Future Civil Research Articles

A jövő polgári perrendtartása madártávlatból


 
 
 
 A polgári eljárásjogász szakmai közösség 2013 óta kisebb-nagyobb intenzitással foglalkozik a polgári perrendtartás újrakodifikálásával. ez a nagyjából fél évszázadonként esedékes feladat bizonyos tekintetben a végéhez közeledik azzal, hogy az igazságügyi miniszter közzétette a polgári perrendtartás tervezetét, megnyitva azt a társadalmi vitára, majd ezt követően a kormány támogatásától függően a Parlament elé terjesztésre. A T/11900. számú törvényjavaslatot 2016. szeptember 2-án nyújtotta be az igazságügyi miniszter. A szöveg tehát még egyáltalán nem kőbe vésett, számos fordulója volt azoknak az egyeztetéseknek és vitáknak, amikor kisebb-nagyobb változtatásokra kerülhetett sor, jelenleg a parlamenti vita zajlik. A koncepcionális kérdések azonban várhatóan már nem változnak. A tervezet ebből a szempontból alkalmas tehát annak megítélésére, hogy nagy vonalakban milyen perrendi szabályok fogják kormányozni a bírók és ügyvédek napjait, munkáját.
 
 
 

Spatial variability analysis of subsurface soil in Mashhad city, NE Iran

Reliable characterization of subsurface soil in urban areas is a major concern in geotechnical and geological engineering projects. In this regard, this research deals with development of a 3D geological engineering model on Mashhad City soil using Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach. The intense variability of soil in the study area has sometimes caused serious problems in civil engineering projects in the city. Therefore, a better understanding of these deposits is critical for current and future civil engineering work. The main objectives of this study were investigating the spatial variability of soil through variograms and then predicting the values of soil properties at unsampled locations using SGS method. In this study, some geotechnical index parameters including percentage of fine grained material, plasticity index, and liquid limit have been employed as input data. A database including the data of 1750 boreholes was built and the hard data were transformed into normal scores in order for them to be applicable as input data in SGS modeling. Maps related to the average of all realizations along with Coefficient of Variation (CV) were provided for each variable as well. Then the maps were interpreted according to Mashhad City sedimentary environment.

Christian Weise and his “Gedichte von der Sicilianischen Argenis” (1683): The Practice of Politics

In March 1683 the pedagogue, dramatist and novelist Christian Weise directed his German stage version of Barclay’s Argenis , which was performed for parents and local dignitaries by the boys at his grammar school in the Saxon city of Zittau. The Gedicht von der Sicilianischen Argenis was, in fact, one of three plays performed on consecutive days during Shrovetide 1683, and one of well over fifty plays written by Weise for performance on the school stage. Weise adapted Argenis as a play in order to teach schoolboys important political lessons, to prepare them for their roles as future civil servants, and to provide them with essential training in practical modern rhetoric. This article discusses Weise’s intentions in staging Argenis , and considers how he adapted the novel for the demands of a necessarily large cast (65 named parts). It sets it in the context of the 1683 trilogy, which included a biblical drama about Saul’s persecution of David and a comedy entitled Die Verkehrte Welt (The Topsy-Turvy World) , and it analyses the play against the background of his dramaturgical, pedagogical and political writings.

Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management for the Future Civilization

Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management for the Future Civilization

Four Commentaries on the Pope’s Message on Climate Change and Income Inequality. IV. Pope Francis’ Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’, Global Environmental Risks, and the Future of Humanity.

Four Commentaries on the Pope’s Message on Climate Change and Income Inequality. IV. Pope Francis’ Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’, Global Environmental Risks, and the Future of Humanity.

The Evolution of Civil War Severity, 1816–2005

AbstractPrevious analyses of civil war trends tend to be informal and consider only post 1945 data. We examine data on civil wars over the period 1816–2005, using new methods for evolutionary growth processes. We find a number of new patterns and trends in civil war that have received little attention in previous research, including a structural break in frequency of conflict with decolonialization, as well as evidence of periodicity in civil conflict. We develop new measures of civil war intensity and impact, and find that conflicts have been generally more severe in the 20th than in the 19th century. We also find that the frequency-severity distribution of civil war does not appear to follow a power-law distribution, unlike data on many other types of conflict. Although structural trends suggest an increase in future civil wars, we discuss possible limiting factors that might prevent this in light of the recent observed decline in civil wars after the Cold War.

Formation flight investigation for highly efficient future civil transport aircraft

ABSTRACTFormation flight could greatly assist the air transport industry in tackling the challenges of environmental impact, excessive reliance on fuel and overcapacity. Previous studies have shown drag reductions leading to significant fuel savings for aircraft in formation relative to their solo flight. Safety is guaranteed with the use of extended formation distances, and practical implementation issues could be solved in the near future. Since studies so far have focused on existing aircraft configurations and technology, a case study using a strut-braced wing airliner was carried out to ascertain its applicability to less conventional craft. The present results did not indicate such clear-cut benefits. If formation flight is to be successful and beneficial for the next generations of aircraft, it will be vital to consider its interaction with new technologies developed for highly efficient operation, in particular those aimed at reduction of aircraft drag such as laminar flow, and to do so early in the design of aerospace vehicles and wider systems.

Active control of counter-rotating open rotor interior noise in a Dornier 728 experimental aircraft

The fuel consumption of future civil aircraft needs to be reduced because of the CO2 restrictions declared by the European Union. A consequent lightweight design and a new engine concept called counter-rotating open rotor are seen as key technologies in the attempt to reach this ambitious goals. Bearing in mind that counter-rotating open rotor engines emit very high sound pressures at low frequencies and that lightweight structures have a poor transmission loss in the lower frequency range, these key technologies raise new questions in regard to acoustic passenger comfort. One of the promising solutions for the reduction of sound pressure levels inside the aircraft cabin are active sound and vibration systems. So far, active concepts have rarely been investigated for a counter-rotating open rotor pressure excitation on complex airframe structures.Hence, the state of the art is augmented by the preliminary study presented in this paper. The study shows how an active vibration control system can influence the sound transmission of counter-rotating open rotor noise through a complex airframe structure into the cabin. Furthermore, open questions on the way towards the realisation of an active control system are addressed. In this phase, an active feedforward control system is investigated in a fully equipped Dornier 728 experimental prototype aircraft. In particular, the sound transmission through the airframe, the coupling of classical actuators (inertial and piezoelectric patch actuators) into the structure and the performance of the active vibration control system with different error sensors are investigated. It can be shown that the active control system achieves a reduction up to 5dB at several counter-rotating open rotor frequencies but also that a better performance could be achieved through further optimisations.

Modeling, fabrication and plasma actuator coupling of flexible pressure sensors for flow separation detection and control in aeronautical applications

Preventing the flow separation could enhance the performance of propulsion systems and future civil aircraft. To this end, a fast detection of boundary layer separation is mandatory for a sustainable and successful application of active flow control devices, such as plasma actuators. The present work reports on the design, fabrication and functional tests of low-cost capacitive pressure sensors coupled with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators to detect and then control flow separation. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were used to obtain information on the deflection and the stress distribution in different-shaped floating membranes. The sensor sensitivity as a function of the pressure load was also calculated by experimental tests. The results of the calibration of different capacitive pressure sensors are reported in this work, together with functional tests in a wind tunnel equipped with a curved wall plate on which a DBD plasma actuator was mounted to control the flow separation. The flow behavior was experimentally investigated by particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements.Statistical and spectral analysis, applied to the output signals of the pressure sensor placed downstream of the profile leading edge, demonstrated that the sensor is able to discriminate different ionic wind velocity and turbulence conditions. The sensor sensitivity in the 0–100 Pa range was experimentally measured and it ranged between 0.0030 and 0.0046 pF Pa−1 for the best devices.

Forecasting civil conflict along the shared socioeconomic pathways

Climate change and armed civil conflict are both linked to socioeconomic development, although conditions that facilitate peace may not necessarily facilitate mitigation and adaptation to climate change. While economic growth lowers the risk of conflict, it is generally associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions and costs of climate mitigation policies. This study investigates the links between growth, climate change, and conflict by simulating future civil conflict using new scenario data for five alternative socioeconomic pathways with different mitigation and adaptation assumptions, known as the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We develop a statistical model of the historical effect of key socioeconomic variables on country-specific conflict incidence, 1960–2013. We then forecast the annual incidence of conflict, 2014–2100, along the five SSPs. We find that SSPs with high investments in broad societal development are associated with the largest reduction in conflict risk. This is most pronounced for the least developed countries—poverty alleviation and human capital investments in poor countries are much more effective instruments to attain global peace and stability than further improvements to wealthier economies. Moreover, the SSP that describes a sustainability pathway, which poses the lowest climate change challenges, is as conducive to global peace as the conventional development pathway.

DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE ARCTIC REGION FORMATION OF A NEW INSTITUTIONAL SPACE

Retracted article In this article we presented and disclosed some abstracts related to the problems of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas, which according to various expert estimates contain from 15 to 25% of the world reserves of primary energy resources, as well as the study examines the current situation and prospects of the Russian Federation the process of development of the Arctic territories. The purpose of this article is to study Russia's priorities at the national and regional levels related to the extraction of minerals that can be used to enhance the competitiveness of Russia on the world level and to ensure national energy security. Also, a study of this article is aimed at addressing issues related to the development of recommendations for the development of the global system of economic and energy security in the context of exploitation of prospective deposits in the Arctic region. Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative and economic-statistical methods of analysis. Results: In this article were subsequently solved the problem, to achieve this goal, in particular: examined the general trends of energy development of civilization, considered the legal issues concerning the status of the Arctic and the Arctic regions, the basic global trends of world energy development and justifi ed system for ensuring global energy security. Conclusions. There were obtained the following basic conclusions: First, the Arctic and the Arctic area are world heritage, so the development of deposits on them should be in the interest of the world community on a non-discriminatory basis; secondly, energy future civilization will be based on the harmonious combination of traditional and renewable energy sources, which determines the need to rationalize the consumption of energy resources in the present; Third, environmental issues prospects of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas suffi ciently sharp and discussion, therefore, should be used in aggressive technology of extraction of primary energy resources of the Arctic fi elds. It was found that the improvement of conditions for the dissemination and implementation of technological innovation in reducing or optimizing the geopolitical, military, economic, environmental, cultural risks in the Arctic region involve: support for research centers, producing technological innovations in the fi eld of exploration and development of the Arctic shelf, and broadcasting their respective corporations; the development of infrastructure to reduce the institutional, economic and technological backwardness of the State leaders and to achieve the highest standards of safety and performance standards.

Estimates of residential floor vibration induced by sonic booms

Future civil supersonic aircraft are expected to produce sonic boom noise within overflown communities that is substantially quieter than previous supersonic aircraft, which may allow regulators to replace the current prohibition on civil supersonic flight with a noise-based certification standard. In support of standards development, NASA has used an indoor simulation laboratory to investigate people’s reaction to combinations of transmitted sonic boom signatures and related floor vibration levels. Given the limited extent of experimental data, numerical models were used to estimate the expected range in floor vibration level that people may experience within a large assortment of houses for various low-amplitude sonic booms from different aircraft. This presentation will discuss the predictive models, compare predicted floor vibration to measurements from field experiments in similar houses, and document the range of predicted floor vibration that informed a recent psycho-acoustic laboratory study. The analyses of subjective annoyance from this laboratory study are discussed in a companion presentation (Rathsam and Klos).

Aerodynamic Design of Separate-Jet Exhausts for Future Civil Aero-engines—Part II: Design Space Exploration, Surrogate Modeling, and Optimization

The aerodynamic performance of the bypass exhaust system is key to the success of future civil turbofan engines. This is due to current design trends in civil aviation dictating continuous improvement in propulsive efficiency by reducing specific thrust and increasing bypass ratio (BPR). This paper aims to develop an integrated framework targeting the automatic design optimization of separate-jet exhaust systems for future aero-engine architectures. The core method of the proposed approach is based on a standalone exhaust design tool comprising modules for cycle analysis, geometry parameterization, mesh generation, and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) flow solution. A comprehensive optimization strategy has been structured comprising design space exploration (DSE), response surface modeling (RSM) algorithms, as well as state-of-the-art global/genetic optimization methods. The overall framework has been deployed to optimize the aerodynamic design of two civil aero-engines with separate-jet exhausts, representative of current and future engine architectures, respectively. A set of optimum exhaust designs have been obtained for each investigated engine and subsequently compared against their reciprocal baselines established using the current industry practice in terms of exhaust design. The obtained results indicate that the optimization could lead to designs with significant increase in net propulsive force, compared to their respective notional baselines. It is shown that the developed approach is implicitly able to identify and mitigate undesirable flow-features that may compromise the aerodynamic performance of the exhaust system. The proposed method enables the aerodynamic design of optimum separate-jet exhaust systems for a user-specified engine cycle, using only a limited set of standard nozzle design variables. Furthermore, it enables to quantify, correlate, and understand the aerodynamic behavior of any separate-jet exhaust system for any specified engine architecture. Hence, the overall framework constitutes an enabling technology toward the design of optimally configured exhaust systems, consequently leading to increased overall engine thrust and reduced specific fuel consumption (SFC).

Aerodynamic Design of Separate-Jet Exhausts for Future Civil Aero-engines—Part I: Parametric Geometry Definition and Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

This paper presents the development of an integrated approach which targets the aerodynamic design of separate-jet exhaust systems for future gas-turbine aero-engines. The proposed framework comprises a series of fundamental modeling theories which are applicable to engine performance simulation, parametric geometry definition, viscous/compressible flow solution, and design space exploration (DSE). A mathematical method has been developed based on class-shape transformation (CST) functions for the geometric design of axisymmetric engines with separate-jet exhausts. Design is carried out based on a set of standard nozzle design parameters along with the flow capacities established from zero-dimensional (0D) cycle analysis. The developed approach has been coupled with an automatic mesh generation and a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) flow-field solution method, thus forming a complete aerodynamic design tool for separate-jet exhaust systems. The employed aerodynamic method has initially been validated against experimental measurements conducted on a small-scale turbine powered simulator (TPS) nacelle. The developed tool has been subsequently coupled with a comprehensive DSE method based on Latin-hypercube sampling. The overall framework has been deployed to investigate the design space of two civil aero-engines with separate-jet exhausts, representative of current and future architectures, respectively. The inter-relationship between the exhaust systems' thrust and discharge coefficients has been thoroughly quantified. The dominant design variables that affect the aerodynamic performance of both investigated exhaust systems have been determined. A comparative evaluation has been carried out between the optimum exhaust design subdomains established for each engine. The proposed method enables the aerodynamic design of separate-jet exhaust systems for a designated engine cycle, using only a limited set of intuitive design variables. Furthermore, it enables the quantification and correlation of the aerodynamic behavior of separate-jet exhaust systems for designated civil aero-engine architectures. Therefore, it constitutes an enabling technology toward the identification of the fundamental aerodynamic mechanisms that govern the exhaust system performance for a user-specified engine cycle.

Die Sprache der Wissenschaft als ein Element der Kultur

Abstract Sciences originate within particular cultures, then they undergo the process of internationalization, developing towards future civilization, in which patterns of spiritual life manifest themselves as particular entities of cultural universals. Linguistically important concepts (such as “beauty”, “language” etc.) are emergent in their character: they can be reconstructed by the analysis of the representative corpora of texts. The methods of this analysis resemble those used in sociology.

Predicting the certification basis for airliner air-to-air refuelling

Abstract The premise is that in the future civil Air-to-Air Refuelling (AAR) will become an economic necessity if popular mass air travel is to continue. What is attempted is to provide a contemporary view of how such future operations could be safely undertaken. The intention is to predict the certification basis for demonstrating safe AAR operation of Cruiser-Feeder concepts. The necessary systems and aircraft functions are treated very much as they are today when civil certifying a large aeroplane type. The compliance demonstration required for environmental conditions, flight envelope, systems providing the necessary functionality, structural integrity, weight and balance are discussed. Applicable existing civil certification requirements are identified and where necessary expanded in scope to accommodate AAR operation. Where contemporary material does not supply appropriate guidance then corresponding safety criteria are proposed to address the deficiency. Lessons learnt from military AAR include the drive for interoperability. This has resulted in extensive efforts to standardise equipment and systems, which are equally applicable to civil AAR. Extremely useful advisory material exists, ranging from flight testing techniques to related safety. The importance of ensuring the consistency of failure condition categorisation at system and aircraft level is highlighted. The treatment of failures when two aircraft are in close proximity is something not considered by civil functional hazard analysis. The concept of AAR as an additional flight phase is introduced and affected system safety analyses identified. Examples of failure conditions that are not catastrophic at system level, but potentially could be at aircraft level during AAR are provided. Rendezvous scenarios are described to illustrate their influence on the certification basis. Combining such considerations with the factors that influence aircraft design leads to ramifications for handling qualities, performance and fuel system design. A viable and certifiable AAR configuration is consequently proposed. Consideration is given to treating operational certification in a progressive manner similar to existing LROPS (Long Range Operations).

Merit-based recruitment: the key to effective public administration in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) is like the nucleus of country’s overall development. Brilliant graduates wish to join BCS and contribute to the prosperity of the nation. However, it is not that easy to join BCS for all meritorious graduates. Due to quota or preserved post in greater part of BCS, they are denied from the service of the nation. However, Bangladesh needs an effective public administration to turn up her long-term vision to be a middle-income country by 2021. Nonetheless, for an effective and dynamic public administration, recruitment of talented, hard working and committed personnel are essential. In this perspective, the study intends to evaluate the present recruitment system of BCS, analyzes its problems, and tries to find out the possible solution. In addition, it tries to know the idea and observation of present and future civil servants regarding present recruitment system and overall BCS. It collects primary data from the respondents before analyzing and providing some policy recommendations. It also compares and contrasts, why BCS needs merit not quota. Finally, the study proposes a model for Merit-based Recruitment in BCS with some assumptions.

Pushing the Potential of Probe Microscopy

Musing over the most important scientific “sound bite” to pass onto future civilizations, Richard Feynman opted for: “All things are made of atoms—little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.” [1]. It is perhaps no wonder then that Feynman said that it was akin to a “religious experience” when he saw atoms for the first time with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) [2]. We can only guess, but he would probably have been just as impressed with STM’s sibling technique, atomic force microscopy, which allows us to probe the atomic forces he found so elemental to our scientific understanding. Now, Christian Wagner from the Julich Research Center (Forschungszentrum Julich) in Germany and his coworkers have pushed the capabilities of force microscopy to a new level by attaching a single molecule at the sharp end of an STM probe and exploiting it as a quantum dot capable of sensing electrostatic fields [3]. The molecular quantum dot terminating the tip allows the electrostatic potential to be mapped out around a target atom or molecule, thus giving even deeper insights into the atomic-scale forces which so fascinated Feynman. The increased sensitivity offered by this technique could be used to characterize rough surfaces, adsorbed materials on semiconductors, or artificial nanostructures.

FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR THE SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AT FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE CIVIL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE (SES OF UKRAINE) WHILE PASSING THE "PSYCHOLOGY" COURSE AND THEIR RELEVANT SUBJEC

The paper reveals the need for formation of psychological readiness for the specific professional activity at the future Civil Protection experts of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine) while passing the “Psychology” course. The author considers opportunities of cadets’ abilities development in relation the work in extreme situations, providing them with scientific knowledge for the preservation of mental and physical health, as well as the main subjective expectations of cadets while studying the Psychology.

Facing the Death of Nature

Facing the Death of Nature