Future Remnant Liver Function Research Articles

Effect of Sarcopenia on the Increase in Liver Volume and Function After Portal Vein Embolization

PurposeSarcopenia is associated with a decreased kinetic growth rate (KGR) of the future liver remnant (FLR) after portal vein embolization (PVE). However, little is known on the increase in FLR function (FLRF) after PVE. This study evaluated the effect of sarcopenia on the functional growth rate (FGR) after PVE measured with hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS).MethodsAll patients who underwent PVE at the Amsterdam UMC between January 2005 and August 2017 were analyzed. Functional imaging by HBS was used to determine FGR. Liver volumetry was performed using multiphase contrast computed tomography (CT). Muscle area measurement to determine sarcopenia was taken at the third lumbar level (L3).ResultsOut of the 95 included patients, 9 were excluded due to unavailable data. 70/86 (81%) patients were sarcopenic. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia (p = 0.009) and FLR volume (FRLV) before PVE (p = 0.021) were the only factors correlated with KGR, while no correlation was found with FGR. 90-day mortality was similar across the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic group (4/53 [8%] versus 1/11 [9%]; p = 1.000). The resection rates were also comparable (53/70 [75%] versus 11/16 [69%]; p = 0.542).ConclusionFGR after PVE as measured by HBS appears to be preserved in sarcopenic patients. This is in contrast to KGR after PVE as measured by liver volumetry which is decreased in sarcopenic patients.Level of EvidenceLevel 3b, cohort and case control studies.

Free mebrofenin clearance.

To determine if three new simplified equations for measurement of free mebrofenin clearance give similar results to the equations defined by Ekman et. al ., and to evaluate the properties of all four methods. Regional mebrofenin clearance has been used to predict future remnant liver function and liver failure after regional liver therapy, such as partial hepatic resection. The means, standard deviations, and correlations of the free mebrofenin clearance measured by the Ekman method and the three simplified methods were compared in a consecutive series of 26 studies in 20 patients. The fractional change in the blood and free mebrofenin activities were compared, and integrals of normalized blood and free mebrofenin ("effective times") were compared. The average percent free mebrofenin clearance for the Ekman and the first, second and third simplified methods were 13.62 ± 2.88%/min, 12.98 ± 2.97%/min, 12.52 ± 2.81%/min and 15.03 ± 2.27%/min, respectively. The correlations of the new methods with Ekman were 0.97, 0.93 and 0.93. The fractional changes during the measurement interval for the blood and free mebrofenin activities were 0.381 ± 0.065 and 0.329 ± 0.062, difference 0.052, P < 0.5. The integrals of normalized blood and free mebrofenin activities were 2.566 ± 0.160 min and 2.661 ± 0.158 min, difference of 0.094 min and P < 0.05. The results of the three new methods were similar to the Ekman method. The first simplified method was identified as the lead method for clinical validation in a larger population.

Can 3D imaging modeling recognize functional tissue and predict liver failure? A retrospective study based on 3D modelling of the major hepatectomies after hepatic modulation

BackgroundThanks to the introduction of radiomics, 3d reconstruction can be able to analyse tissues and recognise true hypertrophy from non-functioning tissue in patients treated with major hepatectomies with hepatic modulation.The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of 3D Imaging Modelling in predict liver failure.MethodsPatients submitted to major hepatectomies after hepatic modulation at Sanchinarro University Hospital from May 2015 to October 2019 were analysed.Three-dimensional reconstruction was realised before and after surgical treatment. The volumetry of Future Liver Remnant was calculated, distinguishing in Functional Future Liver Remnant (FRFx) i.e. true hypertrophy tissue and Anatomic Future Liver Remnant (FRL) i.e. hypertrophy plus no functional tissue (oedema/congestion) These volumes were analysed in patients with and without post hepatic liver failure.ResultsTwenty-four procedures were realised (11 ALPPS and 13 PVE followed by major hepatectomy). Post hepatic liver failure grade B and C occurred in 6 patients. The ROC curve showed a better AUC for FRFxV (74%) with respect to FRLV (54%) in prediction PHLF > B. The increase of anatomical FRL (iFRL) was superior in the ALPPS group (120%) with respect to the PVE group (73%) (p = 0,041), while the increase of functional FRFX (iFRFx) was 35% in the ALLPS group and 46% in the PVE group (p > 0,05), showing no difference in the two groups.ConclusionThe 3D reconstruction model can allow optimal surgical planning, and through the use of specific algorithms, can contribute to differential functioning liver parenchyma of the FLR.

Comparing Liver Venous Deprivation and Portal Vein Embolization for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Is It Time to Shift the Focus to Hepatic Functional Reserve Rather than Hypertrophy?

Purpose: Among liver hypertrophy technics, liver venous deprivation (LVD) has been recently introduced as an effective procedure to combine simultaneous portal inflow and hepatic outflow abrogation, raising growing clinical interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of LVD for preoperative optimization of future liver remnant (FLR) in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC), especially when compared with portal vein embolization (PVE). Methods: Between January 2013 and July 2022, all patients diagnosed with PHC and scheduled for preoperative optimization of FTR, through radiological hypertrophy techniques, prior to liver resection, were included. FTR volumetric assessment was evaluated at two distinct timepoints to track the progression of both early (T1, 10 days post-procedural) and late (T2, 21 days post-procedural) efficacy indicators. Post-procedural outcomes, including functional and volumetric analyses, were compared between the LVD and the PVE cohorts. Results: A total of 12 patients underwent LVD while 19 underwent PVE. No significant differences in either post-procedural or post-operative complications were found. Post-procedural FLR function, calculated with (99m) Tc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and kinetic growth rate, at both timepoints, were greater in the LVD cohort (3.12 ± 0.55%/min/m2 vs. 2.46 ± 0.64%/min/m2, p = 0.041; 27.32 ± 16.86%/week (T1) vs. 15.71 ± 9.82%/week (T1) p < 0.001; 17.19 ± 9.88%/week (T2) vs. 9.89 ± 14.62%/week (T2) p = 0.034) when compared with the PVE cohort. Post-procedural FTR volumes were similar for both hypertrophy techniques. Conclusions: LVD is an effective procedure to effectively optimize FLR before liver resection for PHC. The faster growth rate combined with the improved FLR function, when compared to PVE alone, could maximize surgical outcomes by lowering post-hepatectomy liver failure rates.

Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy to assess future liver remnant function before major liver surgery.

Assessment of liver function is paramount before hepatectomy. This study aimed to assess future liver remnant function (FLR-F) using hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) and to compare it to FLR volume (FLR-V) in the prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). The impact of volume and function gains were also assessed in patients undergoing portal vein embolization (PVE) or liver venous deprivation (LVD). All consecutive patients undergoing major hepatectomy between 02/2018 and 09/2021 with preoperative HBS were included. FLR-V was expressed as percentage of total liver volume and analyzed using preoperative computed tomography. FLR-V and FLR-F gains after embolization were expressed in percentage. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare both methods in predicting PHLF. Thirty-six patients were included. PVE and LVD were performed in 4 (11%) and 28 patients (78%), respectively. Overall, PHLF occurred in eight patients (22%). FLR-F gain after embolization showed significant ability to predict PHLF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.789), with cut-off value of 150% showing a sensitivity of 1.00, a specificity of 0.42, and a negative predictive value of 1.00. Preoperative HBS shows a high sensitivity to predict PHLF when HBS is performed twice to measure the function gain after venous embolization.

Establishment and Internal Validation of a Prognostic Score for Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure Based on Functional Liver Parameters Estimated via TC-99m GSA.

Background The 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (Tc-99mGSA) scintigraphy evaluates the future remnant liver function, which is an important prognostic factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). This study aimed to establish a new prognostic score for PHLF, including the functional liver parameters evaluated by Tc-99mGSA scintigraphy. Materials and methods This study reviewed a single-center, retrospective 368-patient database of those who underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomy in Meiwa Hospital from January 2016 to October 2021. Moreover, 102 patients who underwent Tc-99mGSA scintigraphy following hepatectomy were analyzed. The index of blood clearance of the tracer was calculated from the uptake ratio of heart at 15 minutes to that at 3 minutes (HH15) and the index of hepatic accumulation was calculated from the uptake ratio of liver to liver plus heart at 15 minutes after the injection (LHL15) were calculated for the general functional parameters. The maximal removal rate of Tc-99mGSA (GSARmax) was also calculated, then the GSARmax of the remnant liver (GSARmax-RL) was estimated as the future remnant liver function depending on the hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the PHLF predictor, and then a risk-scoring system was established with the 1,000-times bootstrapped validation. Results PHLF (grade ≥ B) was observed in 13 of 102 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that PHLF was independently predicted by GSARmax-RL (<0.26 mg/min) and LHL15 (<0.89). The risk score was assigned to each itemand then classified into four subgroups, with a predicted PHLF of 3.7%, 14.4%, 42.8%, and 76.8%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated good discrimination (adjusted area under the curve (AUC) after bootstrapped validation, 0.779). The ROC curve analysis compared with other prognostic scores showed that the new model had the highest AUC values for accuracy. Conclusions The new prognostic score based on Tc-99mGSA scintigraphy could recognize patients with a high risk of progressing to PHLF and be helpful in planning therapeutic strategies.

Assessment of the future liver remnant function using mebrofenin scintigraphy in patients undergoing major hepatectomy: An Australian case series

Assessment of the future liver remnant function using mebrofenin scintigraphy in patients undergoing major hepatectomy: An Australian case series

Role of Preoperative Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Children Requiring Liver Resection.

The risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains an important concern following major liver resection. Assessment of future remnant liver function (FRLF) by hepatobiliary scintigraphy has shown its significance to prevent PHLF after major liver resection in adults with a threshold value of FRLF greater than 2.7%/min per m2. However, such data for pediatric patients were not published. A total of 77 pediatric patients with liver tumors who underwent 1-stage liver resection were included in this study. Assessment of FRLF, future remnant liver volume (FRLV), and the ratio of remnant liver volume to body weight (RLV-BWR) was performed before the surgery. All patients had RLV-BWR values of more than 0.5%/kg. Future remnant liver volume values ranged from 19% to 89%, and FRLF values ranged from 1.8% to 31.8%/min per m2. Only 7 of 77 patients had FRLV values less than 25%, but their FRLF values exceeded 2.7%/min per m2. Two patients developed grade A and grade B PHLF. Future remnant liver volume and the RLV-BWR can be used in most pediatric patients for the assessment of liver before hepatectomy. According to our data, implementation of FRLF assessment using hepatobiliary scintigraphy can be most beneficial for children with FRLV of less than 25%. The cutoff value of FRLV greater than 25% can be slightly decreased with minimal risk of developing PHLF. However, to establish a new cutoff value for FRLV in children, further prospective studies including larger numbers of patients with FRLV of less than 25% are needed.

How to implement the hiba index: a low-cost method for assessing future liver remnant function

Background: HIBA index is a novel method based on Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (HBS) and Spect CT that can accurately predict posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) when planning a major liver resection.

ALPPS for Left Trisectionectomy with Reconstruction of the Hepato-caval Junction Using a Peritoneal Patch Under Total Vascular Exclusion.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) may rescue remnant liver hypertrophy after failure of portal vein embolization (PVE).1 Venous reconstruction is unusual during the first step of ALPPS.2 We report herein an ALPPS for colorectal liver metastases with reconstruction of the hepato-caval junction during the first step. After failure of left PVE, a total ALPPS procedure was performed to achieve left trisectionectomy. A complete transection of the parenchyma was done to avoid extensive dissection during the second step in the context of the venous reconstruction. Total vascular exclusion (TVE) was applied selectively during venous reconstruction using a peritoneal patch.3 RESULTS: The first step lasted 285 min with 200 ml of blood loss, and 29 min of TVE. On postoperative day (POD) 5 there was a good recovery of liver function [prothrombin time 75%; bilirubin 25 µmol/L]. On POD 14, imaging showed an increase of the future remnant liver volume and function to 50% and 48%, respectively. The second step of ALPPS lasted 120 min, with transfusion of one unit of blood, allowing resection of seven liver metastases. Postoperative course experienced a biliary fistula, the patient was discharged on POD 31 and received adjuvant chemotherapy. There was recurrence of one liver metastasis, treated by percutaneous ablation before later resection of the primary. The patient was free of recurrence 12 months after ALPPS. Hepato-caval junction reconstruction can be performed during the first step of an ALPPS procedure, facilitated by the availability of a peritoneum patch.

Volume and flow modulation strategies to mitigate post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Post hepatectomy liver failure is the most common cause of death following major hepatic resections with a perioperative mortality rate between 40% to 60%. Various strategies have been devised to increase the volume and function of future liver remnant (FLR). This study aims to review the strategies used for volume and flow modulation to reduce the incidence of post hepatectomy liver failure. An electronic search was performed of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2022 using the following search strategy "Post hepatectomy liver failure", "flow modulation", "small for size flow syndrome", "portal vein embolization", "dual vein embolization", "ALPPS" and "staged hepatectomy" to identify all articles published relating to this topic. Volume and flow modulation strategies have evolved over time to maximize the volume and function of FLR to mitigate the risk of PHLF. Portal vein with or without hepatic vein embolization/ligation, ALPPS, and staged hepatectomy have resulted in significant hypertrophy and kinetic growth of FLR. Similarly, techniques including portal flow diversion, splenic artery ligation, splenectomy and pharmacological agents like somatostatin and terlipressin are employed to reduce the risk of small for size flow syndrome SFSF syndrome by decreasing portal venous flow and increasing hepatic artery flow at the same time. The current review outlines the various strategies of volume and flow modulation that can be used in isolation or combination in the management of patients at risk of PHLF.

Multimodal perioperative assessment of liver function and volume in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis: a comparison of the indocyanine green retention test, 99mTc mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI.

To compare the dynamic changes in future liver remnant (FLR) function and volume after hepatectomy and to evaluate the associations between three modalities in assessment of liver function. Liver function and volume were quantified pre-operatively, at post-operative day (POD) 7 and POD 28 in 10 patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing hemihepatectomy using the indocyanine green retention (ICG) test, hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. The 99mTc mebrofenin uptake rate in the FLR was applied as a reference of liver function. MRI-derived parameters including liver-to-muscle ratio (LMR), liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR) and hepatocellular uptake index (HUI) were used for liver function assessment. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations. Increase in liver function ranged from 13 to 152% (median 92%) and in volume from 37 to 134% (median 79%). There was no significant discrepancy in increase between FLR function and volume during the first month following hepatectomy. LMR showed a significant correlation to ICG test (r = -0.66, p < 0.05) while LSR had an association with standardized FLR function obtained by HBS (r = -0.71, p < 0.05). During the first week after hepatectomy, pre-operative HUI and LMR showed the strongest correlation to the FLR growth in function and volume respectively (p < 0.05). The observed growth in FLR volume is closely related to the functional increase within 1 month after hepatectomy. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI might substitute HBS for regional liver function assessment and provide an imaging tool for liver growth prediction. Liver function growth was parallel with liver volume increase during the perioperative period. Liver function assessment with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was comparable with that of HBS indicating that gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI could substitute HBS for regional liver function evaluation.

Increased future liver function after modified associating liver partition and portal vein ligation/embolization for staged hepatectomy.

BackgroundThe increasing ratio of functional future liver remnant (functional %FLR) after modified associating liver partition and portal vein ligation/embolization for staged hepatectomy (modified-ALPPS) compared with portal vein embolization (PVE) has not been comprehensively evaluated.PurposeTo compare the increasing ratio of functional %FLR between modified-ALPPS and PVE via technetium-99 m-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT) fusion imaging.Material and MethodsSeven and six patients underwent modified-ALPPS (modified-ALPPS group) and PVE (PVE group) from 2015 to 2019. The functional %FLR on 99 mTc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging was assessed before and 1 week (modified-ALPPS group) and 3 weeks (PVE group) after each procedure. The increasing ratio of functional %FLR (functional %FLR ratio) was calculated and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the hypertrophy ratio of future liver remnant volume (FLRV ratio) and atrophy ratio of embolized liver volume (.ELV ratio) were evaluated.ResultsThe mean functional %FLR ratios of the modified-ALPPS group (1.47 ± 0.15) and the PVE group (1.49 ± 0.20) were comparable (p > .05). The median FLRV ratio of modified-ALPPS group (1.48) was higher than that of the PVE group (1.16), the median ELV ratio of the PVE group (0.81) was lower than that of the modified-ALPPS group (0.94), and the results significantly differed between the two groups (p < .05).ConclusionThe increasing ratio of functional %FLR was comparable between modified-ALPPS and PVE. Compared with PVE, ALPPS was associated with a higher hypertrophy rate of the remnant liver but a lower atrophy rate of the embolized liver.

Usefulness of Liver Uptake Rate Constant in 99mTc-GSA Scintigraphy for the Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: A New Method for Calculation

Introduction: The use of technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (^99mTc-GSA) scintigraphy parameters, HH15 and LHL15, in assessing the future liver remnant function is not expedient because of their nonlinear behaviour against liver volume. Uptake rate constant for the binding of ^99mTc-GSA to asialoglycoprotein receptors is probably more favourable, but the reported calculation methods are complex. We devised a simple method to calculate the uptake rate constant, KrGSA. Methods: Radioactivity counts for the entire liver and heart regions were extracted at 10, 20, and 30 min. Using whole liver and heart volumes measured from single-photon emission computed tomography images, free radioactivity corresponding to the liver blood pool was subtracted. The time activity curve was fitted to the equation L(t) = L(∞) × [1 − Exp (−kt)] using Microsoft Office Excel (add-in free programme Solver)®, where L(∞) is the count at plateau level and k denotes KrGSA. Results: KrGSA values accurately identified liver cirrhosis and were similar to the KICG. The areas under the curve for KrGSA and KICG in the receiver operating characteristic analysis were 0.808 and 0.795, respectively, and a good correlation was seen between KrGSA and KICG. Discussion/Conclusion: KrGSA can be utilized as an alternative to KICG in assessing the future liver remnant function.

Prehabilitation for Older Adults Undergoing Liver Resection: Getting Patients and Surgeons Up to Speed.

Morbidity rates following liver resection are high, especially among older adult patients. This review aims to evaluate the evidence surrounding prehabilitation in older patients anticipating liver resection and to describe how prehabilitation may be implemented. Problem-based narrative review with case-based discussion. All older adults anticipating liver resection inclusive of benign and malignant etiologies in the United States. Literature search was performed using MeSH terms and keywords in MEDLINE via PubMed, followed by a manual second search for relevant references within selected articles. Articles were excluded if not available in the English language or did not include patients undergoing hepatectomy. Prehabilitation includes a range of activities including exercise, nutrition/dietary changes, and psychosocial interventions that may occur from several weeks to days preceding a surgical operation. Older adult patients who participate in prehabilitation may experience improvement in preoperative candidacy as well as improved postoperative quality of life and faster return to baseline; however, evidence supporting a reduction in postoperative length of stay and perioperative morbidity and mortality is conflicting. A variety of modalities are available for prehabilitation but lack consensus and standardization. For a provider desiring to prescribe prehabilitation, multidisciplinary assessments including geriatric, cardiopulmonary, and future remnant liver function can help determine individual patient needs and select appropriate interventions. In the older adult patient undergoing liver resection, the current body of literature suggests promising benefits of prehabilitation programs inclusive of functional assessment as well as multimodal interventions. Additional research is needed to determine best practices.

Increase of Liver Function and Volume after ALPPS Determined by MRI in a Rat Model

Introduction: It has been hypothesized that rapid increase of liver volume after ALPPS (Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy) is not accompanied by a proportional increase of function. This study uses a rat models of major liver resection (LR), ALPPS and portal vein ligation (PVL) to test this hypothesis by measuring liver volume and function with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Wistar rats (200-250g) were randomly allocated to LR, ALPPS or PVL. T1-weighted MRI scans (7.0T MR Solutions,Guildford,UK) were performed until postoperative day 5. Uptake kinetics (2D-FLASH;TR/TE=589/8) of Primovist® (1mmol/kg,Bayer AG,Berlin, Germany) were measured in the future liver remnant (FLR) and spleen (blood pool). Liver volume was assessed during the excretion phase (2D-FLASH;TR/TE=4150/11; thickness 1mm). Liver function of the FLR was defined as the inverse value of time [min] from injection of Primovist® to maximum signal intensity multiplied by respective volume of the FLR [ccm]. Results: Percent increase of FLR volume overestimates FLR function at day 1 in all three, ALPPS, LR and PVL. From day 2, function and volume of the FLR increase proportionally in all procedures (Figure 1). Percent increase of liver function exceeds liver volume from day 2 until day 5 in ALPPS and LR, but not in PVL. Conclusion: This animal study rejects the hypothesis that functional increase is not proportional to volume increase in ALPPS. While function is impaired on day 1, ALPPS leads to a congruent increase of volume and function after day 1, similar to LR.

Extensive liver resection in a child with an extremely low future liver remnant volume

The incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure in adult patients and a large number of complications of two-stage liver resections require a search for criteria that allow highly accurate assessment of the risk of liver failure. For this purpose, the study of the future liver remnant volume and function have been widely introduced among adult patients, and the future liver remnant function measurement reflects the greater sensitivity. The absence of references to posthepatectomy liver failure, as well as the experience of determining the functional reserve of the future liver remnant in children, let us to suggest the possibility of a wider using one-stage liver resections when the future liver remnant volume is below the generally accepted threshold (25% of the healthy liver parenchyma volume) in the case of the functional reserve sufficient value. This clinical case describes the successful extended right hemihepatectomy and segmentectomy 1 in a 3-year patient with a future liver remnant volume of 16.5% without clinical signs of postresection hepatic failure, which confirms the thesis of the need to assess the functional liver reserve in pediatric oncology to reduce the frequency of two-stage resections and liver transplants. The patient’s parents gave consent to the use of their child’s data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

Determination of the segmental hepatic clearance rate of 99mTc-mebrofenin and its application in the functional assessment of future liver remnant after liver resection

99mTc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (HBS-M) has become an important quantitative method to evaluate global liver function and future liver remnant (FLR) function in patients who are candidates for resective liver surgery. The purpose of this work was to describe the method in the prediction of post-surgical liver failure.The overall liver function and that of the FLR are obtained by analysis of the initial dynamic phase of the scan. Liver volume to be preserved is expressed as a percentage of the total liver volume measured in both CT sections.HBS-M is able to accurately gauge regional liver function abnormalities that could be represented as normal liver tissue parenchyma in the CT study. This technique can provide very valuable prognostic information for the estimation of the postoperative risk of liver failure in all patients who are candidates for resective liver surgery.

Determinación de la tasa de aclaramiento hepático segmentario de 99mTc-mebrofenina y su aplicación en la evaluación funcional del remanente hepático futuro tras resección hepática

99mTc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (HBS-M) has become an important quantitative method to evaluate global liver function and future liver remnant function (FLR) in patients candidate for resective liver surgery. The purpose of this work is to describe the method, in the prediction of post-surgical liver failure.The overall liver function and that of the future liver remmant (FLR) are obtained from the analysis of the initial dynamic phase of the scan. Liver volume to be preserved is expressed as a percentage of the total liver volume measured both from the CT sections.HBS-M is able to accurately gauge regional liver function abnormalities that could be represented as normal liver tissue parenchyma in the CT study. This technique can provide very valuable prognostic information for the estimation of the postoperative risk of liver failure in all patients candidates for resective liver surgery.

Search threshold values of future liver remnant function and volume for extensive resections in children

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between the future liver remnant volume and function and determine the possible threshold values of these parameters for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure in children.Methods. Data of 57 patients who underwent major hepatectomy from July 2017 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Before surgery all children underwent the CT-volumetry and 99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The threshold values for the future liver volume and function were considered 25%, and 2.7%/min/m2 , respectively. After surgery the ISGLS and 50–50 criteria for posthepatectomy liver failure were assessed. The principal components method was used to identify risk factors for its development. The correlation analysis included the maximum value of total bilirubin after hepatectomy, as well as the values of total bilirubin, albumin, urea, prothrombin index, international normalized ratio and platelets on the postoperative day 5.Results. The posthepatectomy liver failure was observed in 2 patients: grade B developed in a patient with FLR-V 43%, FLR-F 1.8%/min/m2 , grade A in a patient with FLR-V 16.5% and FLR-F 4.78%/min/m2 . A significant statistical relationship of average strength was revealed between the indicators of FLR-F and FLR-V (Pearson η = 0.409; p &lt; 0.01). However, direct pairwise comparison did not reveal the relationship between future liver remnant volume, function and the laboratory parameters. The principal components analysis showed that during the postoperative period, the prothrombin index and international normalized ratio value were the most sensitive to the large volume of the liver parenchyma loss. The threshold value of FLR-F (3%/min/m2 ) was calculated. The decrease below this value can lead to posthepatectomy liver failure, which will manifest as a hemostasis disorder.Conclusion. Planning a one-staged hepatectomy not only the future liver remnant volume should be taken into account, but also its function. The threshold for future liver remnant volume in children is below the generally accepted level 25%. To perform one-stage hepatectomies in such patients, the FLR-F must be at least 2.7%/min/m2 . The future investigations in this field is waranteed.