Future Aspect Research Articles

Development of wind energy in India

Wind energy has been the fastest growing renewable energy sector in India. Energy is vital for the country’s economic growth and improving the life standard of its citizen. India has spent lots of resources on increasing its energy capacity since independence. As a result, country’s generation capacity has increased considerably. Nevertheless, meeting growing energy needs through conventional sources such as coal, gas, etc. creates environmental problems. Hence, the government embarked on exploring new and clean energy sources. Development and promotion of these new and renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and biomass has gotten considerable attention in India, although coal and natural gas are major sources of electricity. The use of various sustainable, renewable energy technologies has been rising, as it develops rapidly and can be scaled up easily. Wind energy is a clean and eco-friendly energy source and increasingly accepted as a major complementary energy source for securing a sustainable and clean energy future in India. The Indian government has aimed to fully utilize the abundant resources of this energy, which India has. The official assessment shows this country has potential to generate over 100,000 MW of wind energy. Till May 2014, generation capacity of 21,268.3 MW has been created through wind, which places India in the fifth place globally. This paper provides a detailed description of Indian wind energy industry and discuss several developments which accelerated its growth. The paper presents current status, major achievements and future aspect of wind energy in India.

Current Status of 3D Printing Material and its Future Aspect

Current Status of 3D Printing Material and its Future Aspect

Domain Wise Distribution of Mutations in Dystrophin Protein and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the most common inherited X-linked recessive muscular dystrophy, affects 20000 new borns per year globally. Since its discovery in 1860, extensive research works have been carried out to understand the complex architecture of the disease formation. Reason behind the onset of the disease has been mapped back to the set of mutations of different types in dystrophin gene (DMD, 2.4 million bp), the largest gene in the body. Dystrophin (Dp), the cytosolic protein acts as the root of the complex which was primarily thought to link extracellular matrix with cellular actin cytoskeleton but later on has been associated with the stability of the cells, signal transduction as well as in proper development. In this review, we gathered the details of all the mutations occurring in DMD gene and observed that majority of the mutations are present in the N terminal Actin Binding Domain. Some of the mutations were found to be present in the Cysteine Rich Domain of the protein, reflecting the point that these two domains are the most mutation prone regions contributing to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) onset. This review therefore gives an integrative view describing the involvements of Dp in regulating the complexity of DMD disease with a future aspect to study the structural details of DMD genes along with its genetic variations.

증강현실 콘텐츠의 산업화 : 21세기 영화와 증강현실 예술을 중심으로

본 논문은 증강현실 기술을 사용한 21C 영화들의 영화적 상상과 증강현실 예술의 예술적 상상을 중심으로 증강현실 콘텐츠 산업화의 미래에 관하여 연구하였다. 영화에서는 영화적 상상을 통해 미래의 기술을 보여주는 동시에 미래상을 제시하는 역할을 하고, 증강현실 예술은 기술적으로 구현할 수 있는 현재의 기술을 통해 미래 예술과 사회의 거시적인 문화를 포착하는 역할을 하고 있다. 조사된 영화들을 증강현실 기술별로 분류한 결과, 제스처 인식은 투명 디스플레이어 관련 기술과 연계하여 발전하고, 홀로그램 기술은 개별화된 커뮤니케이션 방식으로 변화되며, 생체인식은 다중 생체인식으로의 발전 가능성이 있고, 웨어러블 컴퓨터는 물리적인 신체증강 측면으로도 발전하여 산업화될 것으로 전망된다. 증강현실 예술에서 아바타의 다양한 활용은 홀로그램과 관련이 있고, 인체의 생체 현상의 활용은 생체인식으로 연계되며, 현실세계와 가상세계의 혼합은 제스처 인식을 통해 디스플레이어를 활용하고, HMD의 새로운 시도는 웨어러블 컴퓨터의 다변화와 함께 산업화될 것으로 보인다. 영화와 예술에서 상상과 구현을 통해 나타난 증강현실 콘텐츠는 인간 생활의 조력자 역할을 담당하고, 동시에 인간과 환경 간에 매개 없이 융화되는 방식으로 산업화되는 미래상을 제시한다. The aim of this article is to consider the future of industrialization of Augmented Reality contents focusing on cinematic imagination of films that used Augmented Reality techniques and artistic imagination of Augmented Reality Arts in the 21st century. The film showing future technology through cinematic imagination plays an role in the presentation of future vision important. Augmented Reality Arts show the big picture of future arts, future aspect of society, and future culture by using technically possible present technology. I classified the researched films according to Augmented Reality technique. It is expected that Gesture Recognition will develop with transparent display device techniques, Hologram techniques will be changed into individualized communication styles, Biometrics will be able to evolve into multi-Biometrics, and Wearable Computer will develop in the aspect of physical body augmentation and then industrialize. In Augmented Reality Arts, it seems that the various utilization of avatar will be related to Hologram, the utilization of the physiological phenomenon of the human body will be related to Biometrics, the mixture of reality and virtual reality will utilize display devices through Gesture Recognition, and a new experiment of HMD(Head-Mounted Display) will industrialize with the diversification of Wearable Computer. Augmented Reality contents created through the imagination and representation in the films and arts take a role in helping human life, and, at the same time, show the future image industrialized in the way of combination between human and environment without a medium.

A Technology Forecasting Method using Text Mining and Visual Apriori Algorithm

Technology forecasting (TF) is the prediction of the future aspect of a te chnology. TF is therefore an important tool for planning an R&D policy efficiently, and thus most firms and governme nts consider it to be essential to their technological competitiveness. Since developing technology is usually patented, the effi cient analysis of data presented in patent documents is an obvious approach to TF. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing patent data, using a combination of text mining and the Apriori algorithm. To verify that our method yields an improved performance, we performed an experiment using patent documents concerning database technology retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Analysis of Factors Present in Financial Reporting Standards Leading to Manipulate True & Fair View of an Entity's Financial Statements

Users of financial statements range from small investor to government all have diffident interest in the financial position and performance of the entity. Government uses the financial statement of the companies to estimate the tax liability on the profits. Authorities also need these statements to ensure the compliance with certain laws and regulations. Financial institutions like bank and others in financial markets demand from companies financial statements to assess the liquidity and value of the companies to extend credits facilities. Investors need to assess the past and future growth aspect and earning of the company to decide whether or not they should invest in the entity. Users of financial statements use the financial information presented by the management of the company. This information may be biased to achieve certain objective by the management like a constant profits history or earning history to attract new investment for future prospect of the entity or to obtain new credit facility from a financial institution. Users require such financial information which reflects a true picture of the financial position and performance of the entity to make their economic decision.The understanding of how financial statements are prepared and what information it depicts are important for a user of financial statement. The Framework for preparation and presentation of financial statement describes the fundamental assumptions and underlie characteristics of financial statement that should be present to ensure that these statements present the financial position and performance of the entity fairly. The concept of true & fair view is associated with application of Financial Reporting Standards and use of conceptual framework while preparing the financial statements. Under different circumstances either caused by the environment external or management objectives internal, financial information has been manipulated with the help of Financial Reporting Standards. It has been done to have such financial statements which were in accordance with the objective of management and to obtain such results which were desired. The basic principal of preparation and presentation of financial statements, to give users of the financial statements such financial information which helps them in making effective and efficient economic decisions, has been compromised. The objective of this study was to analyze such factors present in Financial Reporting Standards that causes deviation from true & fair view concept.

A cisplatin plus pirarubicin-based JPLT2 chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma: experience and future of the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor (JPLT)

The Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor (JPLT) has conducted cooperative treatment studies on hepatoblastoma (HBL) since 1991. The JPLT2 protocol was launched in 1999 to evaluate the efficacy of cisplatin/pirarubicin (CITA) under risk stratification. European and North American groups showed the improvement of HBL patients by pre- and postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, we evaluated the results of JPLT study and considered the future aspect of JPLT. A total of 389 children with malignant hepatic tumors were enrolled in JPLT-2 until 2010. Data from 331 HBL cases were analyzed. Of the 331 patients enrolled, their 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 83.3 and 68.0%, respectively. While outcomes of standard-risk cases (tumors involving 3 or fewer sectors of the liver) were excellent, those of high-risk cases (tumors involving 4 sectors of the liver or with distant metastases) remained poor. For 26 high-risk or relapse/refractory HBL cases, high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with stem cell transplantation (SCT) was carried out. Among them, 6 of 12 relapse or refractory cases died. Compared with other regimens, the CITA regimen achieved similar or superior rates of survival among children with standard-risk HBL, while HDC with SCT was not effective in patients with high-risk HBL. Presently, a global Children's Hepatic Tumor International Consortium (CHIC) project is ongoing, with a focus on international cooperation and risk stratification in the field of rare liver cancers in children. More promising strategies, including liver transplantation and new targeting drugs under global risk stratification, are being proposed.

Redefining the Economic Power of Nations

The paper challenges the current common rankings of economies when measured over the GDP, and introduces a set of new Indices based on the factors GDP, Gini Coefficient and Inflation. This Social factors relativized GDP cuts out that part of the GDP, which is structurally long term frozen up by social transfers. Furthermore, the paper introduces an economic model that implements the future aspect into the GDP over the factors of change in capital expenditures and change in private investments. The first part of the pa-per explains the κ_Index models, the factors that were applied, as well as the reasons for the choice. The second part of the paper shows variations of the κ_Index including a few ideal-typical examples. The final part asks some critical questions and concludes the pa-per. Basic social factors relativized GDP: κ _Index = GDP – GDP x Gini is (1 – GINI) x GDP Inflation indexed Version: κ _Index_Infl. = (1 – Gini – Inflation) x GDP Future aspect of GDP With Private Investment variable: κp = (B + B × ΔP) – (B × G) With Private Investment variable and inflation: κip = (B + B × ΔP) - [(B × G)+(B × In)] Productivity Index: κ_PROD = κ_Index / Labor Force = κ_PROD Inflation indexed Productivity Index: κ_PROD_Infl. = κ_Index_Infl. / Labor Force Debt-to- κ _Index κ _Debt = National debt / κ_Index Debt-to- κ _Index_Inflation κ _Debt_Infl. = National debt / κ_Index_Infl.

Application of Competence Models in Performance Measurement Systems

The article addresses the topic of organizational effectiveness and deals with the use of competence models in performance measurement systems. Performance measurement is a multi-faceted and multipartite phenomenon. It should reflect organizational and individual performance level, different perspectives, reflecting the past, the present and the future. All these aspects and perspectives are in cause-effect relationship and measured in different dimensions. The learning and growth perspective is very unique as it presents the future and using competence models to reflect it can bridge the individual performance level with organizational as well as performance future aspect with present and past.

Looking into the future: Hofstede long term orientation versus GLOBE future orientation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically examine, theoretically and empirically, the two time orientation dimensions – long‐term orientation (LTO) and future orientation (FO) – in the national culture models of Hofstede and GLOBE, respectively.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's past‐present‐future theoretical lens, the Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO measures are analysed to understand the conceptual domain covered by these two dimensions. Next, the authors empirically examine the relationship of Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO with secondary data from Hofstede, GLOBE, and the World Values Survey.FindingsThis paper shows that Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO dimensions capture different aspects of time orientation of societies. In particular, Hofstede LTO focuses on past (tradition) versus future (thrift) aspect of societies, GLOBE FO practices capture the present versus future (planning) practices of societies, and GLOBE FO values reflect societal aspirations and preferences for planning.Research limitations/implicationsA specific implication of these findings is that the three dimensions of time orientation are not interchangeable since they represent different characteristics of societies. A wider implication for researchers is to ensure high level of precision in and congruence among construct labels, definitions and measures to avoid confusion and misapplication of cross‐cultural concepts.Practical implicationsIn an increasingly globalized world, a clear understanding of societal time orientation will help managers deal more effectively with their counterparts in other countries.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this paper is in identifying and clarifying, both theoretically and empirically, the anomalies in the labels, definitions and measurement of Hofstede long‐term orientation and GLOBE future orientation national culture dimensions. It also shows a useful way forward for researchers on how to use these national culture dimensions to explain other phenomena of interest to cross‐cultural scholars.

Haines Index를 이용한 동아시아 지역 산불 확산 위험도 변화와 지표-대기 상호관계와의 연관성 연구

Many studies have related the recent variations of wildfire regime such as the increasing number of occurrances, their patterns and timing changes, and the severity of their extreme cases with global warming. However, there are only a few numbers of wildfire studies to assess how the future wildfire regime will change in the interactions between land and atmosphere with climate change especially over East Asia. This study was performed to estimate the future changing aspect of wildfire danger with global warming, using Haines Index (HI). Calculated from atmospheric instability and dryness, HI is the potential of an existing fire to become a dangerous wildfire. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, two separated 5-year simulations of current (1995~1999) and far future (2095~2099) were performed and analyzed. Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3) model outputs were utilized for the model inputs for the past and future over East Asia; future prediction was driven under the IPCC A1B scenario. The results indicate changes of the wildfire danger regime, showing overall decreasing the wildfire danger in the future but intensified regional deviations between north and south. The overall changes of the wildfire regime seems to stem from atmospheric dryness which is sensitive to soil moisture variation. In some locations, the future wildfire danger overall decreases in summer but increases in winter or fall when the actual fire occurrence are generally peaked especially in South China.

An updated version of Phytomellitus Database

BACKGROUND: Keeping adverse effects ofantidiabetic drugs in mind scientists have nowdiverted towards identification of plant basednovel drugs with more potential and lesser sideeffects which in turn will reduce economic andclinical toll of Diabetes. OBJECTIVE:Upgradation of Phytomellitus databaseincludes introductory details of Diabetesmellitus and its future statistical aspect,alongwith details of Ayurvedic world or itstraditional medicines. It also give option ofHome, Types, Diabetes Dictionary, DiabetesMining, Diabetes Drug, Diabetes Quiz,Diabetes FAQ’s on the top of Home Page andoptions like Copyright, Terms of Use,Contributors, Contact Us in the bottom of thepage. METHODOLOGY: Methodologyremains same as per author’s previousmanuscripts1,2. RESULTS: Up-gradation wasneeded to maintain and incorporate new dataand chemical composition of the plantsincluding their structural views. Older versionof the phytomellitus includes 31% were wholeplants, 26% leaves, 11% seeds, 10% roots, and9% fruits from the collected data1. New versionincludes more than 250 number ofethanobotanical information than the previousone. In upgraded version chemical structures ofthe plants with their IUPAC nomenclatureauthor have incorporated.

特別寄稿 臓器移植後実施された心臓移植と今後の展望 臓器移植法後実施された心臓移植と今後の展望

特別寄稿 臓器移植後実施された心臓移植と今後の展望 臓器移植法後実施された心臓移植と今後の展望

Copolymerization of 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane and Glycidyl Methacrylate, a Well-Defined and Efficient Process for Achieving Functionalized Polyesters for Covalent Binding of Bioactive Molecules

The understanding of cell-material interactions is important for creating personalized implants for tissue engineering. This has resulted in an interest in developing polymers with functional groups with the possibility of controlling the macromolecular surface. We have in a one-pot reaction synthesized a series of amorphous and degradable polyester-based copolymers with active functional groups by copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and glycidyl methacrylate. The properties of the final polymers were varied by varying the feed ratios of the monomers, and it was seen that it was possible to control the amount of active functional groups. The resulting epoxy-functionalized polyester was further modified by covalent immobilization of heparin. The heparinization was done in order, in a future aspect, to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Heparin binds directly with the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 and helps to retain its activity. The molecular structure of the copolymers was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing showed that the monomer feed ratio had a great influence on the properties of the final polymer and that it thus was possible to control the mechanical properties to suit an intended application. The presence of heparin was verified by toluidine blue staining, and all of the films tested showed positive signals for heparin.

Regulatory sciences in Asia: current and future aspect of regulatory sciences in Thailand

Regulatory sciences in Asia: current and future aspect of regulatory sciences in Thailand

Progress in the Seismic Strengthening of RC Frame Connections

Frame connections imminently need to be strengthened for deficient seismic-resistance in early time. The paper presents research results of strengthening connections through concrete jacketing, bonding steel plate, prestressing, wrapped steel and FRP by scholars in home and abroad, contrasts their strengthening effect and gives the future research aspect.

Current Status and Future Aspect of Pediatric Organ Transplantation in Japan after Renewal of Organ Transplantation Law: Great Appreciation to Foreign Donors and Heart Transplant Centers

Children under 15 years of age could not donate their hearts after brain death until the Japanese Organ Transplantation Act was revised on 17th July in 2010, because only persons who had a written consent for organ donation after brain death could donate their organs in Japan. Therefore, small children could not undergo heart transplantation (HTx) in Japan and many Japanese children had been abroad to undergo HTx. After revision of the Act, small children could be able to donate organs if their family accepted and, in fact, two children donated his heart until now. However, no children under 10 years of age donated their organs yet. In this study, the outcomes of pediatric heart transplant candidates were retrospectively reviewed. Patients: 62 Children younger than 18 years old, who was defined as a HTx candidate since the previous Act was issued in 1997, were reviewed. Boys were 35. Age at referral was 6.9 ±5.8 years. Underlying disease was dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in 40, restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in 12, hypertrophic cardiomyopahty in 1 and congenital heart disease in 3. 13 pts was implanted with mechanical circulatory support during waiting for HTx (left ventricular assist support (LVAS) in 12 (Centrifugal pump 2, Dura heart 1, NCVC LVAS 8 and Berlin Heart 1) and exctracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 2). 45 were registered in waiting list (Japan in 22, USA in 19 and Germany in 1: Japan and other country in 3). Results: 6 underwent HTx in Osaka University (adult donor 5, child donor 1). 5 were implanted with LVAS and their waiting period was 917 (182 to 1764) days. 23 underwent oversea HTx (Loma Linda 11 (ECMO 1), Columbia 8, Michigan 1, Toronto 1 (LVAS 1) and Bochum 1 (LVAS 1)). Their waiting period for HTx was 51 (16 to 135) days. 5 died during waiting for HTx in Japan and 13 died during preparing to go abroad. 2 HTx recipients died before returning to Japan (antibody mediated rejection in 1 and MOF in 1). All other 27 HTx recipients (Osaka University 4 and abroad 17) survived for 1 months to 13 years after HTx (a mean 6.1 years). One is working full-time. One married. Twenty four are going to school. Conclusion: Although outcome after HTx was satisfactory, many children died before HTx. Although the Act was revised, no organs were procured from small children yet. We greatly appreciate to foreign donors and HTx centers and really hope to start pediatric HTx from pediatric donors soon.

Applications of Association Rules in Computer Crime Forensics

Association rules can mine the relevant evidence of computer crime from the mass of data and association rules among data items, and further mine crime laws, trends and connections among different crimes. It provides police’s case detection and crime prevention with clues and criterions. This paper firstly analyzes the application of FP-Growth algorithms in computer crime forensics, points out the defect of FP-Growth algorithms that can’t timely find the latest crime and the serious crime, and then puts some improvements of the FP-Growth algorithms and tests it by carrying out experiments. Finally, it points out the future research aspect: extraction and correlation of multidimensional evidence.

Current status and future aspect of evaluation and management of brain dead donor in Japan

Current status and future aspect of evaluation and management of brain dead donor in Japan

A Review on Intelligent Agent Systems

Multi-agent system (MAS) is a common way of exploiting the potential power of agent by combining many agents in one system. Each agent in a multivalent system has incomplete information and is in capable of solving entire problem on its own. Multi-agent system offers modularity. If a problem domain is particularly complex, large and contain uncertainty, then the one way to address, it to develop a number of functional specific and modular agent that are specialized at solving various problems individually. It also consists of heterogeneous agents implemented by different tool and techniques. MAS can be defining as loosely coupled network of problem solvers that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capabilities or knowledge of each problem solver. These problem solvers, often ailed agent are autonomous and can be heterogeneous in nature. MAS is followed by characteristics, Future application, What to be change, problem solving agent, tools and techniques used, various architecture, multi agent applications and finally future Direction and conclusion. Various Characteristics are limited viewpoint, effectively, decentralized; computation is asynchronous, use of genetic algorithms. It has some drawbacks which must be change to make MAS more effective. In the session of problem solving of MAS, the agent performance measure contains many factors to improve it like formulation of problems, task allocation, organizations. In planning of multivalent this paper cover self-interested multivalent interactions, modeling of other agents, managing communication, effective allocation of limited resources to multiple agents with managing resources. Using of tool, to make the agent more efficient in task that are often used. The architecture o MAS followed by three layers, explore, wander, avoid obstacles respectively. Further different and task decomposition can yield various architecture like BDI (Belief Desire Intension), RETSINA. Various applications of multi agent system exist today, to solve the real-life problems, new systems are being developed two distinct categories and also many others like process control, telecommunication, air traffic control, transportation systems, commercial management, electronic commerce, entertainment applications, medical applications. The future aspect of MAS to solve problems that are too large, to allow interconnection and interoperation of multiple existing legacy systems etc.