Dream of Gerontius: In The Tradition of English Catholicism. Aldershot, Hampshire: Scolar Press, 1995. 162 pp. ISBN 0-85967-877-6 (hardcover) / Stewart R. Craggs. Edward Elgar: A Source Book. Aldershot, Hampshire: Scolar Press, 1995. 188 pp. ISBN 0-85967-920-9 (hardcover). Un article de la revue Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes (Volume 17, numéro 1, 1996, p. 1-155) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.

George Gaylord Simpson and the Paleocene Mammals of the Fort Union Group, Montana

George Gaylord Simpson's Tempo and Mode Evolution (1944) is acknowledged as one of several pillars of the consolidation of the evolutionary synthesis (Mayr, 1980). Although Tempo and Mode has since been discussed by various commentators, both with respect to its content and its impact, not enough attention has been paid to the development of the concepts and approaches that Simpson introduced that work, concepts and approaches that were then quite novel for paleontological treatise (Gould, 1980; Mayr, 1980; Laporte, 1983). Tempo and Mode may have seemed without pedigree to most of its readers, but one can trace its roots much of Simpson's earlier work.'I In this paper I indicate the roots of several of the major concepts and approaches that Simpson articulated so cogently Tempo and Mode, including species-as-populations, organism-environment interactions, bias of the fossil record, and biometrical analysis. In particular, Simpson's study of the mammals of the Fort Union Group (Paleocene) of south-central Montana-Crazy Mt. fossil field-gave him the opportunity to explore and articulate these concepts as applied to rich fossil fauna, well-defined time and space, monograph form (Simpson, 1937a). The Fort Union research inspired two additional papers 1937 that Simpson called, years later, door-openers to formalizing and publishing my ideas on the principles of classification and to moving in the direction of principles and theory of evolution (Simpson, 1937b, c, 1978:80-81). It also served as pr6cis for the textbook Quantitative Zoology, written with his future wife Anne Roe 1937-1938 (Simpson and Roe, 1939). Soon after, the spring of 1938, Simpson began writing what was to become his most important book, Tempo and Mode Evolution (Simpson, 1944). Simpson himself seemed to have realized, retrospectively, the value of the Fort Union study, because, although he referred to USNM Bulletin 169 as a more or less routine monograph, he acknowledged that it did introduce some new ways of going at things (Simpson, 1975:23). And 1943, while overseas on military duty, Simpson had the opportunity to remark letter to his wife that [a]s I look back, I see I began to hit my real stride and to do work of more basic and broad importance around 1938 (Simpson, 1942-1944:167).