Future Food Research Articles

Knowledge About Food Insecurity Among Dental Practitioners: Preliminary Findings From the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

Food insecurity is a household-level economic and social condition characterized by limited access to nutritious food. This study explored dental practitioners' views on food insecurity screening and its impact on oral health. A five-question survey ("Quick Poll") was conducted through the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) in the United States. A total of 332 dental practitioners responded. Preferences for food insecurity screening in dental practice settings showed substantial variability: 30% in favor, 39% neutral, and 29% against. When identifying the primary oral health issue influenced by food insecurity, 68% pinpointed dental caries. Over half (53%) expressed comfort in directing patients experiencing food insecurity to relevant resources. Notably, 61% of respondents expressed interest in being involved in future food insecurity clinical studies. This preliminary study underscores the relevance of food insecurity in the professional dental setting and suggests that the clinical setting may be well suited for educational programs designed to improve the oral health of patients experiencing food insecurity. Future research may achieve this goal, including a PBRN clinical study of interventions to improve oral health among patients experiencing food insecurity.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and functional annotation of Citrullus colocynthis: unlocking genetic resources for drought-resilient crop development

Main conclusionThe chromosome-level genome assembly of Citrullus colocynthis reveals its genetic potential for enhancing drought tolerance, paving the way for innovative crop improvement strategies.This study presents the first comprehensive genome assembly and annotation of Citrullus colocynthis, a drought-tolerant wild close relative of cultivated watermelon, highlighting its potential for enhancing agricultural resilience to climate change. The study achieved a chromosome-level assembly using advanced sequencing technologies, including PacBio HiFi and Hi-C, revealing a genome size of approximately 366 Mb with low heterozygosity and substantial repetitive content. Our analysis identified 23,327 gene models, that could encode stress response mechanisms for species’ adaptation to arid environments. Comparative genomics with closely related species illuminated the evolutionary dynamics within the Cucurbitaceae family. In addition, resequencing of 27 accessions from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) identified genetic diversity, suggesting a foundation for future breeding programs. This genomic resource opens new avenues for the de novo domestication of C. colocynthis, offering a blueprint for developing crops with enhanced drought tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional profiles, crucial for sustaining future food security in the face of escalating climate challenges.

From Food Industry 4.0 to Food Industry 5.0: Identifying technological enablers and potential future applications in the food sector.

Although several food-related fields have yet to fully grasp the speed and breadth of the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry 4.0), growing literature from other sectors shows that Industry 5.0 (referring to the fifth industrial revolution) is already underway. Food Industry 4.0 has been characterized by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological advances in food science and technology, whereas future Food Industry 5.0 could be seen as a more holistic, multidisciplinary, and multidimensional approach. This review will focus on identifying potential enabling technologies of Industry 5.0 that could be harnessed to shape the future of food in the coming years. We will review the state-of-the-art studies on the use of innovative technologies in various food and agriculture applications over the last 5 years. In addition, opportunities and challenges will be highlighted, and future directions and conclusions will be drawn. Preliminary evidence suggests that Industry 5.0 is the outcome of an evolutionary process and not of a revolution, as is often claimed. Our results show that regenerative and/or conversational artificial intelligence, the Internet of Everything, miniaturized and nanosensors, 4D printing and beyond, cobots and advanced drones, edge computing, redactable blockchain, metaverse and immersive techniques, cyber-physical systems, digital twins, and sixth-generation wireless and beyond are likely to be among the main driving technologies of Food Industry 5.0. Although the framework, vision, and value of Industry 5.0 are becoming popular research topics in various academic and industrial fields, the agri-food sector has just started to embrace some aspects and dimensions of Industry 5.0.

Omics-Driven Strategies for Developing Saline-Smart Lentils: A Comprehensive Review

A number of consequences of climate change, notably salinity, put global food security at risk by impacting the development and production of lentils. Salinity-induced stress alters lentil genetics, resulting in severe developmental issues and eventual phenotypic damage. Lentils have evolved sophisticated signaling networks to combat salinity stress. Lentil genomics and transcriptomics have discovered key genes and pathways that play an important role in mitigating salinity stress. The development of saline-smart cultivars can be further revolutionized by implementing proteomics, metabolomics, miRNAomics, epigenomics, phenomics, ionomics, machine learning, and speed breeding approaches. All these cutting-edge approaches represent a viable path toward creating saline-tolerant lentil cultivars that can withstand climate change and meet the growing demand for high-quality food worldwide. The review emphasizes the gaps that must be filled for future food security in a changing climate while also highlighting the significant discoveries and insights made possible by omics and other state-of-the-art biotechnological techniques.

An integrated food management framework: A preventive measure for food scarcity during the Prabowo Subianto administration

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported in 2024 that Indonesia is at risk of facing a future food crisis if adequate food supply is not ensured. A critical aspect of food management in Indonesia lies in its management systems. Thus, this study aims to review the extent to which food management under the Joko Widodo administration has been integrated to address food shortages. Further, this study will develop an integrated food management system as an alternative to prevent food scarcity during the Prabowo Subianto administration. The methodology involves a literature review and in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in managing the national food reserve. Findings indicate that food management in Indonesia remains fragmented and lacks integration between central and local governments, hindering effective food management during periods of scarcity. Based on an online website, the proposed integrated food management framework aims to simplify national food management and prevent food shortages.

A Comprehensive Overview on Sustainable Vegetable Gardening: Eco-friendly Approaches to Home Grown Production

Sustainable vegetable gardening is an eco-friendly practice that integrates organic farming principles, resource conservation, and biodiversity promotion to produce nutritious, chemical-free food while minimizing environmental impact. This approach emphasizes soil health through the use of organic amendments, crop rotation, composting, and mulching to improve fertility and water retention. Water conservation techniques, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, are employed to optimize water use, especially in arid regions. Pest and disease management relies on integrated pest management (IPM), biological controls, companion planting, and the use of organic pesticides to reduce chemical input while maintaining crop health. Sustainable homegrown produce has been shown to have superior nutritional content compared to commercially grown produce, and the avoidance of synthetic chemicals reduces the risk of pesticide residue exposure. Gardening fosters healthy eating habits by connecting individuals to their food sources, encouraging the consumption of fresh, unprocessed vegetables, and contributing to food security. The mental and physical health benefits of gardening, including reduced stress, increased physical activity, and improved mental well-being, further highlight its holistic value. However, challenges such as the initial setup costs, time investment, pest management, and knowledge gaps can hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these challenges requires greater access to resources, educational initiatives, and the development of climate-resilient practices tailored to specific regions. Future trends in sustainable gardening include the adoption of technological innovations, such as smart irrigation systems, automation, and vertical farming, which offer scalable solutions for urban and small-scale gardeners. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of resilient, local food systems, and sustainable gardening is poised to play a critical role in addressing future food security concerns.

The Protective Effect against Lung Injury of Phytosome Containing the Extract of Purple Waxy Corn Tassel in an Animal Model of PM2.5-Induced Lung Inflammation.

Lung inflammation caused by fine particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, poses a significant public health challenge, with oxidative stress and inflammation playing central roles in its pathophysiology. This study evaluates the protective effects of phytosome-encapsulated extract of purple waxy corn tassel (PPT) against PM2.5-induced lung inflammation. Male Wistar rats received PPT at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW for 21 days prior to exposure and continued to receive the same doses for 27 days during PM2.5 exposure. Significant reductions in inflammatory markers, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-II), various interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), were observed, indicating that PPT effectively regulates the inflammatory response. Additionally, PPT improved oxidative stress markers by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thereby restoring lung antioxidant defenses. Notably, the study revealed that PPT modulates epigenetic mechanisms, as evidenced by decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and upregulation of sirtuins in lung tissue. These epigenetic modifications likely contribute to the reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting a multifaceted protective role of PPT that involves both direct biochemical pathways and epigenetic regulation. The interplay between reduced inflammatory signaling, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and epigenetic modulation underscores PPT's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing respiratory inflammation-related diseases and its promise for the development of future functional food products.

Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Global Food Transformation System: Edible Insects vs. Livestock.

Antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) pose a significant threat to the global food transformation system. The increasing prevalence of ARGs in food has elicited apprehension about public health safety. The widespread dissemination of ARGs in food products, driven by the inappropriate use of antibiotics, presents significant adversity for the safety of emerging future food sources such as edible insects. As the world faces increasing challenges related to food security, climate change, and antibiotic resistance, edible insects offer a sustainable and resilient food source. The intriguing possibility of edible insects serving as a less conducive environment for ARGs compared to livestock warrants further exploration and investigation. In this recent work, we listed ARGs from edible insects detected so far by in vitro approaches and aimed to construct a fair comparison with ARGs from livestock based on relevant genes. We also presented our argument by analyzing the factors that might be responsible for ARG abundance in livestock vs. edible insects. Livestock and edible insects have diverse gut microbiota, and their diets differ with antibiotics. Consequently, their ARG abundance may vary as well. In addition, processed edible insects have lower levels of ARGs than raw ones. We hypothesize that edible insects could potentially contain a lower abundance of ARGs and exhibit a diminished ability to disseminate ARGs relative to livestock. A regulatory framework could help intercept the increasing prevalence of ARGs. Due diligence should also be taken when marketing edible insects for consumption.

Social vulnerability to food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the connection between climate change, funeral rites and food insecurity in rural Ghana

ABSTRACT Climate Change and food security remain one of the topical issues discussed globally. In Ghana, the literature has reported on the effects of climate change on the food consumption patterns of many households due to low adaptive capacity and inefficient food production systems. In addition to climate change as a threat to food security, funeral rites also play a major role in household food insecurity. However, the link between climate change, funeral rites and food security as indices of social vulnerability has been less investigated. Using a qualitative-dominance approach to research with 8 key informant interviews, 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) and a questionnaire, the analysis revealed that climate change and funeral rites are critical determinants of food insecurity in the Kassena Nankana Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The results show that while climate change affects the food production systems, the poorly harvested farm produce and livestock are used for the funeral rites of the deceased’s household family. While being sensitive to the cultural aspects of the uses of farm produce and livestock for funeral rites, and given the prevailing climatic conditions, the study recommends the need for traditional authorities and households to consider holding less expensive funeral rites which do not expend future food needs and resources. Again, localised climate change adaptation strategies need to be developed by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture to support the activities of agriculture in the municipality which is widely known to be susceptible to climate change.

Bioactive compounds and in vitro biological properties of Arthrospira platensis and Athrospira maxima: a comparative study

Cyanobacteria, especially Arthrospira, are valuable resources of nutrients and natural pigments with many beneficial health-related properties. This study optimized the extraction conditions of Arthrospira to achieve high phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Under optimized extraction conditions, the bioactive compounds (phenolics and pigment components), antioxidant activities, and inhibitions of the key enzymes relevant to some non-communicable diseases were compared between Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima. Optimized extraction conditions were determined as 2 h shaking time, 50 °C extraction temperature, and 1% (w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio, giving effective phenolic and phycocyanin contents using aqueous extraction, while 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanolic extraction provided high total chlorophyll content. Most antioxidant activities were higher using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanolic extracts. Both Arthrospira species inhibited the key enzymes involved in controlling non-communicable diseases including hyperlipidemia (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV), Alzheimer’s disease (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase), and hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme). High inhibitory activities were detected against β-secretase (BACE-1), the enzyme responsible for β-amyloid plaque formation in the brain that acts as a significant hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Arthrospira extract and donepezil (Alzheimer’s disease drug) synergistically inhibited BACE-1, suggesting the potential of Arthrospira extracts as effective BACE-1 inhibitors. Interestingly, A. maxima exhibited higher bioactive compound contents, antioxidant activities, and key enzyme inhibitions than A. platensis, indicating high potential for future food and medicinal applications.

Future Food Security Challenges in Riau Province, Indonesia

The food crisis is a real problem in various regions around the world, including Indonesia. This phenomenon is influenced by the rate of population growth which is increasing while farmlands are depleting due to the conversion of land into settlements, especially in Riau Province which is experiencing food security threats. Food security projections are made to provide an overview of the future condition of food security in Riau Province to support sustainability. The basic data used are data for 2018 and 2019. The measurement method used is the scenario method and then the availability calculation method according to Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 43/Permentan/OT.140/7/2010. Meanwhile, the calculation of food needs uses a formula taking into account the average consumption per capita per year from the regional agriculture service multiplied by the population in the year concerned. Then, the projections are measured using the arithmetic population growth formula approach for food availability and the geometric population growth formula for the food needs of the population. The food commodity in Riau Province used in the analysis is rice. The calculation results show that in the future food availability in Riau Province will not be able to meet its food needs. Keywords: availability of rice, rice needs, food security

Green Packaging Films with Antioxidant Activity Based on Pectin and Camellia sinensis Leaf Extract.

In the packaging materials sector, increasing globalization has created the need for increased efforts to develop consumer protection measures. Consequently, new packaging materials are being sought to replace petroleum-based materials in the future. For this reason, global awareness of the environmental problems associated with the use of synthetic and non-degradable packaging has increased the attention paid to bio-packaging based on natural and biodegradable polymers. The bio-packaging sector is developing innovations to address the sustainability issues facing the food packaging industry. Our research has shown that green matcha extract can be a promising source of antioxidants for the production of bioactive pectin films. This study further confirmed that green matcha extract can be a promising source of antioxidants for the production of bioactive pectin films. The antioxidant activity test showed high activity of films containing matcha extract. The antioxidant activity of films without matcha addition, P, PJ, PC, PJC, was negligible. The addition of matcha to the polymer matrix did not significantly affect the mechanical properties (TS, EB) of the films obtained. The addition of cellulose had the greatest effect on changing the mechanical properties. It caused a twofold increase in the mechanical properties of the obtained packaging films. The addition of matcha significantly improved the barrier properties (for PM films, the WVTR was 3.40 [g/m2d]; for PJM films the WVTR was 1.70 [g/m2d]). The green packaging films showed no toxic effects on the plants (Phacelia tanacetifolia, Salvia hispanica, Brassica napus) and invertebrates (Daphnia pulex, Chaoborus, Chironomus aprilinus) tested. The half-solubility time of the membranes in a solution mimicking gastric acid was also determined. The longest half-dissolution time of the films was about 2 min. Our research has therefore shown that the biodegradable and environmentally safe green packaging films with antioxidant activity that we have developed can be used as edible functional casings in the future, e.g., for sausages and other food products.

Will a plant germplasm accession conserved in a genebank change genetically over time?

The simplified question on the genetic change of a conserved plant germplasm accession over time is raised for a better understanding of the challenging mission of conserving more than 7.4 million germplasm accessions in 2000 genebanks worldwide for generations to come. Its answer will influence how these genebanks operate to ensure the continued survival and availability of the conserved plant genetic resources for future food security. Here, we explore the expected impact of evolutionary forces on plant germplasm in genebanks, search for the theoretical expectations and empirical evidence for such impacts from the literature, and discuss the ramifications of the evidence for long-term plant germplasm management and conservation. It is expected that genetic changes of long-term conserved germplasm under genebank conditions will occur commonly as an evolutionary rule, not as an exception. Incorporating evolutionary biology into the Genebank Standards and operational procedures will benefit the mission of long-term germplasm conservation.

Characterization of Rapeseed Protein Supramolecular Structures Obtained by Aqueous Extractions

Aqueous extraction of rapeseed has the potential to produce mildly refined yet functional protein ingredients. However, the colloidal structures of these mildly refined ingredients are still not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the structures present in rapeseed extracts by analyzing their scattering characteristics across different length scales. Rapeseed protein concentrates were obtained after aqueous extractions at acidic (pH 5.7) or alkaline (pH 8.5) conditions. The structures were investigated using complementary techniques, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering. To understand the scattering contribution of various components at characteristic length scales, D2O contrast variation was performed, and SAXS analysis for extracts at pH 5.7 treated with pectinase were compared to those untreated. All suspensions contained globular proteins within a network of soluble polysaccharides as observed by Cryo-TEM. SANS analysis with different D2O/H2O ratios demonstrated that at low q, both proteins and polysaccharide contributed to scattering, suggesting the presence of large complexes containing both. The signal for pH 8.5 suspensions was mainly attributed to oleosomes. SAXS measurements agreed with the SANS data, and pH 5.7 suspensions measured after pectin hydrolysis revealed that the complexes were formed by rapeseed globulins (∼4 nm) and polysaccharide chains. This research highlights the importance of understanding the protein-polysaccharide interactions occurring in rapeseed aqueous extracts, to fully utilize these less refined fractions as value-added ingredients in future sustainable foods.

Organic Food Products - A study on Consumers Perspective in Udgir Town of Maharashtra

In the recent decade we have observed a trend of emerging concern among human beings on the planet earth towards ecology and environment. The increasing concern among humans about environment has led to the increasing demand and requirement for Eco-friendly Organic Food products in the Indian market. As awareness of environmental issues and health concerns rises, consumers increasingly seek sustainable food options that align with their values. This study examines key factors influencing consumer choices, including perceived health benefits, environmental impact, and the importance of ethical sourcing. Through survey, insights are gathered on consumer knowledge of organic certifications, pricing concerns, and the role of marketing in shaping perceptions Considering the environmental concerns this articles states that today the consumers are optimistic and have a positive attitude towards Organic Food products and consumers do prefer to buy such products even if they have to pay a premium for the same which is usually influenced by certain variables that include their perceptions about the benefits that Eco-friendly Organic Food organic food products provide, along with the societal norms and personal values moreover including their understanding towards environmental concerns. The study is concluded with certain suggestions that emphasizes on various methods to increase the consumer awareness towards Eco-friendly Organic Food products and based on sustainability encourage the Eco-friendly Food consumption pattern. The findings reveal a growing trend towards prioritizing eco-friendly products, suggesting a shift in market dynamics that could influence future agricultural practices and food production. Understanding these consumer attitudes is essential for producers and retailers aiming to meet the demand for sustainable food options and to promote a healthier planet.

Underutilized wild edible plants (future smart food): A report on its diversity, nutritional properties and importance

Underutilized wild edible plants (UWEPs) have great nutritional values. Researchers are becoming more and more aware of these plants because of their susceptibility to adverse climatic and environmental conditions. The documentation of the diversity of UWEP species and their potential role in socio-economic activities, as well as Traditional knowledge related to them and threats to them, were highlighted in this report. Additionally, the neglect of UWEPs, which is closely linked to a lack of knowledge about their nutritional and economic value, was also highlighted.

Improving Iron Content in Sustainable Mycoprotein Production through Seawater Fermentation

The growing global population and rising protein demand are straining freshwater resources. Fusarium venenatum (Fv) mycoprotein offers a sustainable protein alternative, with environmental efficiency and potential health benefits. However, its low iron content remains a concern, especially for vegetarians and vegans. This study introduces a sustainable approach, employing seawater as a fermentation medium for Fv production. Our analysis reveals that mycoprotein derived from SEA Fv exhibits elevated levels of sodium and calcium, with a notably high iron content (2.2 mg/100g wet weight). The sodium content, while 3.31 times higher than in non-seawater fermentation, remains within recommended daily intake parameters. No plasticizers or heavy metals were detected in the SEA Fv cell body, minimizing long-term toxicity risks from seawater use. A unique metabolite, dihydroorotic acid, was identified from an in-house library of 774 metabolites, serving as an internal biomarker for seawater-based production methods. An acute safety study condensing 600g of SEA Fv to simulate high mycoprotein digestion showed no effects on key physical behaviors or major organs, including the heart and lungs. This positions the product as a viable protein alternative with enhanced iron content, highlighting seawater-based fermentation as a sustainable method for future food production and industry progress.

Plant Factory Speed Breeding Significantly Shortens Rice Generation Time and Enhances Metabolic Diversity

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plays a pivotal role in global food security, yet its breeding is constrained by its long generation time and seasonality. To enhance rice breeding efficiency and meet future food demands, we have developed a vertical hydroponic breeding system integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting in a closed plant factory (PF), which significantly accelerates rice growth and generation advancement. The results show that indica rice can be harvested as early as after 63 days of cultivation, a 50% reduction compared with field cultivation, enabling the annual harvesting of 5–6 generations within the PF. A hyperspectral imaging system (HSI) and attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy were further employed to characterize the chemical composition of the PF- and field-cultivated rice. Metabolomics analysis with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that, compared with the field-cultivated rice, the PF-cultivated rice exhibited an up-regulation of total phenolic acids along with 68 non-volatile and 19 volatile metabolites, such as isovitexin, succinic acid, and methylillicinone F. Overall, this study reveals the unique metabolic profile of PF-cultivated rice and highlights the potential of PFs to accelerate the breeding of crops such as rice, offering an innovative agricultural strategy to support food security in the face of global population growth and climate change.

Smart City Aquaculture: AI-Driven Fry Sorting and Identification Model

The development of smart agriculture has become a critical issue for the future of smart cities, with large-scale management of aquaculture posing numerous challenges. Particularly in the fish farming industry, producing single-sex fingerlings (especially male fingerlings) is crucial for enhancing rearing efficiency and could even provide key support in addressing future global food demands. However, traditional methods of manually selecting the gender of broodfish rely heavily on experienced technicians, are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and present significant bottlenecks in improving production efficiency, thus limiting the capacity and sustainable development potential of fish farms. In response to this situation, this study has developed an intelligent identification system based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) artificial intelligence (AI) model, specifically designed for analyzing secondary sexual characteristics and gender screening in farmed fish. Through this system, farmers can quickly photograph the fish’s cloaca using a mobile phone, and AI technology is then used to perform real-time gender identification. The study involved two phases of training with different sample sets: in the first phase, the AI model was trained on a single batch of images with varying parameter conditions. In the second phase, additional sample data were introduced to improve generalization. The results of the study show that the system achieved an identification accuracy of over 95% even in complex farming environments, significantly reducing the labor costs and physical strain associated with traditional screening operations and greatly improving the production efficiency of breeding facilities. This research not only has the potential to overcome existing technological bottlenecks but also may become an essential tool for smart aquaculture. As the system continues to be refined, it is expected to be applicable across the entire life cycle management of fish, including gender screening during the growth phase, thereby enabling a more efficient production and management model. This not only provides an opportunity for technological upgrades in the aquaculture industry but also promotes the sustainable development of aquaculture. The smart aquaculture solution proposed in this study demonstrates the immense potential of applying AI technology to the aquaculture industry and offers strong support for global food security and the construction of smart cities.

Optimization and Bioactive Evaluation of Bifurcaria bifurcata Antioxidant-Rich Extracts for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications.

In recent years, consumers have been increasingly interested in natural, healthier, functional foods, with a focus on sea-based products such as algae. Bifurcaria bifurcata (BB) is a macroalga that belongs to the Phaeophyceae class. These brown algae are recognized as the source of bioactive molecules of great interest to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The present work applied response surface methodology to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of the poorly studied algae. The optimization variables were time, pressure, and solvent composition (ethanol/water) and the response parameters selected were yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the antioxidant profile by evaluating DPPH•+, ABTS•+ scavenging activity, and β-carotene discoloration capacity. The results obtained reveal remarkable bioactivity of the crude extract of BB with positive results as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, the BB extract's capacity to inhibit enzymes related to neurodegenerative diseases and its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation activity open the possibility of future food or pharmaceutical applications.