Future Production Research Articles

Future Installation, Production and Global Trade of Clean Energy Technologies

Future Installation, Production and Global Trade of Clean Energy Technologies

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF MODERN ECOLOGICAL SAFETY

Environmental safety of objects, states and processes on the eve of the next qualitative leap in the structure and dynamics of science and production is considered in the context of a radical reorientation of scientific and technological progress. Paying attention to the social, political, economic and moral prerequisites of the globalization reorientation of society, attention is drawn to those opportunities that have appeared in society in modern times. The study of the phenomenon of environmental safety is structured in the work in such a way that a person no longer simply confronts the object as something external, but turns into a constituent part of the system that it changes. The work provides some basic parameters of the state of ecological security in Ukraine, including the period of war. Modern science and technology, which are the basis of technologies, including environmental protection, fragment the world in a fundamentally different way than in previous eras, bringing new types of objects into the orbit of human activity – complex self-developing systems with human participation. The study shows that the development of such systems is accompanied by passage through special states of instability (bifurcation); at these moments, influences lead to the emergence of new structures, levels of organization, transforming the previous ones. The course of evolution clearly shows that the promotion of bio-saving technologies takes place on a number of levels: low-waste technologies, environmentally friendly production, bioautonomous processes, rising by extrapolation to the degree of biosphere-compatible technologies or autotrophic production. In the given chain, each subsequent element cannot function without the previous one. And there is no reason to simplify the situation, believing that in the future production will be based exclusively on bioreproduction. it will probably contain elements of bioconservation, bioregeneration, and bioautonomy. It has been established that a person is subject to such influence as an object not only of the biosphere, but also of technology and the primary source of technogenic influence on the environment, which must be taken into account during the formation of the philosophical basis of the strategy of environmental security of society.

Numerical analysis and experimental study for removal of copper and zinc from groundwater by dielectric barrier discharge

ABSTRACT Conventional methods of treating zinc and copper have the disadvantages of secondary contamination and complex control processes. This paper investigates the removal characteristics of gas–liquid mixed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in high-concentration copper–zinc groundwater. The study combines numerical simulation and experimentation to analyze the effects of discharge power, initial pH, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate on copper and zinc removal rates. The results show that a better gas–liquid mixing distribution can be achieved when the inlet flow rate is 40 L/min and the inlet flow rate is below 200 mL/min. The removal of Cu can be up to 98.68% and Zn up to 96.28% when the discharge power is 56 W and the initial pH is 11. The optimum treatment time for Cu2+ is 3–6 min, while the best copper removal occurs at a gas flow rate of 20–30 L/min and a liquid flow rate of 100 mL/min. It was found that the optimum treatment time for Zn2+ was different for different process parameters, mainly in the range of 9–12 min, which needs to be noted in future production applications. Therefore, DBD can efficiently eliminate copper and zinc ions from groundwater to meet environmental discharge standards.

Development of a new plant factory concept with sustainable water and energy supply

As the global population exceeds 8 billion and is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, the demand for sustainable food production has become increasingly pressing. This study investigates the integration of aquaponics into solar-assisted plant factories as an innovative solution to enhance agricultural productivity and minimize environmental impacts. The aquaponics establishes a closed-loop nutrient cycle, utilizing fish waste to nourish plants and optimize water recycling.Employing a two-tiered design, optimized through the Design of Experiments (DOE), the system enables effective resource management and operational efficiency. Operational data reveal the system's ability to maintain favorable temperature and humidity conditions, promoting uniform plant growth. The analysis identifies the mist irrigation method and LED lighting as critical factors that positively influence both root and leaf growth, establishing an optimal combination for sustainable cultivation.These findings underscore the potential of renewable energy-powered plant factories as a viable model for sustainable food production, contributing to local food self-sufficiency and regional economic revitalization. This research highlights the importance of advancing innovative agricultural practices to address the dual challenges of population growth and climate change, advocating for the development and implementation of sustainable technologies to secure future food production.

Evaluating Agricultural Production Efficiency in Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces: A Three-Stage DEA and Malmquist Index Approach

This study assesses the agricultural production efficiency of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces from 2018 to 2022, with a focus on the impact of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Integration Development Plan. Utilizing a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist index, the research controls for environmental factors and analyzes efficiency changes dynamically. The results indicate that Jiangsu achieved a higher rate of technological progress, with an average annual growth rate of 1.0066, which drove its overall productivity gains. In contrast, Anhui demonstrated substantial potential in scale efficiency, reflecting opportunities for future productivity improvements through optimized resource allocation. The regional integration plan appears to have played a pivotal role in advancing agricultural productivity in Jiangsu by facilitating technology-driven improvements. Findings suggest that while Jiangsu should continue to enhance its technological capabilities, Anhui could focus on harnessing its scale efficiency potential to bridge the productivity gap between the two provinces. These insights underscore the significance of regional integration policies in fostering balanced agricultural development, promoting both technological progress and scale efficiency across different regional contexts.

Efficient biosynthesis of bilirubin by overexpressing heme oxygenase, biliverdin reductase and 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in Escherichia coli

Bilirubin IXα (BR) offers health benefits in cardiovascular health, stroke, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. BR is mainly extracted from pig bile, bringing potential risks due to infectious viruses. In this study, an efficient pathway for BR biosynthesis was constructed by overexpression of heme oxygenase (HO1) and biliverdin reductase (BvdR) in Escherichia coli. Co-expression of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase improved BR production by the recombinant E. coli. In addition, glutamate supplementation in culture media enhanced BR production. Interestingly, it was discovered that ALA exhibited inhibitory effects on HO1 activity and reduced BR production. Culture conditions including post-induction temperature, IPTG concentration, pH of TB media and induction start time were optimized. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was carried out for the strain SH2, producing a BR titer of 62.1 mg/L in a 20 L bioreactor. This study lays foundation for future scalable production of BR in recombinant E. coli.

Research Progress of Zero-Busbar Technology Based on Heterojunction Photovoltaic Modules

In order to reduce manufacturing costs, the design of silicon-based solar modules is changing from a super-multi-busbar design to a zero-busbar (0BB) design. In this study, two different 0BB technologies based on heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer solar cells—conventional soldering, and Integrated Film Covering (IFC)—were investigated. IFC-based 0BB technology was found to have a lower contact resistance, which well matches the theoretical calculations and module power testing results. To further measure module reliability, a series of tests on solders and silver pastes were carried out. The results show that Sn43Pb43Bi14 solder is more suitable for soldering-based 0BB technology, whereas Sn32Pb42Bi26 solder is more suitable for IFC-based technology. Additionally, silver paste, which is used for solder ribbon contact areas (SRCAs), is suitable for soldering-based 0BB technology. When Ag@Cu paste is used in SRCAs with IFC-based 0BB technology, a reliable connection can also be achieved. After optimization, modules using both techniques were subjected to and passed lifetime tests, including the thermal cycling, humidity freeze, and hot-spot tests required in IEC standards, as well as more rigorous tests such as thermal–dynamic and thermal–static mechanical loading. The results show that the two technologies have great potential for future mass production.

A novel methanol production process utilizing carbon black from turquoise hydrogen: Integration with chemical looping hydrogen generation

Turquoise hydrogen production is an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method that generates carbon black as a byproduct. This study presents a novel approach for incorporating carbon black into chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG). Previous research has primarily evaluated the economic feasibility of turquoise hydrogen production based on revenue from selling carbon black. However, as turquoise hydrogen gains broader commercialization, the surplus of carbon black could saturate the market. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative strategies for carbon black use to maintain the economic viability of the process without relying solely on its sale. This study proposes a process that integrates turquoise hydrogen production with CLHG, using carbon black from the production process as feedstock for the CLHG. This integrated process doubles the hydrogen production compared to turquoise hydrogen production alone. The generated hydrogen is then used for methanol (MeOH) synthesis, along with the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during the reaction. Comprehensive energy, environmental, techno-economic, and sensitivity analyses were conducted for the proposed process. The energy analysis revealed a total energy efficiency of 66.21 %. Environmental analysis revealed that the specific direct CO2 equivalent (eq.) emissions and specific total CO2 eq. emissions were 0.11 t/t MeOH and 0.975 t/t MeOH, respectively. The levelized cost of methanol was $188.02/t without a carbon tax and $216.75/t with a carbon tax, reflecting a 43.04 %–45.69 % reduction compared with the conventional methanol production process. Integrating turquoise hydrogen production with the CLHG process and using carbon black as a feedstock presents a promising, economically, and environmentally sustainable solution for future methanol production.

Physics-based, data-driven production forecasting in the Utica and Point Pleasant Formation

We introduce a robust, data-driven and physics-based method to forecast the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of gas and condensates from the Utica-Point Pleasant Formation. By categorizing 3,410 horizontal wells into eight static cohorts based on the initial gas-oil ratios (GOR) and completion dates, we construct generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions of annual reservoir fluid mass production for each cohort. We use the expected values (means) to build historical, statistical well prototypes for each cohort. These prototypes account for hydraulic fracture deterioration, pressure interference between neighboring fractures, well interference, and advancements in completion technology. We extrapolate mass production of the reservoir fluids for several decades by fitting the scaling parameters of our physics-based model to the statistical well prototypes. A key innovation in this approach is using GEV statistics to generate a time series for each cohort’s GOR and condensate-gas ratio (CGR). We replace the individual production rates from all existing wells with their corresponding extended well prototypes and convert mass to volumetric rates. We sum up the latter rates and provide a base forecast of total reservoir fluid rates and cumulative production, closely matching the historical field production. Our base forecasts predict approximately 23 trillion scf of gas and 200 million barrels of condensate by 2035.The Utica-Point Pleasant Formation is divided into core and noncore areas, each further subdivided into regions based on fluid types. We analyze the future infill potential per square mile in each of these regions, proposing two drilling schedules and four potential future drilling scenarios. We identify approximately 35,847 potential future wells: 12,476 in the core area and 23,371 in the noncore area. The core wells can contribute about 157 trillion scf of natural gas and 0.9 billion barrels of condensate.This study marks the first integrated evaluation of the future production from the Utica-Point Pleasant Formation by combining GEV statistics, physics-based modeling, big-data analysis, geology, proposed drilling programs, and economics. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the Utica-Point Pleasant Formation’s significance in future U.S. shale production.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Peran BMT UGT Nusantara Dalam Melatih Manajemen Keuangan Terhadap Produk Tabungan Tampan (Tabungan Masa Depan)

This activity aims to determine the quality of financial literacy in the Sumbermanjing Wetan area community regarding money management with future savings products (MAPAN) so that the increasingly diverse customer needs are also accompanied by intense competition, encouraging BMT UGT Nusantara Sumbermanjing Wetan branch to increase customer interest. Of course, using sharia principles with a mudharabah musyarakah agreement, where the hope is that the benefits obtained can help in the expected future. The methods used in this research are observation and documentation. In the sharia financial system and Baitul Malwadhamil BMT, the profit sharing model only applies to business participation or business collaboration agreements.

Post-release monitoring pathway for the deployment of gene drive-modified mosquitoes for malaria control in Africa

BackgroundGene drive-modified mosquitoes (GDMMs) have been promoted as one of the innovative technologies that may control and eliminate malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. Several products are in early stages of development, targeting either population suppression or population modification of the mosquito vector. However, there is no direct experience of conducting risk assessment for environmental releases and subsequent policies regarding conditions for post-release. This study was carried out to gain additional insights on the possible post-release concerns that may arise, as they may inform future risk assessment and planning for deployment.MethodsThis study involved desktop reviews on post release monitoring experiences with previously released biological control products. Stakeholder consultations involving online surveys, and face to face workshop with experts from selected African countries from Eastern, Western, and Southern African regions was then carried out to establish post-release monitoring concerns for GDMMs.ResultsReview of genetic biocontrol technologies showed only limited lessons from post-release monitoring regimes with a focus largely limited to efficacy. For genetically modified organisms general surveillance and case-specific monitoring is expected in some of the regions. A number of post-release monitoring concerns in relation to the protection goals of human and animal health, biodiversity, and water quality were identified.ConclusionBased on established- protection goals, several post-release monitoring concerns have been identified. Subject to a rigorous risk assessment process for future GDMMs products, the concerns may then be prioritized for post-release monitoring.

Past, present and future global mangrove primary productivity

Mangrove productivity is crucial for the global carbon cycle, yet previous research has mostly focused on small-scale temporal changes or static global patterns, with limited investigation into global or regional temporal trends. This study used existing data on mangrove leaf litter to model mangrove Net Primary Productivity (NPP) on a monthly timescale from 1980 to 2094 across global regions defined by the Marine Ecoregions of the World framework. The models showed a slight global decrease in NPP of approximately 1.4 %, from 239.2 ± 87.6 Tg yr−1 (1980–1990) to 235.9 ± 81.9 Tg yr−1 (2085–2094). However, significant regional changes were identified, including substantial increases in NPP in the Southwest Australian Shelf (60.58 ± 97.9 %), the Warm Temperate Northeast Pacific (43.75 ± 65.7 %), and the Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific (31.55 ± 55.7 %), as well as decreases in Southeast Asian provinces like the Java Transitional (11.45 ± 6.2 %) and Western Coral Triangle (7.61 ± 9.6 %). These findings highlight previously unreported regional shifts in mangrove productivity, which could significantly impact carbon sequestration and the transfer of organic matter to adjacent ecosystems.

From Perception to Practices: Adoption of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Vietnam Upland Areas—A Case Study in Thua Thien Hue Province

In the context of increasing interest in ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), there remains a paucity of discussion regarding the transition from perception to practice in aiding farmer households to adapt to climate change (CC) while maintaining the provision of essential ecosystem services. Thus, this study aims to explore policymakers’ and local people’s perceptions, from thinking about the implementation of EbA strategies to responding to CC in current and future agricultural production and forestry in upland Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. This study has adopted the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to CC to investigate the perceptions of EbA among various administrative and household levels through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion methods. Our findings indicate a significant relationship between the perceptions and understanding of EbA among policymakers and farmer households, and the adoption of EbA practices. Many EbA practices are already well-established and have demonstrated their ability to enhance ecosystem services provision, adaptation benefits, and livelihood and food security. These benefits are crucial for helping farmer households to adapt to CC. However, current financial, technical, and market constraints hinder the broader adoption of these practices. Therefore, to increase adaptive capacity to CC and upscale EbA practices, EbA interventions must consider technical, financial, and market aspects. Furthermore, it is essential to provide evidence from both scientific and practical perspectives and disseminate information on EbA practices to encourage broader adoption by local farmers. In addition, supportive policies from various departmental and agency levels are necessary for managers in the agricultural and forest sectors as well as households to recognize EbA as a vital strategy for developing agriculture and forestry in a manner that is sustainable and resilient to CC.

Acclimation of barley plants to elevated CO2 concentration and high light intensity does not increase their protection against drought, heat, and their combination

Plants face fluctuations in environmental conditions throughout their life cycles. Some of these conditions, such as CO2 concentration and increasing temperature, are closely linked to ongoing climate change. These conditions not only affect plant growth and development but also modify the response to sudden exposure to stressors through morphological, physiological, and biochemical acclimation. Understanding these responses is therefore important for defining adaptation strategies for future crop production. In this study, we tested the acclimation effect of light intensity (low, high) and CO2 concentration (low, ambient, elevated) on barley plants and its implications for subsequent responses to drought, heat, and their combination. The acclimation to the growth conditions induced numerous changes both in plant morphology and physiology. The whole-plant leaf area was stimulated by increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration. That led to increased whole-plant transpiration despite the trend of stomatal conductance was the opposite in comparison to leaf area. The increased whole-plant transpiration then increased the sensitivity of barley plants to the stress treatments. Similarly, the stimulatory effect of high light intensity on antioxidative capacity was not sufficient to improve barley performance under the stress treatments. The presented results show that for physiological or biochemical indicators of stress tolerance to be realistically used to evaluate the expected response to stress conditions, they must be related to the morphology of the whole plant, which influences both the severity of stress and the quantitative role of resistance mechanisms.

Enhancing monoclonal antibody production efficiency using CHO-MK cells and specific media in a conventional fed-batch culture.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, derived as subclones from the original CHO cell line, are widely used hosts for current biopharmaceutical productions. Recently, a highly proliferative host cell line, CHO-MK, was established from the Chinese hamster ovary tissue. In this study, we assessed the fundamental culture characteristics and capabilities of CHO-MK cells for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production using specified chemically defined media. To achieve this, we established fed-batch cultures of model CHO-MK cells in shake flasks and ambr15 and 2 L bioreactors under various conditions. The mAb-producing CHO-MK cell line A produced 12.6g/L of antibody within 7days in the fed-batch culture using a 2 L bioreactor, with a seeding density of 1 × 106 cells/mL. This performance corresponded to a space-time yield of 1.80g/L/day, representing a productivity level that could be challengingly attained in fed-batch cultures using conventional CHO cells. In addition, when we subjected six different mAb-producing CHO-MK cell lines to fed-batch culture in the ambr15 bioreactor for 7days, the antibody production ranged between 5.1 and 10.8g/L, confirming that combining CHO-MK cells and specified media leads to enhanced versatility. These discoveries underscore that CHO-MK cells combined with specified media might represent a next-generation production platform, which could potentially respond to an increasing demand for antibody drugs, reducing production costs, and shortening antibody drug development times. This study is expected to serve as a benchmark for future production process development using CHO-MK cells.

Youth Employment Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis

The involvement of young people in Pakistan's job market is the subject of this dissertation. This work highlights two main benefits of the research conducted using micro data. First, it breaks out the labor market behaviors of teenagers in Pakistan by age group. Then, using econometric approaches, it explains what variables influence youth work chances in Pakistan. According to the research, several young people start working at a young age, which may affect their future productivity and income. At the beginning of their professions, young people frequently have a higher unemployment rate; nevertheless, this number decreases with time. In addition, there were notable disparities in the labor market outcomes for male and female teenagers based on area. Unemployment rates for young women are higher than those for young men in several regions of the nation. Although young people in Baluchistan are more prepared to enter labor than their counterparts in other regions, the study's main conclusion shows that their employment prospects are poorer. Several characteristics, the findings of a logistic regression analysis demonstrate that the job chances of youth in Pakistan are highly impacted by age, gender, marital status, emigration, geography, educational achievement, and family characteristics. In addition, studies show that Pakistani teenagers are a heterogeneous group, reflecting a wide variety of personal traits and perspectives on employment that are influenced by their home context. Policymakers should see Pakistani youth as something other than a monolithic entity. Unemployment is a problem in Pakistan due to several factors.

Single Well Production Prediction Model of Gas Reservoir Based on CNN-BILSTM-AM

In the prediction of single-well production in gas reservoirs, the traditional empirical formula of gas reservoirs generally shows poor accuracy. In the process of machine learning training and prediction, the problems of small data volume and dirty data are often encountered. In order to overcome the above problems, a single-well production prediction model of gas reservoirs based on CNN-BILSTM-AM is proposed. The model is built by long-term and short-term memory neural networks, convolutional neural networks and attention modules. The input of the model includes the production of the previous period and its influencing factors. At the same time, the fitting production and error value of the traditional gas reservoir empirical formula are introduced to predict the future production data. The loss function is used to evaluate the deviation between the predicted data and the real data, and the Bayesian hyperparameter optimization algorithm is used to optimize the model structure and comprehensively improve the generalization ability of the model. Three single wells in the Daniudi D28 well area were selected as the database, and the CNN-BILSTM-AM model was used to predict the single-well production. The results show that compared with the prediction results of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) model and bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BILSTM) model, the error of the CNN-BILSTM-AM model on the test set of three experimental wells is reduced by 6.2425%, 4.9522% and 3.0750% on average. It shows that on the basis of coupling the empirical formula of traditional gas reservoirs, the CNN-BILSTM-AM model meets the high-precision requirements for the single-well production prediction of gas reservoirs, which is of great significance to guide the efficient development of oil fields and ensure the safety of China’s energy strategy.

Ensemble machine learning-based virtual multiphase flow metering in high gas/oil ratio and water-cut reservoirs

By combining data-driven ensemble machine-learning algorithms and historical oil field portable test reports, this paper proposes a Data-Drive Multiphase Virtual Flow Meter (DD-MVFM) that estimates oil, gas, and water flow rates, provides real-time monitoring, and predicts future production for a 6-month period with appropriate accuracy. The proposed DD-MVFM utilizes the existing hardware used for measurements of basic variables such as temperature, and pressure at different locations at the well-head structure. The DD-MVFM can be employed in three ways. The first way is to be used as a verification tool for multiphase physical flow meters (MPFMs), making sure they are working properly and increasing confidence in the collected readings. The second way is to use the DD-MVFM as a redundant tool when the MPFMs are not available or going through maintenance. The third way, which is the main objective of our research, is to employ the proposed DD-MVFM as a stand-alone for the complete replacement of current and future MPFM installments. This, significantly lowers the operating cost, reducing the required portable field tests, and saving the need to build a major infrastructure for the set-up of MPFMs for new oil wells. Consequently, this contributes to the ambitious goal of reducing CO2 emissions. The DD-MVFM's development involves the fusion of data wrangling and machine learning algorithms for optimal performance. Initial testing indicates an 85 % correlation with the actual production rates, with potential for further improvement as more field test data is incorporated, making it a pioneering solution in the field of oil and gas management.

Analysis of Antioxidants from Three Parts of Polygonum Chinense Based on Online Extraction High Performance Liquid Chromatography Antioxidant Analysis System.

In the current study, a rapid online extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidant analysis approach was developed to explore the antioxidant ingredients in three different parts of Polygonum Chinense. A total of 22 chromatographic peaks were found, among which 8 components were found for the first time. And among these 22 peaks, 19 of them were demonstrated as antioxidants. Furthermo, all three parts from Polygonum Chinense exhibited antioxidant activity (13.19, 3.89, and 19.85 mg CE/g extract, for the leaf, stem, and flower, respectively) and the antioxidant activity values of the leaf and flower were more than 3 times that of the stem. The leaf, flower, and stem of Polygonum Chinense had 17, 13, and 15 antioxidant components, respectively. Among them, neochlorogenic acid (2) and quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside (18) were considered as the main antioxidants in the leaf of Polygonum Chinense. In terms of flower, geraniin (10) and quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside (18) were proved as the major antioxidants. This is the first report on the antioxidant components from different parts of Polygonum Chinense. It provides foundational scientific data for the continued exploration of chemical and pharmacological study of Polygonum Chinense, beneficial for the future product development and quality evaluation improvement of Polygonum Chinense.

Software Development Process Considerations in GNSS-Denied Navigation Project for Drones

This article will discuss the software development process utilised in the GNSS-denied navigation project targeted for drones. The process was implemented in an environment where software developers were oriented to developing a source code only and who showed great reluctance to follow any formal process. The mentioned process was a lightweight AGILE-based process that, by assumption, minimised developers’ engagement in activities other than those related to the source code development. The process described in this paper was designed to support and reflect product quality characteristics like functional completeness and correctness, time behaviour, resource utilisation, analysability, modifiability and testability in an “implicit” way. It allowed the developers to achieve those characteristics in an “invisible” manner. This allowed us to achieve acceptable product quality without needing to engage experienced architects. The described process needs improvements and extensions to satisfy certification needs. However, for the prototyping or research phases, it may be a perfect solution for facilitating future product modifications and saving costs. The process improves product quality by underlying the value of transparency, performing specific actions and incorporating specific attributes related to team tasks. This research also focused on finding a metric related to process acceptance in a given environment, resulting in a three-degree scale showing whether the process needed improvements or was accepted by the environment. Such a metric is a new finding and the metric implies that there are some factors that stand behind any process, which determine whether it will be friendly to the environment (people with their habits, work style, personal traits, etc.) or not. However, investigating factors that determine the process acceptance and that are connected to the environment traits were beyond the scope of this research and will be considered in the future.