Future Exploration Research Articles

Mindfulness at Work: A Bibliometric Analysis of Key Authors, Themes, and Trends

Background: Mindfulness in the workplace has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance well-being, reduce stress, and improve productivity. As interest in workplace mindfulness has grown, a need arises to systematically analyze the influential studies, key authors, themes, and trends shaping this field. Objectives: This study aims to map the intellectual landscape of "mindfulness at work" through a bibliometric analysis, identifying key contributions, collaboration networks, thematic clusters, and publication trends over time. Methods: Utilizing data from Lens.org, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and WordSift tools to examine co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation networks, as well as keyword frequency and thematic trends. Findings: The analysis identifies central figures such as Jochen Reb and Christopher J. Lyddy and highlights prominent themes including well-being, stress management, and engagement, with a peak in publication interest around 2019. The study also reveals isolated research clusters, suggesting limited interdisciplinary integration within the field. Conclusion: While mindfulness research at work is growing, opportunities exist for deeper cross-disciplinary collaboration and broader integration of themes. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the field’s development, offering insights into emerging trends, key influencers, and areas for future exploration, making it a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers interested in advancing workplace mindfulness.

Frustrated Radical Pairs: From Fleeting Intermediates to Isolable Species.

We present the design and comprehensive investigation of stable para-substituted triarylamine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) radical ion pairs (RIPs) generated via single-electron transfer (SET). We quantified the degree of SET in both solution and solid phases, utilising a suite of spectroscopic techniques including IR, EPR, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Our findings reveal that the extent of SET is significantly influenced by the nature of the substituents (MeO > tBu > Br) and the polarity of the solvent (MeCN > DCM > toluene). The radical ion pair [(pMeOPh)3N]•+[DDQ]•- was unambiguously identified using EPR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and its structure was confirmed by SC-XRD. Detailed analysis indicates an open-shell singlet ground state with a thermally accessible triplet state, as corroborated by EPR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and DFT calculations. This study offers crucial insights into the mechanistic pathways of RIP formation and tuning both in solution and solid states, laying the groundwork for future exploration of their reactivity and potential applications.

Shape-from-Shading Derived DEMs from ShadowCam Images in Permanently Shadowed Regions at the Lunar South Pole: A First Look

Abstract. The lunar south pole, particularly its permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), has been the focus of future lunar exploration. The solar altitude angle at the lunar south pole is less than ∼ 2°, resulting in the PSRs not being directly illuminated and the possible existence of water ice in the PSRs due to the low temperatures. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) in PSRs are crucial for future exploration missions and scientific research. However, existing image datasets (e.g., LROC NAC images) cannot penetrate the PSRs. Laser altimetry (e.g., LOLA) can measure the PSRs, but the DEMs derived from LOLA suffer from noises and interpolation defects. ShadowCam is a newly deployed camera onboard the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, with a high imaging sensitivity. ShadowCam can capture the faint secondary illumination within PSRs, revealing previously indistinguishable topographic features in persistent darkness. Based on our existing Shape-from-Shading (SfS) pipeline for generating high-resolution DEMs from monocular images, we introduce a novel SfS approach that utilizes secondary illumination and reflectance to reconstruct pixel-wise high-resolution DEMs from ShadowCam images in PSRs. The approach consists of three steps: (1) modeling the secondary illumination on the target surfaces in PSRs based on the view factor; (2) optimizing a low-resolution LOLA DEM using the secondary illumination model; (3) refining the DEM to pixel-wise resolution based on SfS using the ShadowCam images. A test area (approximately 1 km × 1 km) within the PSR in the Shackleton crater near the lunar south pole is used for experimental evaluation. The results show that the DEM generated by the proposed approach is highly consistent with the direct LOLA measurements, particularly in small-scale topographic features such as crater floors and rims that are absent from the LOLA DEM. A first look at the results indicates that the proposed approach has great potential for generating high-resolution DEMs from ShadowCam images in PSRs, which can aid future exploration missions targeting the PSRs at the lunar south pole and support related scientific research on the water ice in the PSRs.

Progress in the application of silicon-based materials in lithium-ion batteries anodes

From the battery that powers the remote control to the battery that powers electric cars, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a crucial component of contemporary energy storage. The large theoretical capacity of silicon anodes provides significant benefits inside LIBs. However, the main issue with the conventional silicon bulk anode is its considerable volume expansion, which forms an unstable Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer during the charge and discharge process and severely reduces battery performance and lifespan. Therefore, to solve these issues, researchers have explored multiple improved silicon anodes, three of which are mentioned in this essay. Firstly, the researchers delve into the usage of nanotechnology. When manipulating silicon particles at the nano-scale, the nano-silicon can mitigate the volume expansion, improving the reaction kinetics. Then, a composite of carbon and silicon is proposed, combining silicon's high capacitance and carbon's high conductivity. After that is the silicon-metal composite, which utilizes metals' mechanical strength and conductivity to stabilize Si anodes further and improve thermal stability. Overall, the significance of this study lies in the exploration of the application of silicon anodes in LIBs, highlighting the potential of these composite materials and advanced technology, which may help guide the future exploration of better silicon anodes.

Mapping the Research Landscape of Ordinary Differential Equations through Bibliometric Analysis

Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are a fundamental field used for mathematical modelling in wide-ranging applications. This research visually represents the research landscape of ODEs by utilizing bibliometric analysis and social network analysis. We analysed 1,849 documents related to topic developments, patterns in publications, and collaborative networks spanning the years 2019 to 2024. Consequently, numerous papers have been published by authors from the United States, China, and Russia, where research activity is significantly focused. The analysis identifies the articles with the highest citation rates, as well as the important authors and universities that are at the centre of publishing on ODEs. Furthermore, we display the collaborative network of the research group and countries using the VOSviewer application. In conclusion, the study highlights the current state and progress of ODE research by identifying recent developments and intriguing topics for future exploration. This paper serves as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to understand the impact and progress of ODE investigations within the broader mathematical domain.

Industrial Production of Functional Foods for Human Health and Sustainability

Functional foods significantly affect social stability, human health, and food security. Plants and microorganisms are high-quality chassis for the bioactive ingredients in functional foods. Characterised by precise nutrition and the provision of both nutritive and medicinal value, functional foods serve a as key extension of functional agriculture and offer assurance of food availability for future space exploration efforts. This review summarises the main bioactive ingredients in functional foods and their functions, describes the strategies used for the nutritional fortification and industrial production of functional foods, and provides insights into the challenges and future developments in the applications of plants and microorganisms in functional foods. Our review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods, ensure the successful production of new products, and support the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, including no poverty, zero hunger, and good health and well-being.

Association of cognitive performance with overall, dosage, intensity, and domain physical activity in aging: NHANES 2011–2014

BackgroundThe specific relationship between PA in detailed types and cognition is still unclear due to limited evidence. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and various aspects of physical activity, including overall activity, dosage, intensity levels [moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous PA], and different domains of activity [occupational PA (OPA), transportation PA (TPA), and leisure-time PA (LTPA)] in older adults using data from the NHANES database.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from 2 cycles of NHANES (2011–2014). PA was determined through participants' self-reports using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Cognitive performance was evaluated by the presence of psychometric mild cognitive impairment (p-MCI), identified based on a composite measure derived from three cognitive tests including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association.ResultsA total of 2588 participants aged 60 years or older were included, with an average age of 69.4 years and 48% being male. In the fully adjusted model, compared to no PA, performing 300 min of PA, and MPA were associated with 44%, and 33% reductions in the prevalence of p-MCI, respectively. Additionally, engaging in 1–149 min/week [OR 0.56, 95% CI (0.33–0.92)] and ≥ 300 min/week [OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.44–0.96)] of OPA, as well as ≥ 300 min/week [OR 0.56, 95% CI (0.36–0.86)] of LTPA, were also associated with a lower prevalence of p-MCI. Additionally, engaging in a diverse range of PA had better outcomes.ConclusionsOur results suggested a positive association between higher levels of PA and enhanced cognitive performance. Different intensities and domains of PA have varying impacts on cognition. Future exploration, such as objectively measured PA and longitudinal studies were needed to validate our conclusion.

Overview of Space-Based Laser Communication Missions and Payloads: Insights from the Autonomous Laser Inter-Satellite Gigabit Network (ALIGN)

This paper examines the growing adoption of laser communication (lasercom) in space missions and payloads for identifying emerging trends and key technology drivers of future optical communications satellite systems. It also presents a comprehensive overview of commercially available and custom-designed lasercom terminals, outlining their characteristics and specifications to meet the evolving demands of global satellite networks. The analysis explores the technical considerations and challenges associated with integrating lasercom terminals into LEO constellations and the Inter-satellite communications service provision in LEO due to their power, size, and weight constraints. By analyzing advancements in CubeSat lasercom technology designed to cater for the emergence of future mega constellations of interacting small satellites, the paper underscores its promising role in establishing high-performance satellite communication networks for future space exploration and data transmission. In addition, a brief overview of our ALIGN planned mission is provided, which highlights the main key operational features in terms of PAT and link budget analysis.

The impact of diabetes mellitus on tendon pathology: a review

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, leading to complications, mortality, and significant healthcare expenditures, which impose a substantial social and financial burden globally. A diabetic environment can induce metabolic changes, negatively affecting tendon homeostasis, leading to alterations in biomechanical properties and histopathology. Numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms through which diabetes exerts pathological effects on tendons, including increased free radical production, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and microvascular changes. These metabolic changes damages tendon structure, biomechanics, and tendon repair processes. The proliferation of tendon stem cells decreases, apoptosis increases, and abnormal differentiation, along with abnormal expression of myofibroblasts, ultimately lead to insufficient tendon repair, fibrosis, and remodeling. Although researches unveiling the effects of diabetes on tendinopathy, fibrosis or contracture, and tendon injury healing are growing, systematic understanding is still lacking. Therefore, this review summarizes the current research status and provides a comprehensive overview, offering theoretical guidance for future in-depth exploration of the impact of diabetes on tendons and the development of treatments for diabetes-related tendon diseases.

High-resolution isochronous stratigraphic framework through well-seismic integration in tight sandstone: a case study of Luodai gas field, Sichuan, China

Tight gas sandstone represents a significant unconventional resource extensively discovered across numerous sedimentary basins around the world. Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by low porosity, low permeability, variable source material, rapid spatial and temporal changes, poor reservoir properties, and strong heterogeneity. Traditional geophysical methods struggle to meet the demands of exploration and development of these types of reservoirs. This study applies a high-precision comparative approach using well-seismic integration to establish a relative isochronous stratigraphic framework. Based on this framework, extracting seismic properties can effectively predict tight sandstone reservoirs. This paper, focusing on the Penglaizhen Formation in the Luodai Gas Field of the Western Sichuan Jurassic system. This entire process accomplished in three steps: starting with regional marker layers as the initial framework; followed by the establishment of a relative isochronous framework through precise well-seismic integration; and finally stratigraphic slicing techniques to delineate isochronous stratigraphic framework with shorter time intervals. Thereby enhancing the reliability of subsurface stratigraphic information and data accuracy. The study posits that current technological means cannot create a truly isochronous stratigraphic framework; thus, “isochronous” is considered a relative concept in this context. The framework aims to ensure temporal consistency by minimizing discrepancies through mutual constraints between well and seismic data, serving to exploration and development requirements. Furthermore, analyses such as sensitive attribute extraction, impedance inversion, and assessment of hydrocarbon potential in tight sandstone reservoirs demonstrate strong correlation with drilling results. This validation underscores the framework’s efficacy in interpreting industrial gas production flows, thereby providing robust support for future oil and gas exploration.

Hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete and conventional concrete: a comparative analysis

This study presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete and conventional concrete, with a focus on their energy-saving potential and moisture regulation capabilities. Through detailed numerical simulations, the research examines how these two materials perform under identical climatic conditions, highlighting key differences in their ability to retain heat and manage moisture. The results reveal that hemp concrete provides up to 80% less thermal energy dissipation through building walls compared to conventional concrete, making it a far superior material for thermal insulation. In addition, hemp concrete exhibits improved moisture regulation, which not only enhances indoor comfort but also promotes healthier living environments by preventing excessive humidity. The study emphasizes hemp concrete's potential in significantly reducing energy consumption in buildings, thus promoting its application in sustainable construction. While hemp concrete lacks the mechanical strength required for load-bearing applications, its numerous environmental benefits, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for non-structural components make it an attractive choice for eco-friendly construction projects. This research also paves the way for future exploration of innovative uses for hemp-based materials in green building practices.

Enhancing thermal management systems: a machine learning and metaheuristic approach for predicting thermophysical properties of nanofluids

Abstract In thermal engineering, predicting nanofluid thermophysical properties is essential for efficient cooling systems and improved heat transfer. Traditional methods often fall short in handling complex datasets. This study leverages machine learning (ML) and metaheuristic algorithms to predict key nanofluid properties, such as specific heat capacity (SHC), thermal conductivity (TC), and viscosity. By utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Linear Regression (LR), alongside metaheuristic models like Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), we achieve superior prediction accuracy compared to traditional models. The integration of these computational techniques with empirical data demonstrates their effectiveness in capturing the complex dynamics of thermofluids. Our results validate the precision of ML and metaheuristic models in predicting nanofluid properties and underscore their potential as robust tools for researchers and practitioners in thermal engineering. This work paves the way for future exploration of ML algorithms in thermal management, marking a significant advancement in optimizing nanofluid applications in industry and research.

Simulation of light environments inside lunar holes and their associated subsurface caverns

Vertical holes of several tens of meters in diameter and depth have been discovered on the Moon, potentially serving as skylights into subsurface volcanic caverns resembling lava tubes. Because of their scientific importance and potential for use as future lunar bases, these lunar holes and caverns are expected to be targets of intensive exploration in the near future. Using numerical simulations, this study investigates the light environment within a directly and/or indirectly sunlit subsurface cavern accessed through a skylight hole. We specifically analyze the Mare Tranquillitatis Hole (MTH), one of the largest lunar vertical holes, situated near the Moon's nearside meridian. The floor and walls of the hole, and the walls and ceiling of its associated subsurface cavern are lit by reflected sunlight from other parts of the hole and cavern, such as the floors, depending on the solar elevation angle. Furthermore, this paper presents estimation results for camera imaging for a case in which solar elevation angle is 45° in the morning, which is appropriate timing for exploration. Assuming reflectance of 0.1 for the lunar hole and cavern surfaces, we estimate the incident energy onto each pixel of a camera as it descends to the hole's floor. We specifically simulate conditions for a camera with a 12-bit dynamic range, similar to the wide-angle optical navigation camera (ONC-W) onboard the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft. The results suggest that a camera with a fixed gain would struggle to capture both directly and indirectly sunlit areas simultaneously, without saturating bright areas and ensuring minimum incident energy resolution (say, a 10 digital number) for darker areas. To overcome this challenge, adjusting the camera gain based on the hole's and cavern's illumination conditions is necessary.Graphical abstract

Comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the MIKC-type MADS-box family members and the dynamic expression profiling throughout the development of floral buds in Populus tomentosa

Poplar is a major silvicultural tree species for industrial production, with versatile applications in construction, furniture, pulp and biofuel. The phenotypic appearance of male or female floral buds in poplar trees, exhibits a strikingly similar morphology at corresponding developmental stages. However, there are significant differences in internal anatomical structures. The MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor family plays an indispensable role in regulating the development of floral organs and increasing vegetative biomass, and it is also of great significance in elucidation of the aforementioned morphological differences. This study systematically analyzed the MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor family in Populus tomentosa. A total of 100 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified, which were divided into 14 subfamilies. We examined the physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosome distribution, collinearity, promoter cis-acting elements, gene expression profiles, and protein-protein interaction network of these 100 MIKC-type MADS-box members. Excitingly, four clusters of PtMADS members exhibited a high level of abundant expression in the initial and mature floral buds of both male and female, suggesting critical significance in tuning the morphogenesis and development of floral organs, as well as in the modulation of reproductive fitness. The protein-protein interaction network diagram corroborated these findings, substantiating the speculated roles of these genes. Our findings lay a foundational framework for future functional explorations and potential applications of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in this industry tree species.

Deterministic fault-tolerant connectivity labeling scheme

AbstractThe f-fault-tolerant connectivity labeling (f-FTC labeling) is a scheme of assigning each vertex and edge with a small-size label such that one can determine the connectivity of two vertices s and t under the presence of at most f faulty edges only from the labels of s, t, and the faulty edges. This paper presents a new deterministic f-FTC labeling scheme attaining $$O(f^2 \textrm{polylog}(n))$$ O ( f 2 polylog ( n ) ) -bit label size and a polynomial construction time, which settles the open problem left by Dory and Parter (in: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing (PODC), pp 445–455, 2021). The key ingredient of our construction is to develop a deterministic counterpart of the graph sketch technique by Ahn et al. (in: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGAI symposium on principles of database systems (PODS), pp 5–14, 2012), via some natural connection with the theory of error-correcting codes. This technique removes one major obstacle in de-randomizing the Dory–Parter scheme. The whole scheme is obtained by combining this technique with a new deterministic graph sparsification algorithm derived from the seminal $$\epsilon $$ ϵ -net theory, which is also of independent interest. As byproducts, our result deduces the first deterministic fault-tolerant approximate distance labeling scheme with a non-trivial performance guarantee and an improved deterministic fault-tolerant compact routing. The authors believe that our new technique is potentially useful in the future exploration of more efficient FTC labeling schemes and other related applications based on graph sketches.

OPTIMIZING AUTHENTICATION SECURITY IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS THROUGH VISUAL BIOMETRICS FOR ENHANCED EFFICIENCY

Context. The primary objective of this article is to explore aspects related to ensuring security and enhancing the efficiency of authentication processes in intelligent systems through the application of visual biometrics. The focus is on advancing and refining authentication systems by employing sophisticated biometric identification methods. Objective. A specialized intelligent system has been developed, utilizing a Siamese neural network to establish secure user authentication within the existing system. Beyond incorporating fundamental security measures such as hashing and secure storage of user credentials, the contemporary significance of implementing two-factor authentication is underscored. This approach significantly fortifies user data protection, thwarting most contemporary hacking methods and safeguarding against data breaches. The study acknowledges certain limitations in its approach, possibly affecting the generalizability of the findings. These limitations provide avenues for future research and exploration, contributing to the ongoing evolution of authentication methodologies in intelligent systems. Method. The two-factor authentication system integrates facial recognition technology, employing visual biometrics for heightened security compared to alternative two-factor authentication methods. Various implementations of the Siamese neural network, utilizing Contrastive loss function and Triplet loss function, were evaluated. Subsequently, a neural network employing the Triplet loss function was implemented and trained. Results. The article emphasizes the practical implications of the developed intelligent system, showcasing its effectiveness in minimizing the risk of unauthorized access to user accounts. The integration of contemporary authentication methodologies ensures a secure and robust user authentication process. Conclusions. The implementation of facial recognition technology in authentication processes has broader social implications. It contributes to a more secure digital environment by preventing unauthorized access, ultimately safeguarding user privacy and data. The study’s originality lies in its innovative approach to authentication, utilizing visual biometrics within a Siamese neural network framework. The developed intelligent system represents a valuable contribution to the field, offering an effective and contemporary solution to user authentication challenges.

Multiple generations of garnet and their genetic significance in the Niukutou cobalt-rich Pb-Zn-(Fe) skarn deposit, East Kunlun orogenic belt, western China

The Niukutou deposit, situated within the Qimantagh ore-concentrated area of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), represents a typical skarn-type Pb-Zn-(Fe) deposit that is also associated with cobalt (Co) mineralization. The main ore minerals include galena, sphalerite, magnetite, hematite, Co-bearing arsenopyrite, cobaltite and glaucodot. This study conducted geochronological and chemical composition analyses of multi-generational garnets from the deposit, aiming to elucidate their genetic significance in the mineralization process. Field and mineralogical observations indicate the presence of three generations of garnets: Grt-I, Grt-II, and Grt-III. The earliest garnet generation (Grt-I) formed during the prograde stage, typically in garnet skarns, and is often replaced by epidote. The second generation (Grt-II), which coexists with pyroxene, also formed during the prograde stage, whereas the third generation (Grt-III) is associated with pyrrhotite stockworks, suggesting its formation during the sulfide stage. Using in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, garnets yield ages of approximately 230–234 Ma, which aligns with the age of 231.8 ± 7.5 Ma obtained from hydrothermal titanite in the deposit. These ages, combined with those of the previous studies, indicate major magmatic and metallogenic activity of 220–240 Ma in the Qimantagh area. Each generation of garnets displays oscillatory zoning characterized by alternating andradite and grossular compositions. The variations in Sn and high field-strength element (HFSE) contents across different garnet generations indicate an increasing trend in oxygen fugacity as mineralization progresses. The high Sn contents in the Niukutou garnets provide geochemical clues for the potential of Sn-W mineralization in this deposit, which should pay attention to in future exploration. Additionally, the high As concentrations in the Niukutou garnets suggest an As-rich hydrothermal fluid, which, owing to the stronger affinity of cobalt for sulfarsenides over sulfides, provides a geochemical indicator for the formation of abundant Co-bearing sulfarsenides rather than cobaltiferous sulfides in the deposit.

Translation Prospects of a Novel ECM‐Silk Fibroin/Alginate 3D‐Printed Scaffold for Treatment of Full‐Thickness Skin Wounds: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

ABSTRACTThe development of bioinks incorporating extracellular matrix (ECM) has attracted significant interest for creating three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed structures that simulate natural skin, aiming to facilitate profound wound healing. In our study, we utilized the potential of human placenta, renowned for its abundant structural proteins and growth factors essential for wound recovery, as a basis for an ECM‐based bioink. Different concentrations (1.5%, 3% and 5% w/v) of decellularized/solubilized placental ECM were integrated into silk fibroin/alginate to generate a printable bioink. The biocompatibility of the printed hydrogels was studied in vitro. Our refined ECM‐based bioink at a 5% w/v concentration was administered to full‐thickness wounds in a mouse model. The ECM‐based frameworks, due to their distinct structure, created a non‐cytotoxic environment conducive to in vitro cell adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation. Crucially, they did not provoke an adverse immune reaction in the host. Implanting the 3D‐printed ECM scaffold into deep wounds resulted in increased formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and re‐epithelialization compared to scaffolds lacking ECM and untreated wounds. Our findings decisively demonstrate that the 5% ECM 3D scaffold promotes regeneration of deep wounds in vivo, creating a skin substitute with cellular organization closely resembling normal skin. This advancement sets the stage for future clinical exploration and holds tremendous promise for advancing wound healing therapies.

Southeastern extension of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Eastern Indian Shield: A detailed appraisal

Trans-crustal, northerly dipping, arcuate Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) constituting the interface of Proterozoic North Singhbhum Mobile Belt (NSMB) and Singhbhum Craton (SC) is established over a strike length of about ∼200 km from Baharagorato Chakradharpur in the west beyond which it bifurcates around the wedge shaped Chakradharpur granite. Based on geological mapping and meso to micro scale structural analysis, present work examines the SSZ’s southeastern extension beyond Baharagora, indicating its southward continuation for about 50 km to Dubukidihi within the NSMB lithopackage. Bangriposi Shear Zone (BSZ) which defines the terrane boundary between the SC and NSMB in this sector, splays towards north as Bangriposi West Shear Zone (BWSZ) and both transects the Dhanjori Basin longitudinally. BSZ and BWSZ are interpreted to be cogenetic with SSZ. NSMB in this area comprises of pelitic and psamopelitic rocks intruded by mafic–ultramafic magmatism and granitoids. Considering a north to south compression regime during accretion of NSMB with SC, the study area, which forms the interface between the craton and mobile belt, is at an acute to obtuse angle with the direction of overall stress field. It is marked by several high strain zones characterized by N-S shear band cleavages with moderate easterly dips, and northerly pitching stretching/mineral lineation. Consistent westerly vergent folds on mylonitic plane and orientation of stretching lineation indicates top to WSW movement in the shear zones. Tectonically interleaved mafic–ultramafic schist within the Romapahari granite are sites of copper mineralization with enhanced nickel concentration pointing towards future exploration sites for epigenetic copper, uranium mineralization which is so characteristic of SSZ.

Commercial Diplomacy and Internationalization of SMEs: A Scoping Review

The purpose of this study is to synthesize information about the possible advantages of SME internationalization. The primary question driving this scoping review is: What is the extent to which field of commercial diplomacy has identified its potential to benefit the SMEs, specifically in their internationalization efforts? We do have done a scoping review adhering to a five-step methodology, and extensively reviewing the relevant studies. A systematic literature review was conducted using electronic databases with predefined inclusion-exclusion criteria. 191 articles were screened, yielding 19 relevant studies for final analysis. Our review not only offers a comprehensive analysis of the current research on the relationship between CD and SME internationalization, but also identifies key themes. While doing so, this study sheds light on significant findings, on-going debates, and identifies research gaps that need future exploration. The study’s theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. The role of SMEs in economic growth and innovation is crucial in the context of globalization. Nevertheless, SMEs have several internal and external challenges throughout their process of internationalization. Despite the established significance commercial diplomacy plays in the internationalization efforts of SMEs, centre of attention remains on large organization and their facilitation. While the current body of research mostly focuses on the economic consequences of internationalization for bigger companies, it remains limited on SMEs.