Future Child Research Articles

교육대학원에 재학 중인 유아교사들의 ｢세계시민교육｣ 수업 수강 경험과 인식 탐색

Objectives This study is about how the recognition of early childhood teachers enrolled in the graduate schools of education has changed throughout global citizenship education(GCE) classes and to explore GCE experience in teacher community activities. Methods For this study, ‘A seminar to empowerment early childhood educations’ Global Citizenship Education’ had opened for 15 weeks in the first semester of 2022. This seminar was targeting 24 early childhood teachers who are studying S University graduate school of education, which is in the metropolitan area. All the data had been collected and analyzed by individual student reviews of a group interview, a field trip, a special lecture, and an open questionnaire made by previous students. Results The global citizenship education(GCE) class experience is divided into ‘Start to change from me first’, ‘Recognition of togetherness’, and ‘Reciting diversity and putting oneself in someone else’s shoes. The meaning of GCE has been defined in three sections through this study: essential training for growth and mutual responsibility; basic education, which needs to be taught since infancy; and education for making a better world. Conclusions The global citizenship education targeting early childhood teachers had the meaningful output of improving understanding of GCE and encouraging a global citizen mindset. Therefore, graduate school of education and higher education institutions need to organize a lecture to reinforce global citizenship education for current and future children’s educators. Additionally, there is a need for a support plan from various perspectives so that children’s educators can keep practicing GCE in the education field, such as training teachers and running a teacher community for GCE.

Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women's Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has globally disrupted immunisation practices, impacting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women (PW), who harbour concerns about future children's immunisations. This study aimed to assess the pandemic's impact on PW's attitudes towards childhood vaccinations. During three consecutive flu seasons from October 2019 to January 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a large Italian teaching hospital using a questionnaire. The chi-square test was performed to compare each season. Across the 2019-2020 to 2021-2022 seasons, course attendance by PW surged from 105 to 340. Significant shifts in vaccination intentions were noted, including a 7.5% decrease in measles vaccination intent (p = 0.02) and a 10% decrease in that of pertussis (p = 0.004) from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021. While perceived contagion risk decreased, disease severity perceptions increased, with few significant differences. A statistically significant reduction was noted in the proportion of participants suspecting economic motives behind NHS workers' promotion of childhood vaccinations. Furthermore, the pandemic period saw an increase in the perceived utility of non-institutional websites and the advice of physicians outside the NHS. These findings will help develop evidence-based, tailored interventions and communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and ensure optimal vaccination coverage among children born during and after the pandemic.

The Experience of Parents When they Find Out that their Child has Autism: A Phenomenological Study

Background: Mothers, as vital and important individuals in their children's lives, experience various struggles, emotions, and experiences in relation to their child's autism diagnosis. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of mothers' experiences in dealing with the diagnosis of autism in their child using a phenomenological approach. Methods: In this study, a qualitative phenomenological approach was used, and purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. The participants were selected from mothers who sought their children's participation in rehabilitation classes at the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center in Hamedan, Iran. Unstructured interviews were conducted as the method of data collection. The descriptive method of Colaizzi was utilized for analyzing the obtained data. Results: Twelve participants took part in this study. The average age of the participants was 35.16 years. The analysis of mothers' lived experiences in dealing with their child's autism diagnosis using a descriptive phenomenological approach revealed four main themes: fear of the child's future, worry about social harassment, emergence of emotional shock, and fear of trouble. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that concern for the child's future, worry about social harm, experiencing emotional shock, and fear of being trapped were the major challenges faced by mothers upon learning about their child's positive autism diagnosis. Therefore, professionals, policymakers, and regulatory organizations should pay attention to the issues raised in parents' experiences in order to provide appropriate healthcare services for children with autism and their families.

Against age limits for men in reproductive care.

Almost all countries and fertility clinics impose age limits on women who want to become pregnant through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Age limits for aspiring fathers, however, are much less common and remain a topic of debate. This article departs from the principle of reproductive autonomy and a conditional positive right to receive ART, and asks whether there are convincing arguments to also impose age limits on aspiring fathers. After considering three consequentialist approaches to justifying age limits for aspiring fathers, we take in a concrete normative stance by concluding that those are not strong enough to justify such cut-offs. We reinforce our position by drawing a comparison between the case of a 39-year-old woman who wants to become a single mother via a sperm donor on the one hand, and on the other hand the same woman who wants to have a child with a 64-year-old man who she loves and who is willing to care for the child as long as he is able to. We conclude that, as long as appropriate precautions are taken to protect the welfare of the future child, couples who want to receive fertility treatment should never be limited on the basis of the age of the (male) partner. An absence of age limits for men would respect the reproductive autonomy of both the man and the woman.

Analisis Asumsi Hubungan Mengalami Kemajuan dalam Pola Komunikasi Keluarga pada Drama Korea The Good Bad Mother 2023

Drama is a form of social reality and elevates the reality of society. The drama tells about the family. The family is the first place for children to communicate. Parents play an important role in educating and determining the child's future. In family communication, children get different communication patterns, namely: authoritarian, democratic, and permissive. This phenomenon is found in the Korean drama The Good Bad Mother 2023. The drama is a family drama that tells the story of a mother educating her son hard to succeed in becoming a prosecutor. The child succeeds in becoming a prosecutor and has an accident that paralyzes his entire body and only remembers at the age of seven. Their relationship restarts from non-intimate to intimate. This research is a qualitative research with content analysis method. Data collection techniques with observation and documentation of episodes three and four. The findings in this study show that Young Soon uses authoritarian communication patterns in episode three and their relationship progresses from intimate to intimate.

The Perspectives of Parents of Children with Disabilities Towards Pursuing Their Primary Education in Mbinga District, Tanzania

This study examines the perspectives of parents of children with disabilities regarding the pursuit of primary education in Mbinga District, Tanzania. The research explores how parents' attitudes, experiences, and challenges influence their decisions and support for their children's education. Guided by the Social Learning Theory, proposed by Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977, which posits that learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling, this study analyzes parental perspectives shaped by social, emotional, and motivational factors’ convergent research design under a mixed research approach was utilized, employing both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select respondents. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions with parents of children with disabilities. The study found that parents generally value education and recognize its importance for their children's future. However, they face significant barriers such as social stigma, inadequate infrastructure, lack of specialized resources, and financial constraints, which hinder their children's full participation in primary education. The study concluded that comprehensive strategies are needed to address these challenges. Increased community awareness, improved resource allocation, and supportive policy frameworks are crucial for enhancing the educational experiences of children with disabilities in Mbinga District. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and local government authorities organize capacity-building programs for parents, teachers, and school administrators to foster an inclusive educational environment. These measures will help ensure equal educational opportunities for all children, regardless of their disabilities.

Children's speech, language and communication skills and parental knowledge in the growing up in New Zealand cohort.

There is a substantial discrepancy between international and local prevalence rates for speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) amongst children in New Zealand. Reports of communication impairment are likely to be underestimates. Prevalence data can describe population characteristics and inform the scope and nature of services to adequately meet demand. Parents and other caregivers are central to the early identification of children with communication needs but they may not recognise their child's needs or act on their concerns. Cross-sectional data were available for the Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) longitudinal study cohort at 24, 54 and 72 months of age, with 76% of whānau (families; n = 5241) completing three data waves. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to address: (1) What are the communication abilities of children in the first 5 years of life? (2) What do New Zealand parents understand of their children's communication? (3) Do New Zealand parents have concerns? (4) What are the trajectories of parental concern for children's communication in the first 6 years of life? At 24 months old, 16% of children had communication skills that were of concern to their parents. At 54 months, there were concerns for 12.6% of children. Although most parents were able to describe their child's expressive abilities, many parents remained unconcerned when their child demonstrated communication skills that did not met developmental expectations. Parents can offer valuable insights about their children, but in many cases their level of concern about SLCN did not align with a professional view which reflects a more nuanced understanding of children's speech and language and the impact on future communication skills and needs. Increased awareness through public health messaging specifically regarding lifelong influences of communication challenges will aid in prevention, early detection and intervention. What is already known on this subject Parent's expectations of child speech and language development will inform how responsive they are to difficulties in their child. Appropriate parental concern is key to recognition of children with speech, language and communication needs that warrant referral to a professional. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Parents are aware of expressive language skills that children acquire and can accurately identify their children's skills but have less knowledge of the ages of acquisition. Some parents are not concerned, do not seek support despite recognisable difficulties, and demonstrate limited understanding of the future consequences for children with communication needs that are unmet. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Public health messaging should include both skills and age ranges for speech and language acquisition. Additionally, educating the public of the impact of speech, language and communication skills on children's futures is needed.

Reorientasi Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika

This study aims to review the legal aspects or legal reorientation towards children who are determined as perpetrators of narcotics crimes in Indonesia. This research is very important to be carried out conceptually to be able to provide measurable firm sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Narcotics and the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This research is a normative juridical research using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of the study found that re-orientation of the legal aspects of children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes is very important to do because there is ambiguity related to the process of punishing children as drug offenders. First, the use of the Law on Narcotics as a basic object is still borne by the perpetrator in accordance with the stipulated articles, evidence that results in criminal sanctions according to the provisions. Second, for minors, the defense is still carried out in accordance with the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, where there is a reduction in sanctions that take into account the mental and physical condition of the child. When the verdict has been determined, the offender must be placed in a special correctional institution for children and given the right to medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation because they consider the child's future. Third, the rehabilitation aspect can be prioritized as is the case when children are only designated as victims, or there is no evidence against them as the main perpetrators of Narcotics.

Liquid homeownership: Navigating future horizons to turn homeownership into assets in Bucharest, Romania

AbstractThis article examines the financialization and assetization of housing in an Eastern European context by focusing on the specific temporally bounded financial strategies to maintain housing as an asset and vehicle for social reproduction. It proposes the concept of liquid homeownership to account for the varied associations of housing with liquidity and the expectations of future increased exchange value that play an essential role in shaping financial decisions in the present. Drawing on ethnographic research in Bucharest, the article argues that upper‐middle‐class mortgage borrowers strategize their leveraged housing investment by navigating between two future horizons. To ensure that housing is an asset in the long term, mortgage borrowers prefer to evacuate the long‐term of the mortgage contract through medium‐term financial strategies of early repayment. Given the importance attributed to future liquidity from homeownership for providing for old age or securing children's future, the article argues that liquid homeownership, at least for ordinary homebuyers, is a reflection less of short‐term financial interest and more of a long‐term social reproduction need, pointing to the complex intermix of financial calculations and domestic concerns in the context of financialization of housing.

Genetic subjectivities of prospective fathers: men’s attitudes toward epigenetics

This study investigates prospective fathers’ reaction to epigenetics and its implications for heredity. Mounting scientific evidence that epigenetic changes transmit through fathers, not just mothers, makes it important to learn how men regard their inheritance conceptually and its relevance for their behavior. This study features in-depth interviews with 31 prospective fathers in Canada. About one-third of respondents had heard of epigenetics, but only one had substantial knowledge. After a non-technical explanation, virtually all found epigenetics plausible, though to varying degrees and with varying mental models of how epigenetic inheritance would work. Nearly all expressed a strong desire to follow whatever behaviors would improve the health of their future children, even lifestyle changes, thus re-aligning responsible fatherhood with new scientific findings. This demonstrates the new concept of genetic subjectivity: socially conditioned attitudes and normative agency based on genetic science. Implications for the ontology of gendered inheritance and social relations are discussed.

Receipt of RhD-positive whole blood for life-threatening bleeding in female children: A survey in alloimmunized mothers regarding minimum acceptable survival benefit relative to risk of maternal alloimmunization to anti-D.

Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for treatment of hemorrhagic shock sometimes necessitates transfusion of RhD-positive units due to short supply of RhD-negative LTOWB. Practitioners must choose between using RhD-positive LTOWB when RhD-negative is unavailable against the risk to a female of childbearing potential of becoming RhD-alloimmunized, risking hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in future children, or using component therapy with RhD-negative red cells. This survey asked females with a history of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization about their risk tolerance of RhD alloimmunization compared to the potential for improved survival following transfusion of RhD-positive blood for an injured RhD negative female child. A survey was administered to RBC alloimmunized mothers. Respondents were eligible if they were living in the United States with at least one red cell antibody known to cause HDFN and if they had at least one RBC alloimmunized pregnancy. Responses from 107 RBC alloimmmunized females were analyzed. There were 32/107 (30%) with a history of severe HDFN; 12/107 (11%) had a history of fetal or neonatal loss due to HDFN. The median (interquartile range) absolute improvement in survival at which the respondents would accept RhD-positive transfusions for a female child was 4% (1%-14%). This was not different between females with and without a history of severe or fatal HDFN (p = .08 and 0.38, respectively). Alloimmunized mothers would accept the risk of D-alloimmunization in a RhD-negative female child for improved survival in cases of life-threatening bleeding.

The Placental Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Molecular Perspective.

During pregnancy, women undergo several metabolic changes to guarantee an adequate supply of glucose to the foetus. These metabolic modifications develop what is known as physiological insulin resistance. When this process is altered, however, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs. GDM is a multifactorial disease, and genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in its aetiopathogenesis. GDM has been linked to both macroscopic and molecular alterations in placental tissues that affect placental physiology. This review summarizes the role of the placenta in the development of GDM from a molecular perspective, including hormonal and pro-inflammatory changes. Inflammation and hormonal imbalance, the characteristics dominating the GDM microenvironment, are responsible for placental changes in size and vascularity, leading to dysregulation in maternal and foetal circulations and to complications in the newborn. In conclusion, since the hormonal mechanisms operating in GDM have not been fully elucidated, more research should be done to improve the quality of life of patients with GDM and their future children.

A genetically informed longitudinal study of early-life temperament and childhood aggression.

The present study examined the longitudinal associations between three dimensions of temperament - activity, affect-extraversion, and task orientation - and childhood aggression. Using 131 monozygotic and 173 dizygotic (86 same-sex) twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study, we elucidated the ages, from 6 to 36 months, at which each temperament dimension began to correlate with aggression at age 7. We employed latent growth modeling to show that developmental increases (i.e., slopes) in activity were positively associated with aggression, whereas increases in affect-extraversion and task orientation were negatively associated with aggression. Genetically informed models revealed that correlations between temperament and aggression were primarily explained by common genetic variance, with nonshared environmental variance accounting for a small proportion of each correlation by 36 months. Genetic variance explained the correlations of the slopes of activity and task orientation with aggression. Nonshared environmental variance accounted for almost half of the correlation between the slopes of affect-extraversion and aggression. Exploratory analyses revealed quantitative sex differences in each temperament-aggression association. By establishing which dimensions of temperament correlate with aggression, as well as when and how they do so, our work informs the development of future child and family interventions for children at highest risk of aggression.

Distinguishing profiles of adversity among child protection investigations in Ontario, Canada: A latent class analysis

BackgroundChild welfare-involved families have diverse and multi-faceted needs. Families who experience poverty and are investigated by the child protection system may represent a particularly vulnerable group. ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the unique profiles of need that exist for families who experience poverty and are investigated by the Ontario child protection system. Participants and settingData from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2018 (OIS-2018) was used. The OIS-2018 is a cross-sectional study which collected information on investigations conducted in Ontario, Canada in 2018. MethodsA latent class analysis was conducted to identify and describe distinct classes of adversity among a representative sample of child protection investigations. Indicators of child, caregiver and economic adversity were used. ResultsThis study found evidence for eight distinct classes of adversity. With the exception of a low adversity class which emerged, the identified classes were characterized by distinct profiles of cooccurring adversities and there were several classes where indicators of poverty were probable. Investigation dispositions varied greatly by class. ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of ensuring an optimal fit between the distinct needs of investigated families and the child welfare interventions provided. Services and supports that are tailored to the specific constellations of cooccurring adversities that families face may be more effective in reducing the need for future child welfare involvement and/or more intrusive child protection responses. It is likely that investigated families who experience poverty would benefit from a range of economic and concrete supports.

Lessons in Developing a Behavioral Coding Protocol to Analyze In-the-Wild Child–Robot Interaction Events and Experiments

Behavioral analyses of in-the-wild HRI studies generally rely on interviews or visual information from videos. This can be very limiting in settings where video recordings are not allowed or limited. We designed and tested a vocalization-based protocol to analyze in-the-wild child–robot interactions based upon a behavioral coding scheme utilized in wildlife biology, specifically in studies of wild dolphin populations. The audio of a video or audio recording is converted into a transcript, which is then analyzed using a behavioral coding protocol consisting of 5–6 categories (one indicating non-robot-related behavior, and 4–5 categories of robot-related behavior). Refining the code categories and training coders resulted in increased agreement between coders, but only to a level of moderate reliability, leading to our recommendation that it be used with three coders to assess where there is majority consensus, and thereby correct for subjectivity. We discuss lessons learned in the design and implementation of this protocol and the potential for future child–robot experiments analyzed through vocalization behavior. We also perform a few observational behavior analyses from vocalizations alone to demonstrate the potential of this field.

Heritable human genome editing: correction, selection and treatment.

Heritable human genome editing (HHGE) to correct a nuclear gene sequence that would result in a serious genetic condition in a future child is presented as 'treatment' in various ethics and policy materials, and as morally preferable to the 'selection' practice of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), which is subject to the disability critique. However, whether HHGE is 'treatment' for a future child, or another form of 'selection', or whether HHGE instead 'treats' prospective parents, are now central questions in the debate regarding its possible legalisation. This article argues that the idea of 'treatment' for a future child is largely a proxy for 'seriousness of purpose', intended to distinguish HHGE to avoid serious genetic conditions from less obviously justifiable uses; that HHGE is best understood, and morally justified, as a form of 'treatment' for prospective parents who strongly desire an unaffected genetically related child and who have no, or poor, options to achieve this; that HHGE would be morally permissible if consistent with that child's welfare; that legalisation is supportable with reference to the right to respect for private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights; and that HHGE is morally distinguishable from PGT.

An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Newborn Care among Postnatal Mothers in the Selected Hospitals of Valsad District Gujarat with a View to Develop an Information Pamphlet

Our most valuable and future resources are our children. The family's nurturing practices have an impact on the future children's health. The term "Newborn care" describes the necessary attention given to a newborn by their mother or other caregiver, including nursing, regulating body temperature, breastfeeding, tending to the cord, cleaning the baby's eyes, and preventing infections and accidents.

ESTRO-SIOPE guideline: Clinical management of radiotherapy in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs)

Background and purposeTreatment of patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid (AT/RT) is challenging, especially when very young (below the age of three years). Radiotherapy (RT) is part of a complex trimodality therapy. The purpose of this guideline is to provide appropriate recommendations for RT in the clinical management of patients not enrolled in clinical trials. Materials and methodsNine European experts were nominated to form a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) guideline committee. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science. They discussed and analyzed the evidence concerning the role of RT in the clinical management of AT/RT. ResultsRecommendations on diagnostic imaging, therapeutic principles, RT considerations regarding timing, dose, techniques, target volume definitions, dose constraints of radiation-sensitive organs at risk, concomitant chemotherapy, and follow-up were considered. Treating children with AT/RT within the framework of prospective trials or prospective registries is of utmost importance. ConclusionThe present guideline summarizes the evidence and clinical-based recommendations for RT in patients with AT/RT. Prospective clinical trials and international, large registries evaluating modern treatment approaches will contribute to a better understanding of the best treatment for these children in future.

Parents' experiences of living with a child with cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a qualitative content analysis study.

Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) profoundly impacts the physical, psychological, and social aspects of parents' lives. Thus, this study aimed to explore the experiences of parents living with a child with cancer who undergoes HSCT. This qualitative study involved 20 parents of children with cancer who were undergoing HSCT at a referral hospital in Iran. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants from February 2023 to November 2023. In-depth semi-structured interviews, featuring open-ended questions, were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. Data analysis revealed two main themes. "Surrounded by hardships" and "Self-actualization." The first theme encompassed participants' experiences of facing difficulties in life after being aware of their child's need for HSCT. This theme consisted of four categories: "uncertainty about the child's future," "exhaustion from the child's treatment process," "worrying about the healthy child(ren)," and "helplessness." The second theme "self-actualization" included with two categories: "transformation in life's philosophy" and "acquisition of new capabilities." These categories highlighted the positive outcomes experienced by the participants following their child's HSCT. Our findings underscore the importance of healthcare providers being attuned to parents' experiences throughout their child's HSCT trajectory. It is crucial for healthcare providers to encourage parents to articulate their concerns and feelings and seek support from healthcare providers, family, and friends. The development of psychological support services in healthcare settings can facilitate tailored interventions to alleviate parents' difficulties.

Understanding Zakat as a Form of Women's Empowerment Through the Role of Fatayat NU in Jember Regency

Understanding zakat in Islam is very important for everyone, especiallywomen. Where women have a vital role in the family, both as companionsto their husbands and also as educators for their future children. Literacyand a good understanding of zakat is one factormuzakkiin making thedecision to pay zakat, whether zakat fitrah or zakat maal. Apart from that,understanding zakat is also a symbol of empowerment because zakat is adistribution of assets that can create prosperity and overcome poverty.Determining the location in this research uses techniquespurposive areanamely at the NU Fatayat Organization at the Jember Regency BranchLevel. The technique for determining informants in this research usestechniquespurposive sampling, then techniques for obtaining data frominformants use techniquessnowball sampling. Data collection techniqueswere carried out using observation, interviews and documentationtechniques. Data validity checking techniques use extended participation,increased persistence, and triangulation. Data analysis was carried out byprior analysis in the field and analysis in the field. The research resultsillustrate that Fatayat women have understood the concept of zakat ingeneral from their own perspective in terms of aspectsmuzakki,mustahiqand institutional aspects. However, it is still felt that theunderstanding of zakat maal needs to be further disseminated to thecommunity. The Fatayat NU organization plays a role in providing access,awareness and participation regarding zakat to women. With theexistence of economic, social and da'wah structures, there is greatpotential if education and understanding of zakat is used as anempowerment program. So that in the end it can create a zakat literatesociety.