Future War Research Articles

Past and future wars on TV: High-end drama series and national identity

War on film and in television series reflects a nation’s preoccupation with war and how warfare shapes conceptions of history. The war genre is inherently national, as it deals with a nation’s heroic moments and traumas. Stories about war address a nation’s collective moral values, cultural heritage and other tropes of national identity markers. This article will discuss two Norwegian war dramas made for TV, one set in the past (Kampen om tungtvannet [The Saboteurs] [2015]) and one set in a not-too-distant future (Okkupert [Occupied] [2015–20]). This article discusses how these war dramas articulate themes about history and nationality.

PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES: LEGAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION

Article is devoted to the problems of development of private military companies in Russia. It shows the practice of private military companies in the current political situation in the world. The phenomenon of private military companies (PMCs) is a rather controversial and ambiguous topic. Over the past more than thirty years, PMCs have played an increasingly important role in local wars and regional conflicts. With further globalization of the world economy, the role of PMCs in future wars and armed conflicts will be increasing. The authors study international documents regulating the activities of these organizations. They point out the necessity of adopting a law to allow this type of activity on the territory of the Russian Federation. Private military companies actually exist within the country and their legalization would allow to introduce their activities into the legal field. Private military companies influence the sphere of human rights, is connected with corruption and dishonest performance of obligations in implementation of contracts. The penalties for establishing and participating in illegal armed groups are shown. The possibilities of their application, both in Russia and abroad, are highlighted.

Use of Russia's Strategic Missile Forces in Future Wars

Use of Russia's Strategic Missile Forces in Future Wars

INTELLIGENCE INTERCONNECT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (IICS) PADA NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE OPERASI UDARA

The Indonesian Air Force (IAF) intelligence interconnect communication system (IICS) is a communication device which can deliver information/instructions/ commands in a voice that the IAF chairman addressed to the ground units to conduct an IAF operation mission. The development of the future war has applied the network concept or often called network warfare. However, the IAF has not fully used its advantages optimally. The objective of the study is to describe and analyze the advantages of IICS that can be used as the first step in the development and application of NCW IAF communication systems. The study uses descriptive qualitative methods that describe the use of IICS in various air operations and the factors that affect IICS which is analysed by using the system integration theory of communication, NCW, Information Superiority, Internet of Things and Interoperability. Data is collected by conducting interviews with the experts of IICS and NCW. Studies have shown that IICS can integrate some communications equipment into a new system and assist deliver information in real-time and forward command information to generate destruction on a predetermined target. Furthermore, IICS also provide strategic information for the main weaponry system by using the information selected by the commander. Moreover, it can be developed in a larger network that enhances awareness (Situational Awareness) in implementing movement or action. If the IICS has been done consistently and thoughtfully, it will increase the effectiveness of accomplishing the operation missions and exercises

A Review of Intelligent Vision Enhancement Technology for Battlefield

This paper reviews the application of intelligent vision enhancement technology in the battlefield environment and explores new research directions. This paper mainly introduces three parts. First, we introduce a solution for enhancing the battlefield situation and using head-mounted displays for soldier combat. Second, we summarize three core technologies supporting intelligent vision enhancement technology: 3D environment reconstruction, tracking and registration, and situational awareness. Third, we summarize three application directions of intelligent vision enhancement technology on the battlefield. Finally, the problems and challenges in the research work are proposed, including current issues such as accurate battlefield situational awareness by augmented reality technology, multiperson collaborative management and data flow, as well as challenges in future battlefield situation enhancement and perception. The future development trend of intelligent vision enhancement technology on the battlefield has been prospected. Two meanings of this paper are as follows: the first is to review the research status of intelligent vision enhancement technology from the technical level and identify the key technical points that may restrict development in the future; the second is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent vision enhancement technology from the level of battlefield application and the roles of users. In addition, this paper proposes how to take the lead and take initiative in future wars.

THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA RIVALRY AND ITS IMPACTS ON WASHINGTON AND BEIJING RELATIONS WITH HISTORICAL COMPLEXITY OF TAIWAN

This paper aims to analyze the United States and China rivalry which impacts their relationship with Historical Complexity of Taiwan using the Balance of Threat Theory and qualitative research method. Both the United States and China have different perspectives on the Taiwan issue. China considers that historically Taiwan is part of China. However, the disintegration that Taiwan faces makes some Taiwanese people not feel part of China. This incident was later used by the United States in intervening and expanding its influence in the East Asia region since the 1950s. As a result, the Taiwan area has become a battleground for the United States and China as they compete for regional influence. The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) in 1979, provides Washington a legal framework to continue selling weapons to Taiwan. On the other hand, Beijing took the initiative to open a free market with Taipei under the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA) in 2013. This paper suggests that both Beijing and Washington have always refrained from escalating into an open conflict that ended in war. Thus, a future war is unlikely.

Ethnography, cacophony, and Lebanon as a zone of prestige in the anthropology of the Middle East

Ethnography, cacophony, and Lebanon as a zone of prestige in the anthropology of the Middle East

Boyd Van Dijk, Preparing for War

Boyd Van Dijk, Preparing for War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. £80. 400 Pages; ISBN: 9780198868071 Boyd Van Dijk’s Preparing for War—The Making of the Geneva Conventions is a book no international humanitarian law scholar should miss. It is a truly interdisciplinary piece of scholarship, which masterfully handles history, political science and international law in telling the story of the drafting and negotiation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. As its title suggests, the main argument of the book is that, when negotiating the text of the Geneva Conventions, its drafters where not exclusively or predominantly capitalizing on the experience of past wars1 in the name of abstract ideas of humanity, but rather preparing for future wars by bringing to the table very concrete, specific and sometimes mundane interests. Preparing for War gives the reader a sense of the contingency behind the historical events which took place in Geneva, pointing to the fact that the final outcome is not the product of a carefully designed and implemented project but rather the result of the combination of many factors, some predictable and some unpredictable.

“An End to Our Iron and Coal”: Resource Anxiety in Late Victorian Science Fiction

As global social and environmental conditions deteriorate, growing ranks of scientists, environmentalists, and writers have pointed toward population growth and resource scarcity as primary conditions of ecological catastrophe. Studying the “Future War” subgenre of Late Victorian science fiction, I search for the origins of this contemporary concern with so-called “overpopulation” and resource scarcity. By examining George Chesney’s The Battle of Dorking (1871) and H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1889), this paper explores how late Victorian anxieties about the relative decline of the British Empire, constellated around scarcity, continue to frame contemporary understandings of social and environmental crisis today.

해외 주요국의 국방AI 현황 연구

The future battlefield is expected to be very different from what it is today because of the development of new technologies. In particular, it becomes difficult to predict the war’s outcome as AI and robots, whose performance is improved, participate in the battlefield. Accordingly, major countries including the US and China regard AI as the key technology and game changer that changing national competitiveness and future wars. Therefore, they are concentrating their efforts at the national level to occupy advance related technologies and to develop AI weapon systems. For this reason, countries are preparing strategies and policies to defense AI, and are actively expanding infrastructure, such as establishing organizations. In Korea, Defense AI is also being promoted. But, it suffers from a lack of governance that manages and controls integrally. Nevertheless, a significant consensus is forming on the necessity of establishing a defense AI center. In this study, we analyzed the status of defense AI promotion in major foreign countries such as the US, UK, and Australia, and suggested some implications for the establishment of defense AI policies.

Interoperabilitas antar matra dalam skema perang berlarut

<span lang="EN-US">The discourse on the development of the military strategy nowdays is inseparable from the globalization. Defense experts are faced with an increasing trend of international system instability and it is increasingly difficult to predict. The presence of new technology also influences the characteristics of modern conflicts where future wars are becoming increasingly complex. In general, wars are planned by the aggressor for a short period of time in order to achieve victory quickly, however, the little ones force long-lasting wars as protracted wars. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive design. The purpose of this study is to analyze how far the interopability between the branches of the land arm in the protracted war scheme in Indonesia is. The research was carried out at the Army Headquarters and the Army Education and Training Command. The research data were analyzed in four steps, namely data reduction, presenting data, integrating data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that it requires strengthening of interopability between dimensions in the protracted war scheme in Indonesia. The conclusion is that in modern warfare, interoperability is absolutely necessary in military operations. Suggestions for the need for further research on interoperability between branches in the Army Forces in a protracted war scheme are more specific in one large island defense area. </span>

Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics in Future Wars

Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics in Future Wars

Research on the ways in which law changes cognition in cognitive offensive and defensive wars

With the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the focus of all countries in the world on cognitive domain operations has reached a new height, and some people call it “the last frontier of military science.” Starting from the basic theory, this paper expounds the theoretical basis why cognitive attack and defense can become the theoretical basis of war. Finally, combined with the new characteristics of cognitive offensive and defensive battlefields, this paper attempts to summarize the way to combine legitimacy and other cognitive change elements for cognitive offensive and defensive to win future wars from a microscopic perspective.

Forecast of Trends in the Development of Military Assets and Their Use in Future Wars

Forecast of Trends in the Development of Military Assets and Their Use in Future Wars

Challenges for the Conventional Deterrence of Pakistan in the Post 2019 Security Situations: Options and Choices

The study aims at discussing the changing dynamics of conventional deterrence in South Asia especially after the Pulwama-Balakot incident of 2019. The study is evaluated through Descriptive, Exploratory and Predictive data analysis approach. For elaborating different aspects of the study, both primary and secondary data was used. The study conducted in-depth interviews of the experts on the strategic and nuclear environment of the South Asian region. The study is divided in to three parts. In first part of the study, India-Pakistan relations since their independence in 1947 have been discussed. It was followed by discussing how Indian military strategic thinking against Pakistan has been changed from being defensive in Sunderji Doctrine (SD) of 1987 to offensive in the Cold Start Doctrine (CSD) of 2004 and then to the Land Warfare Doctrine (LWD) of 2018. The study then continues on discussing how India has crossed the international border line and conducted so-called surgical strikes inside Pakistani territory after a militant attack on the Indian paramilitary troops in Indian Occupied Kashmir (IoK) in 2019 and how Pakistan responded to the Indian aggression with a military operation codenamed “Operation Swift Retort”. The second part of the study is related to the Indian acquisition of modern sophisticated weaponry from the great powers like US, Israel, Russia etc. and the possible impacts of these weapons systems on the strategic stability of Pakistan. How the weapon systems like Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system, Rafale fighter jets, Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGM), Nuclear Submarine, P8-I Antisubmarine aircraft, Apache attack helicopter, Spy satellites and the armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) will pose threats to Pakistan, was main theme of the second part of the study. The possibility of any future war between India and Pakistan was also discussed in this section. Third section of the study was related to the possible options for Pakistan to counter the growing Indian conventional superiority. It was discussed that Pakistan should improve its long-range air defense system, improve the speed, lethality and range of its missiles, acquire or develop nuclear submarine and fifth generation aircrafts, improve Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities along with the acquisition of attack helicopters and enhancing the endurance and range of armed UAVs to counter any future Indian aggression. Overall the Indian military modernization, the acquisition and procurement of modern sophisticated weaponry was discussed in the study. How negatively it will impact Pakistan and what options and choices are available with Pakistan to counter it, was the basic theme of the study. It was also thoroughly examined that Pakistan’s nuclear weapons are not for wars, but it’s the guarantor of peace in South Asia. It was also examined that Pakistan will never allow any aggression to disturb its strategic stability and will never hesitate to ensure its strategic stability and the basic sovereignty as a state at any cost, even by using its nuclear weapons as a last resort in case of failure of its conventional weapons.

Taking up from COP26 going forward: contribution of the Book “Survival: One Health, One Planet, One Future by George R. Lueddeke”

Since its publication in 2019, the book "Survival: One Health, One Planet, One Future", written by George R. Lueddeke, has proven to be timely and useful in these uncertain and tense ("rattling" – Lueddeke’s word) times we are experiencing. Indeed, we have had (and still are experiencing) the COVID-19 pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine that was started early 2022. In this article, we recall the urgency of climate action, the goals of COP26 (that took place from 31st October to 12th November 2021) and provide suggestions for topics that might deserve a place in a possible update of the book. These topics include (i) a critical analysis of the effects of Russia and Ukraine War and lessons from the perspective of One Health and Wellbeing; (ii) progress in various countries in using the One Health approach to address issues that affect the health and wellbeing of population (equity), the environment and ecosystems in general (including global trends in non-communicable diseases and antimicrobial resistance); and (iii) look at the current global governance systems in relation to how they can better function proactively to prevent future wars (interconnected challenges).

The Strategies and Tactics, Young Generation to Fight Againts Proxy War in the Future

As the Times progressed, more and more changes occurred in the world, in politics, economics, social, and even war. Indonesia must prepare human resources on a large scale in the face of global Change. The role of the younger generation is the most impactful influence for a more developed Indonesia in the future, in the statistics of the Human development index Indonesia is ranked 107 out of 189 countries, an increase of 0.85 from 2020. It is very sad to see other countries in ASEAN such as Singapore which is adjacent to Indonesia which is ranked 11th in the ranking of Human Devolepment index. The future war is not like the form of war that had previously occurred, but now many are fighting using the concept of Proxy war, either hard power or soft power, if Indonesia does not have adequate human resources in the future, Indonesia will suffer enormous losses in the future, both politically, economically, or socially. The young generation itself must also prepare all the needs of each person by understanding political, social, and economic changes, because with the concept of proxy war the target will be attacked accordingly. The formation of each character and also the improvement of soft skills will be very influential in the future, each young generation must also understand the phasing of attacks from the proxy war scale and also strategies, tactics in facing future wars (Proxywar).

Combat Art: An Avant-Garde Approach to Developing Critical Thinkers

Combat art—in this case, paintings and sketches created by Marines and drawn from lived combat experience—is a unique form of fine art. A body of research suggests that studying fine art can develop critical thinking skills that transfer across numerous disciplines. For U.S. Marines, engaging combat art improves the critical thinking skills and creative problem-solving abilities needed to succeed in future wars. Moreover, as fine art created by Marines in war, combat art also prepares a Marine’s mind for the physical and emotional realities of combat.

The Use of Cybernetic Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence as Support for the Decision-Making Process in the Military Field

Abstract In the future, at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare, replacing human will and human decision with autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI) weapon systems becomes every day a high possible scenario. These systems are already in use and have the ability to successfully deal with threats faster than humans. Countering AI weapon systems will represent a great challenge in a future war. Both military and commercial robots will in the future incorporate “artificial intelligence” (AI) that could make them capable of performing tasks and missions on their own. In the military context, this gives rise to a debate as to whether such robots should be allowed to carry out missions, especially if there is a possibility that any human life may be in the line of fire. Thus, it can be stated that unconventional knowledge will be required for successfully defeat of such a weapon system.

Russia's Possible View on the Future Shape of the War

Leading security experts warn the Western community about the correct understanding of Russia's vision of future conflicts. Based on the study of the available literature, we analyzed individual approaches and pointed out the importance of understanding Russia's individual steps to fulfill their interests. The aim of the research was to compare the approach of the Western Community and Russia to new ways of conducting future conflicts with an emphasis on the hybrid way of conducting war. In our research, we primarily focused on the Western vision of hybrid warfare and the Russian vision of the future war, which is diametrically different. The basic findings are that Russia is shaping military and non-military instruments of state power to combat hybrid threats. The Russian military defines "hybrid warfare" as an effort at the strategic level to shape, manage and geostrategically orient a target state, in which all means adopted, including the use of conventional military forces in regional conflicts, are the subject of an information campaign. Russia considers the Venezuelan presidential crisis, the Libyan conflict, the Syrian civil war, and the crisis in Belarus and Ukraine as examples of hybrid war. In conclusion, we assess that the Russian army is actively focusing on preparing for future conflicts and increasing the capabilities it considers necessary for victory in the hybrid war. In addition, we have compiled a list of measures to reassess the strategy and approach of the Western Community and Slovakia to Russia.