Future Civil Research Articles

Searching for small primordial black holes in planets, asteroids and here on Earth

Small primordial black holes could be captured by rocky planets or asteroids, consume their liquid cores from inside and leave hollow structures. We calculate the surface density and surface tension of a hollow structure around a black hole and compare them with the density and compressive strength of various materials that appear in nature to find the allowed parameter space. For example, granite or iron can support a hollow asteroid/planetoid/moon of the size of up to 0.1R⊕. Along the same lines, future civilizations might build spherical structures around black holes to harvest their energy. Using the strongest material that we currently know how to make (multiwall carbon nanotube), to withstand gravity of one solar mass black hole, the shell must be constructed at distances larger than 104R⊙. Alternatively, a fast black hole can leave a narrow tunnel in a solid object while passing through it. For example, a 1022 g black hole should leave a tunnel with a radius of 0.1μm, which is large enough to be seen by an optical microscope. We could look for such micro-tunnels here on Earth in very old rocks, or even glass or other solid structures in very old buildings. While our estimate gives a very small probability of finding such tunnels, looking for them does not require expensive equipment and long preparation, and the payoff might be significant.

Cultural Education Sustainability and Development of Vocational Business Education in Nigeria

Culture and art is a significant aspect of human life, and the aim has been to create ideas relevant to the new interdisciplinary education as no society survives without cultural values. Culture is one of the phenomenon that shape individuals toward moral integrity and human development. Culture therefore helps to engender development and sustainability in the society. Without culture no society can make progress into the sustainability of its future civilization. Thus this paper is designed to evaluate the contributions of cultural education sustainability towards the achievement of developing vocational business education in Nigeria. The paper adopted explanatory descriptive approach which is content analysis. The paper discourse is centred on: concept of culture and cultural education, value/importance of cultural education, overall impact of cultural education and contributions of cultural education to the development of vocational business education in Nigeria. The paper concluded that sustainable Culture and vocational business education are connected phenomenal that collaborates to build a society with human and sustainable civilization. The development of culture influences the development of vocational business education and Nigeria can only leverage on the values of culture to shape a better curriculum of vocational business education. Thus, vocational business education cannot achieve its laudable objectives in Nigeria without embracing the norms and caprices of the culture of the society. Consequently, the paper recommended among others that educational institutions should develop curriculum guidelines and resources that incorporate cultural education components into vocational business programs at all levels of education, from secondary schools to tertiary institutions. Ensure that cultural education is integrated across relevant subjects, such as entrepreneurship, marketing, tourism, and international business.

Biogenic construction: The new era of civil engineering

With the increasing demand for buildings and infrastructures and the mounting challenges associated with the current construction technologies such as high emission, high pollution, and high energy consumption, the civil engineering profession is at the crossroad for a transformation or upgrading before it can be put into tasks for these challenges. Inspired by the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, a new concept, biogenic construction, for civil engineering is proposed in this paper. The definition of biogenic construction is given. The framework and four components of biogenic construction are established. These include microbial construction, plant construction, animal construction, and bioinspired construction. Examples of each component are given. A new construction system for creating a more eco-friendly, healthier, and more sustainable environment for future civil engineering developments is also proposed.

Sustainable development and community agency Contributions from Ecotechnologies

The current crisis forces us to reflect on the great challenges that lie ahead of us. We are facing a scenario that requires alternative proposals that allow us to think about the future of civilisation from a perspective of socio-environmental justice. In this sense, we cannot accept a solution that continues to be oriented solely towards the pursuit of economic growth.The economic policies applied in Mexico and in other countries, in recent years have exacerbated the vulnerability of broad sectors of the population and have put ecosystems at risk.This paper proposes a first critical approach to the contributions that sustainable development and community agency, can offer to an ecological reading of human and protective relations of production, pointing out that some economical resources of the planet are in a crucial situation.

DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE CIVIL ENGINEERS AS A SUBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

The article analyzes scientific sources on the problem of developing project competencies of future civil engineers. Methods of research applied: the study of scientific research on the development of project competencies ‒ to identify the spectrum and interdisciplinary nature of the problem; abstraction, systematization and grouping ‒ to identify approaches to studying the problem of development of project competencies of future civil engineers and its relevance; theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature regarding the study of the scientific fund; inductive-deductive methods and the method of generalization ‒ to determine the essence of concepts regarding the competence approach and the structure of project competencies of future civil engineers; prognostic - to determine the prospects of studying a given problem; generalization - to formulate conclusions. The issue of the development of project competencies is multifaceted, in particular, there were determined directions of analysis of bibliographic sources, including the influence of global trends on the development of engineering education and the formation of general cultural and professional competencies of future civil engineers; historical and pedagogical aspects of the development of engineering education and the development of project competencies of future civil engineers; competence approach in the development of professional and personal qualities of a specialist; the role of information and communication technologies in ensuring the quality of engineering education. We concluded that the development of project competencies is an actual problem of our time and scientific research, which is aimed at the formation of a specialist not only for the performance of professional functions but also subject of professional activity, responsible for the results of activities, aware of goals, able to make decisions independently, striving for self-development and self-improvement in the professional field.

A study of the propensity for communicative aggressiveness in cadet pilots

The article presents a model of personal resource of a civil aviation pilot and the experience of studying one of the components of this model – a communicative resource. The article analyses the results of a study of the propensity for communicative aggressiveness of the 5th year cadets of the Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation named after the Chief Marshal of Aviation B.P. Bugaev who are studying in the field of “Organization of flight work”. 83 people participated in the study. V.V. Bojko’s questionnaire “Determination of integral forms of communicative aggressiveness” was used as a diagnostic tool. This technique is designed to assess a person’s predisposition to aggression in various situations and contains 11 parameters of explicit and hidden forms of aggressive human behaviour. The article substantiates the relevance of studying communicative aggressiveness as a professional destruction of civil aviation pilots. The analysis of the average group and personal values of various parameters characterising the respondents’ propensity to aggressive manifestations was conducted. Recommendations are given on the development of emotional intelligence of future civil aviation pilots in the conditions of their higher professional education. The experience of the Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation in the prevention and correction of educational and professional stress of participants in the educational process is presented.

Artificial neural network for preliminary design and optimisation of civil aero-engine nacelles

Abstract Within the context of preliminary aerodynamic design with low order models, the methods have to meet requirements for rapid evaluations, accuracy and sometimes large design space bounds. This can be further compounded by the need to use geometric and aerodynamic degrees of freedom to build generalised models with enough flexibility across the design space. For transonic applications, this can be challenging due to the non-linearity of these flow regimes. This paper presents a nacelle design method with an artificial neural network (ANN) for preliminary aerodynamic design. The ANN uses six intuitive nacelle geometric design variables and the two key aerodynamic properties of Mach number and massflow capture ratio. The method was initially validated with an independent dataset in which the prediction error for the nacelle drag was 2.9% across the bounds of the metamodel. The ANN was also used for multi-point, multi-objective optimisation studies. Relative to computationally expensive CFD-based optimisations, it is demonstrated that the surrogate-based approach with ANN identifies similar nacelle shapes and drag changes across a design space that covers conventional and future civil aero-engine nacelles. The proposed method is an enabling and fast approach for preliminary nacelle design studies.

2023년 민사소송법 중요 판례 평석

This paper examines key civil procedure and execution law rulings issued by the Supreme Court in 2023. We analyze seven significant civil procedure precedents, focusing on: 1. Exclusive international jurisdiction agreements, 2. Ratification of objections and compulsory mediation, 3. Lease contract requirements and enforcement, 4. Protection by provisional seizure: Non-existence and cessation of prescription, 5. Causal relationship and burden of proof in medical malpractice, 6. Reconciliation replacement and res judicata in claim objection lawsuits, 7. Preservation of public property and cancellation registration lawsuits. Each precedent is categorized, summarized by facts, rulings of lower courts and the Supreme Court, with analysis of relevant law and the author's perspective. While some rulings involve international private law, civil law, or commercial law aspects, these are addressed only if relevant to civil procedure. The paper also briefly reviews four major rulings on civil execution law: 1. Indirect coercion, incidental obligations, and claim objection, 2. Execution claim seizure after full order service and its effect, 3. Public notice procedure violation and auction effect, 4. Distribution objection and lawsuit succession. Additionally, a section on “Other Civil Procedure Act Precedents” highlights notable rulings due to space constraints. While not exhaustive, this analysis aims to be a valuable resource for future civil procedure research.

Addressing Generic Skills Gap for Future Civil Engineers in The 4th Industrial Revolution

Addressing Generic Skills Gap for Future Civil Engineers in The 4th Industrial Revolution

IMPLEMENTING THE MERIT SYSTEM THROUGH TALENT MANAGEMENT AS CAREER DEVELOPMENT BASIS

This study aims to determine antecedents of the low aspect career development for civil servant and the application of talent management strategies as a solution to career development issues. By using a qualitative method to executes semi-structure interview for 7 informants that responsible and have authorities to the civil servant career development. The collecting data also conducted through observation and documentation. Result of interviews show that six of ten indicators from career development aspects un-optimum implemented, such as job competency standards documents, availability of employee profiles based on talent or competency mapping, talent pool implementation, availability of succession plans, qualification and competency gap documents, and capacity building and competency development. Further, research findings show that the obstacles of career development aspects caused by six indicators such as bureaucratic politicization, lack of leadership commitment, un-optimum budget, and bad teamwork. The Talent management strategy states as comprehensive solution in establishing the basis for future civil servant career development.

Application of High-performance Concrete in Civil Engineering

With the continuous improvement of modern civil engineering performance requirements on building materials, high-performance concrete (High-Performance Concrete, HPC) has become one of the key materials. This paper discusses the application of HPC in various civil engineering, and its innovative impact. HPC has played a key role in many major engineering projects for its extraordinary durability, high intensity and excellent working nature. First, the paper introduces the basic composition and performance characteristics of HPC, including its compressive strength, durability and rheological properties. The optimized formulation of HPC reduces the use of cement, and cement production is one of the major sources of carbon emissions. By using fly ash, silicon ash and other industrial by-products to replace part of the cement components, HPC not only improves its environmental friendliness, but also enhances the comprehensive performance of the material. Finally, the paper prospects the potential development of HPC in future civil engineering. With technological advances and increasing demand for environmentally friendly building materials, the improvement and application of HPC will continue to expand.

Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank Virtual Crashworthiness Design Exploration for Civil Aircraft

Civil aviation industry is researching for alternative fuel energy sources to substitute current hydrocarbon-based aviation fuels. Carbon free emissions flights could be achieved with fuels like Hydrogen either through combustion or via electricity producing fuel cells. It is of great importance to explore the airframe designs to house Hydrogen in its cryogenic liquified state. The objective of the study herein was to provide a conceptual qualitative analysis related to the crashworthiness behaviour of civil aircraft carrying liquid Hydrogen fuel storage tanks. The design parameters of interest were the storage tank location in the airframe, the structural energy absorption following crash landing scenarios and the structural deformation of the structure surrounding the tanks, penetrating the survival space of the occupants. Several structural design arrangements were proposed and compared. Simulation results indicated that the optimal location for the fuel storage greatly depends on the actual aircraft layout as well as on the future civil aircraft airworthiness requirements that are still under development for that type of fuel energy source.

ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH IN THE TRAINING OF CIVIL SERVANTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the study: The study is aimed at assessing how the competence-based approach implemented in the personnel training system at the Academy of Public Administration contributes to the eff ectiveness and adaptation of future civil servants to modern challenges and requirements of the service in conditions of uncertainty.Methodology: The methodology includes an analysis of educational programs and practices implemented by the Academy, with a focus on the competence approach. The assessment includes the study of the application of the approach in the selection, training, and development of personnel, taking into account the requirements of the civil service.Originality / value of the research: The article is a primary study devoted to the analysis of the experience of the Academy of Public Administration in the context of the application of a competence-based approach in the process of training personnel for public service. The results of the study can serve as a basis for further improvements in the system of training civil servants.Findings: The study emphasizes that the competence approach and competence management in Kazakhstan are aimed at strategic planning of human resources and improvement of public service. However, despite the improvements, there is insuffi cient use of competencies, which requires a wider introduction of information about competencies in government agencies and educational institutions to attract young talents.

Global and transnational governance: Implications for public administration teaching

Public Administration (PA) as an academic discipline has traditionally been anchored in the principles of state-centric governance, national implementation policies, and the management of domestic public affairs. However, the rise of global and transnational governance has significantly reshaped the context in which public administrators operate. This reality has a direct bearing on the corpus of knowledge taught in PA and the teaching thereof. Preparing for new governance realities and their demands necessitates a review of the competencies that prospective civil servants should have to navigate global and transnational affairs. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential influence of global and transnational governance on the corpus of knowledge of PA and its implications for teaching. It comprises an investigation of the dynamic relationship between the changing landscape of global governance structures, the evolving challenges faced by public administrators, and the adaptation of educational curricula and teaching approaches to equip future civil servants with the requisite competencies, skills, and knowledge. The findings made and the recommendations offered underscore the need for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to PA teaching in the era of rapid globalisation.

СОЦІАЛЬНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-БУДІВЕЛЬНИКІВ В УКРАЇНІ

This article is devoted to the study of the social preconditions for the development of foreign language professional competence by future civil engineers in the contemporary Ukrainian context. It examines the social factors influencing the need for foreign language learning, particularly English, among students of construction specialties in Ukrainian higher education institutions. The author analyzes the impact of globalization, international integration, technological development, and the current situation in the Ukrainian construction industry, driven by russian aggression, on the preparation of modern civil engineers. This study addresses the role of the English language in professional activities, focusing on accessing new technologies and materials, as well as effective communication with international partners and clients within the context of Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction. The article also explores the benefits of having high levels of foreign language professional competence, including increased competitiveness through access to foreign literature, international conferences, and seminars, allowing professionals to enhance their self-education and skills, thereby creating greater opportunities for career growth. The author analyzes the current state of professional training for future specialists in the construction industry and highlights the significance of foreign language proficiency for future civil engineers in the face of globalization and integration of the national construction market into the global context. Additionally, possible ways to increase the level of foreign language professional competence among students are discussed, along with recommendations for further development of this aspect within the Ukrainian education system. The findings of the research underscore the importance of integrating foreign language training into the curricula for civil engineers to ensure their readiness to meet the challenges and opportunities of contemporary Ukrainian and global markets.

Typology and specificity of biology philosophical problems

The article examines a new complexity problem of ontology brought to life by technical interventions in living systems. The object is the philosophical problems of biology, the subject of the research is to identify the specifics and typology of the philosophical problems of biology.The development of experimental technology predetermined the transition of biology to the molecular (genomic) level, which made it one of the leaders among the natural sciences. Biology is changing the scientific picture of the world within the framework of cybernetic ontology, a new paradigm, wherein molecules are used as vehicles for transmitting information, and life sciences are transformed into “technobiological art.” The nature of scientific knowledge transforms subject-object relations, knowledge is determined by techno-scientific methods and techniques in the field of biomedical and information technologies. Practical and theoretical schemes of biology act as a special model of experimental measurement practice and as a project of technical action.Technology raises many socio-ethical issues that go beyond the purview of natural scientists and engineers. Both philosophers and natural scientists are disturbed by the idea that the development of natural science has changed or will change in the nearest future civilization and the destinies of mankind.

The Economics of Time Travel

The lack of time travellers visiting us may be seen as evidence that time travel is not possible. In this article, I argue an alternative explanation is that we are not economically important enough to our descendants to justify the costs of time travel. Using a cost-benefit analysis, I elaborate on this argument. I suggest that the major cost of time travel is likely to be the energy cost, whilst the largest benefit of time travel is knowledge which the present possesses, but the future has lost. Focusing on this benefit, I argue it is extremely unlikely that we possess a piece of knowledge which is sufficiently important to a future civilisation (system critical), but also has been lost by said civilisation. This is to say, we may not have been visited by time travellers because we are not important enough.

Immersive Environment as a Tool for Changing Human-Centric Optic

The article is devoted to the scientific problem of theoretical elaboration and contextualization of an immersive environment implemented in the physical space of a gallery or museum, as well as a site-specific work, or in VR and AR, which work to change anthropocentric optics. The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of an immersive environment and the practice of creating VR and AR projects in Ukrainian contemporary art, to identify the work of Ukrainian artists, which takes place outside the country at the intersection of the latest ideas in European culture with a focus on the relationship between human and nature. The task is to study the theoretical foundations of the subjectivity of nature and the development of immersive environments, review and analysis of projects that use digital technologies to create immersion. The methodology of the study consists in theoretical and field researches at the intersection of eco-topics and immersive technologies and the development of author's experiments as part of the research "Analytical Instruments for Audio-Visual Translation of Metabolomics" merging genotype and environment regarding climate changes at Iméra — the Institute of Advanced Studies in Marseille. The main method is a comprehensive approach to highlight issues of the development of deep ecology, the theory of symbiosis, visual and photometric methods, analysis of concepts, spatial structure and artistic works. The peculiarities of creating an immersive environment in physical space were explored in the projects "Cosmogony", "Homage to Leonardo", "Garden of Divine Songs" after Hryhorii Skovoroda, "Homage to Matisse", "Gaia", "The Ocean", "Espace Ocean: Waters Come Into My Soul", "Ecocide", which analyzes the impact of the ongoing war on ecology, in order to be included into the national art discourse. The concept of "non-human agency" is concidered as an imperative of nature's subjectivity. The possibilities of molecular sonification in metabolomics were analyzed. A brief overview of the VR projects "Invasions 1.2.3", "Atmospheric Forest" and "First Day" and AR "Vegetable Kingdom, Vegetable Anarchy" is provided. Festivals OVNi in Nice, Scientifica #2 in Marseille, Ars Electronica in Linz, RIXC in Riga, UNESCO Media Art City in Karlsruhe and Venice Immersive are considered as platforms for the construction of "future civilization". The instrumentality of immersive environments for changing anthropocentric optics has been revealed.

Physical Layer Security for L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System with Interference Mitigation

As one of the main candidates for future civil aviation communications systems, the L-band digital aeronautical communication system (L-DACS) is expected to achieve secure and reliable transmission. Due to the broadcasting nature of air–ground wireless links, the L-DACS has the risk of being intercepted by malicious eavesdroppers, which negatively affects aviation communication security. In addition, because the spectrum of the L-DACS overlaps with the aviation distance measuring equipment (DME), the pulse interference caused by the DME signal may lead to the wireless link being more fragile and susceptible to wiretapping. In this paper, with a focus on enhancing wireless transmission security, we propose a comprehensive physical layer security (PLS) method for the L-DACS. The key to the proposed PLS method is restraining the transmission of the eavesdropper by injecting artificial noise into the transmitted signal while improving the transmission of the legitimate receiver through the adoption of pulse interference mitigation. First, to characterize the L-DACS in the secure scene, we derive the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the legitimate receiver and any potential eavesdropper by constructing equivalent noise. Next, from the perspective of the information theory, we derive the closed form of the secrecy capacity of the L-DACS by employing the proposed PLS methods with three kinds of nonlinear interference mitigation: including ideal pulse blanking, peak threshold-based pulse blanking, and peak threshold-based pulse clipping. Finally, we compare and analyze different ways to enhance the secrecy capacity of the proposed PLS method using various interference mitigation methods.

Prioritizing exceptional social needs. Experimental evidence on the role of discrimination and client deservingness in public employees’ and citizens’ discretionary behavior

This study examines how public employees and citizens exercise administrative discretion in a dilemma. To identify and compare the moral reasoning underlying discretionary choices, we conducted a conjoint experiment among public employees, future civil servants, and lay citizens in Germany. In the conjoint, respondents were forced to prioritize between two equally eligible welfare claimants. Claimants’ profiles vary concerning attributes reflecting earned-deservingness (e.g., non-self-inflicted welfare dependency), need-deservingness (e.g., dependent children), and attributes that can be used for unlawful discrimination (e.g., nationality). While some signs of discrimination exist, need-deservingness is the most important factor shaping respondents’ prioritization choices. More importantly, we find no substantial differences in prioritization choices among public employees and citizens, indicating congruence in moral reasoning. From these findings, we conclude that efforts to reflect on national prejudices in the education of civil servants should be intensified, and a renewed emphasis on administrative ethics is required to equip public employees with the ability to make impartial yet balanced judgments in administrative dilemmas.