Future Daily Life Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF ATHLETIC EXERCISES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN MOTOR ABILITIES

The bases of athletic exercises are natural human movements. Their use in the educational process will contribute to the child’s health comprehensive physical development and strengthening. Athletic exercises improve the skills of walking, running, jumping and other movements that the child needs in his future daily life. The integrated use of athletic exercises teaches the child to feel and control the capabilities of his own body and to enjoy it. Athletic exercises stimulate the activity of each child, taking into consideration his individual characteristics. The aim of the research is the development of motor qualities in the educational process of preschool children using various athletic exercises. The objectives of the research are to increase the motor and functional abilities of children with the help of general developing and special athletic exercises, developing strength, speed, endurance, agility, etc., using various athletic exercises, and instilling love and interest in athletics. We used the method of study, analysis, comparison and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, methods of empirical analysis (observation, demonstration, etc.) The experiment carried out indicates that athletic exercises have the most effective impact on the process of development of preschool children motor abilities. This confirms the peculiarity and necessity of the quantitative and qualitative use of athletic exercises in improving the physical development of the younger generation.

Defining advance care planning from the perspective of people with dementia: Focus groups with the European Working Group of People with dementia

AbstractBackgroundThe European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) defines advance care planning (ACP) as a process enabling individuals with decisional capacity to define goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care, discuss these with family and health‐care providers, and record and review them if appropriate. There are concerns that this and other definitions may not apply to ACP in the context of dementia. ACP needs for people with dementia differ from those of people with other diseases. Furthermore, current definitions are not informed by input from people with dementia, but rely on professional expert recommendations. We gathered the perspectives of the European Working Group of People with Dementia (EWGPWD) regarding the EAPC ACP definition to explore its applicability in the context of dementia.MethodsWe conducted 3 online focus groups with members of the EWGPWD (n = 12) and their supporters (n = 9). We deconstructed ACP in four topics revolving around the what, why, who, and when of ACP to guide discussions. To analyze the data, we used inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree key issues were highlighted as important to consider in an ACP definition which would be inclusive for people with dementia. First, participants disagreed with the focus on people with decisional capacity, as they saw loss of capacity as a gradual process that depends on context and should be supported throughout the dementia trajectory. Second, although some noted that family dynamics vary, the essential role of families or trust‐based relationships was found to be under‐addressed, as families were generally considered to have personal knowledge of the person with dementia. Third, participants suggested that ACP is too centered on medical care. It should include broader conversations on what matters to people in the future, social care, and future daily life activities.ConclusionWe identified three points of contention with the EAPC ACP definition corresponding to dementia‐specific issues. The perspectives of the EWGPWD emerging from our focus groups contribute to the understanding of ACP in the context of dementia and highlight the need for a dementia‐inclusive ACP definition focusing on the issues of decisional capacity, family involvement and social aspects of care.

How does Tourette syndrome impact adolescents’ daily living? A text mining study

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disease in which clinical manifestations are essentially present during childhood and adolescence, corresponding to one of the critical development phases. However, its consequences on the daily lives of young patients have been insufficiently investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate this using a statistical text mining approach, allowing for the analysis of a large volume of free textual data. Sixty-two adolescents with Tourette syndrome participated in an interview in which they discussed their daily life (i) in school, (ii) at home, and (iii) with strangers, (iv) the aspect of Tourette syndrome which caused the most difficulty, and (v) their thoughts regarding their future as adults. Following data pre-processing, these corpora were analyzed separately using the IRAMUTEQ software through factorial correspondence analysis to identify the most commonly recurring topics of each corpus, and their relations with clinical features. The main difficulty corpus was directly related to comorbidities of Tourette syndrome. Daily life at home was correlated with executive functioning. Difficulties at school were related to a higher severity of tics. Thoughts regarding future daily life were worst for the youngest patients and were correlated with executive functioning and a higher depression score. Taken altogether, our results highlighted that social stigma was a pervasive topic among our corpora. From a clinical standpoint, tic severity was especially related to difficulties at school, while comorbidities had a high impact on social daily living and cost for managing both tics and symptoms of comorbidities.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04179435.

Making sense of youth futures narratives: Recognition of emerging tensions in students’ imagination of the future

In this era of great uncertainty, imagining the future may be challenging, especially for young people. In science education, the interest in future-oriented education is now emerging, research needs, however, to keep eyes on youngsters’ future perceptions and on the development of a future literacy. In this article, starting from a sample of individual students’ narratives about their future daily life in 2040, we aim to delineate which ways of grappling with the future can be observed in the essays and which methodological tools are suited to operationalize their identification and characterization. The analysis led to the definition of “polarization” and “complexification” attitudes that represent the ways in which the students’ narratives are positioned with respect to a bunch of dichotomies: personal–societal, functional–aesthetics oriented, good–bad, natural–artificial, and certain–uncertain. Moreover, with this study, we provide a contribution to the methodological reflection that deals with the collection and analysis of data, when students’ future perceptions need to be investigated. Discussing the limits of the current data collection tool, we introduce the design of a SenseMaker® questionnaire which contributed to feeding a collaboration with #OurFutures project, recently launched by the European Commission to collect future narratives all around Europe.

Responsive Polymer Composite Fiber

Comprehensive SummaryWearable devices are a mainstream for our future daily life, where responsive polymer composite fibers represent one of the key components. However, their practical applications are hampered by several challenges, including poor responsive reversibility, poor controllability and low stability as well as single function. Herein, we share our recent studies on overcoming the above challenges for achieving novel responsive polymer composite fibers, especially focusing on chromatic fibers, deformational fibers and their integrations. Furthermore, we introduce a type of novel materials for these responsive fiber materials, i.e., aligned carbon nanotube sheets and fibers simultaneously with excellent electrical, optical and mechanical properties. For the future development, we further highlight the possible directions in this field. What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The conception and realization of display textile. Displays are the basic building blocks of electronics. Integrating displays into textiles offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles, which are believed to change the future life of the human being. For instance, display textiles serve to bridge human‐machine interactions, and a real‐time communication tool may become true for individuals with voice or speech disorders. After hard work for over ten years, we have finally achieved this goal at lab and further produced such display textiles at large scale at industry.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?When I started to do research independently at Fudan University, I tried to do something unique. I just did not hope to simply follow the available direction. I majored at chemical fibers during my undergraduate study and later made research on electronic devices, so it was natural for me to combine fibers and electronics together. I do not remember the detail time I figured out the idea. In my mind, it should be very interesting and must be very cool. I did not know and even had not thought whether they were useful or not. After the paper was published in 2021, so many people contacted us for the use of display textiles for a spectrum of applications. During the study on the display textiles that have been also investigated for smart systems, we started to explore new smart fibermaterials almost at the same time. These smart fiber materials are discussed in this article.How do you supervise your students?First, it is important for me to understand them as every student is unique. Second, according to their characteristics, I may choose specific research projects, often following their interests. Third, I fully respect them when they start the research. They are totally free to decide the work time and work style. I trace the process mainly aiming at solving problems for them. Of course, I keep asking them to enhance their scientific tastes and make the first‐class research, not only so‐called original science or technology. I will try my best to help them to publish their results at top journals, which is important for their future development. During the whole training process, the most important thing I hope to achieve is enjoying science, at least feel successful. It is obviously not easy. Sometimes we make it, and sometimes we fail. We always work for the better full of hope. I sincerely hope that every student, after graduation, will have a good memory at my lab.What is the most important personality for scientific research?I think there are two very important characteristics. One is brave. A scientist should be brave to solve the most difficult problem in the field. The other is imagination. Science is pretty similar to arts in many aspects. We may fix the gap sometimes through imagination. However, it is particularly challenging to train scientists for good imagination in science.

“Nothing more will be changed here”: A qualitative study on the needs of people with dementia

AbstractBackgroundTo prepare nursing students optimally for their future daily working life as formal caregivers of people with age‐related diseases such as dementia, the needs of this target group must be identified. We explored the needs of people with dementia based on Maslow’s need hierarchy theory to systematically identify requirements of nursing professionals as part of the project Digital Training of Nursing and Health Management (DigiCare).MethodWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with people with dementia (n = 10) and caregivers of people with dementia (n = 32). We asked for their daily routines, favoured living spaces, leisure activities and experience of care. We analysed the data with qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Categories were formed deductively based on the need levels defined by Maslow.ResultsThe survey showed that the deficiency needs (physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging) were mostly met in people with dementia, although some respondents described that social needs were not sufficiently met. People with dementia felt loneliness caused by the loss of social contacts due to disease symptoms such as language impairment. The respondents made very ambivalent statements regarding growth needs (esteem, and self‐actualization) of people with dementia. Some people with dementia and their relatives dealt openly with the disease, others described the stigmatisation of dementia and the resulting social rejection of those affected by the disease. Dementia, but also old age in general, was a barrier to cover the need of self‐actualization. The majority of people with dementia we interviewed showed little willingness to accept external help and preferred a high degree of independence. Maintaining good health was mentioned as the most important wish for the future. The identification of further wishes was challenging, as the majority of respondents wanted to continue with their usual life without any changes.ConclusionOur survey suggests that people with dementia need support in particular to cover the needs for belonging, esteem, and self‐actualization. The systematic identification of needs carried out in this study can help to inform formal caregivers to deliver demand‐oriented and person‐centred care.

Readiness of students for the perception of knowledge in the condition of digitalization

In the article authors investigate the problem of readiness of students of the University for the perception of knowledge in the condition of digitalization. Due to the dramatic changing role of the Universities in rapidly developing high-tech environment there is a need for new educational technology, which can provide preparing of young people for life in modern informational society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the readiness of students of the University for the perception of knowledge in life safety in the period of distance education via Internet. Questionnaire survey covered 395 students (245 girls and 150 boys) of Samara University aged from 17 to 24, the research was done with using of Google Drive, section Forms. The research includes the analysis of managing of study and recreation by students, their physical health, changes caused by distance education and students` attitude to different forms of education. We revealed the readiness of students for awareness the necessity to obtain quality and full knowledge, time management that encourages the developing of responsible attitude to personal improvement, adaptation to changing living conditions. Organizers of educational process must provide digital educational platforms, improve and apply new educational learning technology taking into account unequal conditions for students in using the capabilities of the technical equipment. In order to keep all participants healthy it is necessary to take into account time spent for mastering curricula, to use actively digital technology for better messaging information and for checking knowledge when developing new forms and methods of teaching in the condition of digitalization. It is necessary to choose carefully the format of education because of the specificity of subjects. Academic discipline Life Safety includes enough specific training material that demands offline explanation. Especially it is necessary to attend practical classes which develop skills of first aid, behavior algorithms and emergency rescue. The authors conclude: а completely distance education will dramatically lower the quality of teaching, learning, getting necessary skills for students in their future daily and professional life.

Wearable Porous Au Smartsensors for On-Site Detection of Multiple Metal Ions.

Owing to advantages of miniaturization, convenient integration, flexibility, and real-time monitoring, wearable smartsensors have received numerous attention and greatly developed in various fields. However, there usually appears a contradiction between sensing behaviors and simple fabricated methods, seriously limiting on-site detection of actual samples. In this work, a porous Au-based smartsensor has been in situ prepared by combining screen printing technology and sacrificial template electrodeposition. Thanks to abundant active adsorption sites, multiple metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Hg) can be easily achieved on-site detection by this smart platform with a low limit of detection as well as high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, good stability, repeatability, and bending performance. Significantly, it also exhibits a reliable detective capability in actual liquid cosmetic samples with a portable cellphone, which identically corresponds to standard inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP--MS) evaluation. Therefore, this wearable smartsensor provides a promising platform for artificial intelligence application in future daily life.

Managing the Formation of The Individual Financial Culture of University Students

The purpose of the study dealing with the mechanisms for managing the formation of the individual financial culture of university students is to identify the optimal pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of financially literate behavior of students studying under education agreements as rational consumers of educational services. The work performed allowed concluding that the attitude of students to mastering the chosen educational program, their academic performance, as well as social and labor activity allows predicting the nature of their financial behavior as market actors in their future daily life. The majority of students do not tend to treat their training as an investment in their own human capital due to the predominance of paternalistic attitudes associated with the imposition of costs for education on older family members.

3D object recognition based on pairwise Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks

With the development of 3D sensors, it will be much easier for us to obtain 3D models, which is prevailing in our future daily life, but up to now, although many 3D object recognition algorithms have been proposed, there are some limitations, including the lack of training samples, hand-crafted feature representation, feature extraction and recognition separately. In this work, we propose a novel pairwise Multi-View Convolutional Neural Network for 3D Object Recognition (PMV-CNN for short), where automatic feature extraction and object recognition are put into a unify CNN architecture. Moreover, since the pairwise network architecture is utilized in PMV-CNN, thus, the requirement of the number of training samples in the original dataset is not severe. In addition, the latent complementary relationships from different views can be highly explored by view pooling. Large scale experiments demonstrate that the pairwise architecture is very useful when the number of labeled training samples is very small. Moreover, it also makes more robust feature extraction. Furthermore, since the end-to-end network architecture is employed in PMV-CNN, thus, the extracted feature is very suitable for 3D object recognition, whose performance is much better than that of hand-crafted features. In a word, the performance of our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Network Approach to Robust Stretchable Electronic Devices

The pursuit of intelligent optoelectronics could have profound implications on our future daily life. Simultaneous enhancement of the electrical performance, mechanical stretchability, and optical transparency of semiconducting polymers may significantly broaden the spectrum of realizable applications for these materials in future intelligent optoelectronics, i.e., wearable devices, electronic skin, stretchable displays, and a vast array of biomedical sensors. Here, semiconducting films with significantly improved mechanical elasticity and optical transparency, without affecting the film’s electronic conductivity even under 100% strain, were prepared by blending only a small amount (below 1 wt %) of either p-type or n-type commercial semiconductor polymers. We demonstrate that a self-organized versatile conjugated polymer film displaying an interpenetrating polymer network is formed in the semiconducting films and is crucial for the observed enhancement of elasticity, optical transparency, and charge-carr...

Peranan Kontur dan Slope dalam Pengenalan Keaslian Tanda Tangan Menggunakan Dynamic Time Warping dan Polar Fourier Transform

The writer has seen that so far signatures are just validated manually, so there is possibility to create a system for hand signature recognition. The objective of this research is to improve the method for hand signature recognition using combination method with different characteristic. Contour and slope used for special feature in this research. Contour and slope from image will be applied using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Another extraction feature that been used was Polar Fourier Transform (PFT). The method employed for classification are Support Vector Machine (SVM).From the research results, the writer obtains the fact that the combination between the DTW and PFT using SVM classification, provide the better results in verification of an authentic hand signature with the accuracy of 93.23%. it is expected that from this research, the results can be utilized in the process of verification of an authentic hand signature in near future dailylife.

Statistical Dissemination Control in Large Machine-to-Machine Communication Networks

Cloud based machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have emerged to achieve ubiquitous and autonomous data transportation for future daily life in the cyber-physical world. In light of the need of network characterizations, we analyze the connected M2M network in the machine swarm of geometric random graph topology, including degree distribution, network diameter, and average distance (i.e., hops). Without the need of end-to-end information to escape catastrophic complexity, information dissemination appears an effective way in machine swarm. To fully understand practical data transportation, G/G/1 queuing network model is exploited to obtain average end-to-end delay and maximum achievable system throughput. Furthermore, as real applications may require dependable networking performance across the swarm, quality of service (QoS) along with large network diameter creates a new intellectual challenge. We extend the concept of small-world network to form shortcuts among data aggregators as infrastructure-swarm two-tier heterogeneous network architecture, then leverage the statistical concept of network control instead of precise network optimization, to innovatively achieve QoS guarantees. Simulation results further confirm the proposed heterogeneous network architecture to effectively control delay guarantees in a statistical way and to facilitate a new design paradigm in reliable M2M communications.

Cognitive sense of China

On August 7th 2009, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao visited Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. During the trip, he gave three suggestions for the national development strategy and in particularly indicated the importance of the “Cognitive Sense of China”. Cognitive Sense of China, the vision that physical systems such as intelligent utility networks (or smart grids), intelligent transportation systems, and various environmental monitoring systems should become accessible to the online world and to the people; this vision is more and more becoming a reality. With the Cognitive Sense of China, ubiquitous Machine to Machine (M2M) services will become feasible and make major changes to our future daily life and the future human society. Cognitive Sense of China points out the importance of knowledge cognition from various collections of sensed data. Indeed China is setting forth an ambitious plan to accelerate research and development as well as application of sensing and cognition in China. The aim of this special issue is to bring together the state-of-art research on cognitive sense of China. Building on the great potential benefits to the future, Cognitive Sense of China poses a number of key challenges, not only due to the nature of the enabling technologies but also due to the sheer scale of their deployment. These challenges, as indicated by the term of the cognitive sense, fall into two major categories. The first category mainly involves the sensing operations, more specifically, the collection of the sensing data from various sensing, monitoring, surveillance systems. Recently, a more general concept of these sensing systems, the Internet of Things, has become the subject of a great many research works. China is increasing the speed of development of the Internet of Things, making it a new engine for economic growth and an opportunity to catch up with the developed countries. The Internet of Things has the following unique characteristics: physical objects, network of objects, intelligence and interaction of objects. Its definition varies depending on the perspective that is taken. From the functionality and identity perspective it can be defined as Internet-enabled objects having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts. The key enabling technologies include RFID, Wireless Sensor Networks, smart phones and mobile computing, pervasive computing and ubiquitous wireless communications. The other major challenge involves the cognitive, i.e., the processing of the sensing data to obtain new information and knowledge. This category of enabling technologies includes extreme-scale data storage and processing, data interaction and evolution, information retrieval, database management and data mining. Different from the traditional studies in these fields, one unique requirement of Cognitive Sense of China is the extreme-scale. The data volume that needs to be processed in a real-time manner (say, within a second) is typically on the order of petabytes (1 PB = 10Bytes and roughly speaking, 1 PB is 1000million MB). This data demand is increasing exponentially according to the current trends. Processing on such a scale, brings great challenges to the traditional research and technologies in these fields. Fortunately, for many applications the basic processing technologies are quite mature, and moreover, in many cases incomplete, and imperfect processing results are tolerable and acceptable. In other words, we may need to alter our research philosophy in these fields, changing our design objectives from the accuracy and efficiency to true scalability.

Encountering staff in the home: Three older adults' experience during six months of home-based rehabilitation

Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to explore and describe how older adults who received home-based rehabilitation perceived the staff during a period of 6 months when they received rehabilitation. Specifically, the study focused on how the participants collaborated with and made use of the services from the staff.Method. In this case-oriented study, three older adults were interviewed continuously during the 6-month period they received home-based rehabilitation. The interviews were analysed continuously using a grounded theory approach.Results. Five different modes of perceiving the staff were identified among the participants: as small talk persons, as discussions partners, as instructors and advisors, as teachers and as persons who carry out tasks efficiently. The three conditions that most came to influence the way the participants perceived collaborated with the staff were as follows: ‘experience and encounters with the staff’, ‘expectations for the future daily life’, and ‘the participants’ needs and tasks related to their disability’.Conclusions. To achieve collaboration and user involvement, the staffs have to encounter each client differently in accordance with the various tasks that must be carried out during rehabilitation. Our findings indicate that this is particularly important for older adults during home-based rehabilitation, since older adults often have changing needs because of comorbidity.

Invisibility and the Meaning of Ambient Intelligence

A vision of future daily life is explored in Ambient Intelligence (AmI). It contains the assumption that intelligent technology should disappear into our environment to bring humans an easy and entertaining life. The mental, physical, methodical invisibility of AmI will have an effect on the relation between design and use activities of both users and designers. Especially the ethics discussions of AmI, privacy, identity and security are moved into the foreground. However in the process of using AmI, it will go beyond these themes. The infiltration of AmI will cause the construction of new meanings of privacy, identity and security because the "visible" acting of people will be preceded, accompanied and followed by the invisible and visible acting of the AmI technology and their producers. A question in this paper is: How is it possible to create critical transformative rooms in which doubting will be possible under the circumstances that autonomous 'intelligent agents' surround humans? Are humans in danger to become just objects of artificial intelligent conversations? Probably the relation between mental, physical, methodical invisibility and visibility of AmI could give answers.

?Things aren't the same, are they??: The management of bad news delivery in the discourse of stroke care

Health professionals associated with stroke care tend to emphasize the optimistic possibilities for recovery from stroke and downplay its disabling nature. Therefore, unlike in cancer care, the 'bad news' interview is not a recognized part of stroke care. Nevertheless, at some stages in the trajectory of the illness the issue of disability may have to be discussed and this paper concerns one such occasion. The data are taken from a corpus of video-recorded naturally occurring interactions between stroke patients and health professionals. In the case studied here, an occupational therapist discusses with a patient the arrangements for her care after discharge from hospital. It emerges over the course of the interaction that the patient has to face some unpleasant realities about her future daily life. By conducting a microanalysis of this interaction, using appropriate concepts from conversation analysis and politeness theory, we show how the patient and therapist collaboratively manage the emergent 'bad news' situation and, over the course of the interaction, arrive at the realization that 'things are not the same'.

Spouses of first-ever stroke patients: their view of the future during the first phase after stroke.

A partner's stroke can be perceived as a critical event by a spouse. Previous studies have focused primarily on the impact of stroke on spouses' psychosocial well-being over the long term. However, the experience of spouses in the first phase after stroke is not well known. To investigate spouses' perception of their future daily life after stroke and the association between this perception and the objective characteristics of the stroke. Eighty-three consecutively enrolled spouses of first-ever stroke patients < 75 years admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg, Sweden participated. The mean age of the spouses was 57 years. Sixty-two of the spouses were women and 21 men. Interviews about their experiences 10 days after onset were generally made at the hospital. The interviews were analysed, categorized and combined with statistical analyses of variables such as ages and sex of the spouses, type of lesion and presence of neurological impairments in the stroke patient. Four different categories of the concept 'view of the future' were developed on the basis of the interviews. Of the different characteristics of the stroke, the severity of the sensorimotor impairment seemed to have the greatest impact on the spouses' view of the future. The spouses of stroke patients with pure sensorimotor impairment were more likely to have an optimistic view of the future than when the sensorimotor impairment was combined with cognitive deficits. There was a broad distribution of the different characteristics of stroke between the four categories. Although the perception of future daily life varied, it was possible to categorize the spouses' cognitive image of future life according to degree of optimism. While the severity of stroke was of importance, the individual perception of the disease, impact on future activities and the spouses' own coping capacity was of great significance for the perception of future daily life.

Summer camps for diabetic children in Beijing of China.

The first summer camp for diabetic children was held in 1984 in Beijing. Since then we have held summer camp every year, the last summer camp was the fifth camp in 1988. The purpose of summer camps for diabetic children are to train the patients and increase the skills of diabetics self-control practice. The recreation activities are also important for their good communication and psychological adaptation. The campers of camps were 28-35 diabetic children, totally 154 participants consisting of 73 boys and 81 girls. Most of the children were 10-14 years old. The staffs include pediatricians, nurses and others. The ratio of campers with staffs were 2.7-3.2. The session of the camps were always of five days length. The characters of activities in camps were all the arrangements must be for diabetic children, included planning diet, insuring the urine sugar exam, insulin injection before each meal, and give some lectures for training the managed skills of diabetes, meanwhile the recreation programs and exercise were also a consisting portion of activations. The summer camps were beneficial for diabetic children. They learned many useful techniques of diabetes and their capacity of life adaptation were increased, and the self-confidence enhanced their future daily life.

The impact of new information technologies on school development in a primary school

This paper presents a Norwegian computer project at the primary school level. The point of view is pedagogical and organisational, i.e. highlighting the impact of New Information Technology (NIT) on the school development. Introduction of NIT promotes changes of the organisation, rôles, learning environment, methods and content. It is obvious that some of the changes are impacts of NIT, but others may have developed for other reasons. At this point, no clear answers are given. The conclusions are that the observations reported are the beginnig of real, deeper changes that can be expected in the future. Limitations slowing down the development are to some extent lack of computer-power, but mainly lack of knowledge and insight among teachers and school-leaders. The computer and its applications must become a part of daily classroom life in all subjects, an integrated part of the acquired knowledge for future daily life: a tool and a way of working.