Futurabond DC Research Articles

Comparative cell viability of dentin-bonding adhesive systems on human dental pulp stem cells: time-dependent analysis

BackgroundRestorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodsThree ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n = 3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients’ extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p < 0.05).ResultsAt 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p > 0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p < 0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p < 0.05).ConclusionAll ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.

Microleakage of class-v composite restorations with three types of bonding Futurabond NR, Solo Bond M, Futurabond DC

Microleakage of class-v composite restorations with three types of bonding Futurabond NR, Solo Bond M, Futurabond DC

Effect of degree of conversion on the surface properties of polymerized resin cements used for luting glass fiber posts

Statement of problemLack of conversion of resin cements for luting glass fiber posts in deeper levels of the root canal may compromise clinical performance. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the degree of conversion on the surface properties of dual-polymerized resin cements used for cemented glass fiber posts according to the root level. Material and methodsFifty maxillary central incisor teeth were endodontically treated, and glass fiber posts were cemented using the following systems: self-adhesive dual-polymerized resin luting cement (RelyX U200) and dual-polymerizing flowable core and a post luting system (Rebilda DC) with a self-etching adhesive (Futurabond DC). The degree of conversion was determined via attenuated total reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface microhardness and cement film thickness were measured. The intraradicular fit was evaluated with microscopy. All tests were performed in the coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canal. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA and the multiple comparison Tukey test (α=.05). ResultsThe degree of conversion was higher in the coronal third using Rebilda DC (65.3 ±4.8%) than RelyX U200 (38.7 ±5.3%) (P<.05); on both resin cements, these values decreased from the coronal to the apical third (30.9 ±3.7%, 61.9 ±8.7%, respectively). The cement film thickness was higher for RelyX U200 in the 3 thirds than for Rebilda DC; significant differences (P<.05) were recorded in both cementing systems in the coronal and apical thirds. In the middle third, no significant differences were observed (P>.05). The mean surface microhardness values increased in the coronal thirds and decreased with increasing root canal depth. The marginal seal in the coronal thirds and the intraradicular fit in the middle thirds showed closer adaptation; however, some tags were observed in the interface resin cement and radicular dentin. Gap and tag formations were observed in the apical third. ConclusionsDepending on the root canal third, the surface properties of dual-polymerized resin cements are influenced by the degree of conversion.

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets with Fifth and Eighth Generation Adhesive Systems

Introduction: Self-etching primers (SEPs) has streamlined orthodontic braces placementprocess by minimizingclinical process, chairside time and has enhanced patient comfort. Materials &amp; Methods: 60 untreated extracted premolars from all quadrants of jaws of males and females, aged between 12-35 years, were included. Defective, restorative and anomalous premolars were excluded. Attachment of brackets on the facial surface, with composite (Transbond XT 3M UNITEK) which then was cured for 20 seconds by a light source, using Transbond XT (fifth generation) and Futurabond DC (eighth generation) as bonding agents was done. Universal testing machine was used to test Shear bond strength (SBS), in COMSATS. Results: Group 1 had 22.87 ± 6.08 years as average age,whilegroup 2 had 20.67 ± 5.20years.34 patients (56.67%) were males and 26 (43.33%) were females. Group 1 (fifth generation) had an average SBS of 16.40 ± 3.47 MPa, and in Group 2 (eight generation), it was 34.9 ± 4.02 MPa. Conclusion: The research concluded, that in brackets average SBSwith generation eight wass superiorto the onesattached with fifth generation adhesive. Keywords: SBS, Self-etching primer, Orthodontic adhesive

Marginal adaptation of thermoviscous bulk-fill composite in class II cavities

ObjectiveTo evaluate the marginal adaptation of thermoviscous bulk-fill, preheated, and conventional nanohybrid composite resins in class II cavities.Patients and methodsThirty extracted human sound molars were selected in this in vitro study. Simple class II cavities were prepared using carbide bur. The overall dimensions and depth of cavities were standardized as follows: 4 mm length occlusocervically, 4 mm width buccolingually, and 2 mm depth axially. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each). Futurabond DC (one-step self-etch adhesive) was applied in all groups. Group 1: cavities were restored with VisCalor bulk composite, group 2: cavities were restored with Grandio composite, group 3: cavities were restored with preheated Grandio composite. The specimens of each group were thermocycled in a thermocycling apparatus by alternating immersion in a water bath at 5 and 55°C with a dwell time of 2 min for 600 thermal cycles. Impressions of the teeth were made and then poured with epoxy resin and replicas were examined under scanning electron microscopy to examine marginal gaps. All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.ResultThe highest percentage of marginal gap length was recorded for group 2, recording 22.93%, while there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 3, recording 13.44 and 13.83%, respectively. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the tested groups at a level of significance (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe marginal gaps decreased when VisCalor bulk and Grandio composite resins were applied after preheating so preheating composite resins considerably improves marginal adaptation.

Tratamento restaurador em paciente com Síndrome de Williams: relato de caso

ABSTRACT In Dentistry, any user with one or more limitations, of temporary or permanent mental nature, of physical, sensory, emotional or medical growth, is considered to be a Patient with Special Needs, preventing him from being subjected to a conventional dental situation. These patients form a group which may be considered at high risk for the development of oral diseases, according to the kind of pathogen. Among them, is the Williams-Beuren Syndrome, a rare congenital disease with cardiovascular involvement, mental retardation, dysmorphic face, idiopathic hypercalcemia, musculoskeletal problems, dental and growth anomalies. Familial and sporadic cases are thought to result from deletion of genetic material from adjacent genes located on the long arm of chromosome 7. This article reports a clinical case involving a four-year-old boy with Williams-Beuren Syndrome, referred to the clinic of the Specialization Course for Patients with Special Needs, at the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas (SP). As the patient was resistant to dental care, in order to reduce anxiety and increase collaboration in clinical sessions, the Hixizine® medication was administered. For atraumatic restorative treatment and restorations, the following materials were used: Cleanjoy®, Futurabond DC®, Ionofil Plus® Grandioso®, Grandio® and Profluorid®. As result, it was possible to reach a level of excellence using the indicated materials and specific protocols. Based on this work and the lived experience, it can be observed that these patients can receive welcoming dental care in specialized clinics.

Universal Adhesives and Adhesion Modes in Non-Carious Cervical Restorations: 2-Year Randomised Clinical Trial.

This prospective, double-blind, six-arm parallel randomised controlled trial aimed to compare the performance of two universal adhesives (UAs) in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), using the FDI criteria, and analysed if participants/NCCLs’ characteristics influenced the outcome. Thirty-eight 18- to 65-year-old participants were seeking routine dental care at a university clinic. At baseline, 210 NCCLs were randomly allocated to six groups (35 restorations’ each). The UAs tested were FuturabondU (FBU) and AdheseUniversal (ADU) applied in either etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) modes. FuturabondDC (FBDC) in SE and in SE with selective enamel etching (SE-EE) modes were controls. NCCLs were restored with AdmiraFusion. The analysis included nonparametric tests, Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests (α = 0.05). At 2-years, of 191 restorations, ten were missed due to retention loss (all groups, p > 0.05). FBDC (p = 0.037) and FBU (p = 0.041) performed worse than ADU in SE mode. FBDC and FBU also showed worse functional success rate (p = 0.012, p = 0.007, respectively) and cumulative retention rates (p = 0.022, p = 0.012, respectively) than ADU. Some participants/NCCLs’ characteristics influenced (p < 0.05) the outcomes. FBU did not perform as well as ADU, especially in SE mode and due to functional properties. Participants’ age and NCCLs’ degree of dentin sclerosis and internal shape angle influenced FBU performance.

Influence of the adhesive bonding protocol on the inflammatory cellular response and gelatinolytic activity in human teeth

The aim of this paper was to assess the biocompatibility and expression of metalloproteinase -9 of two dentin bonding agents in human teeth, using different methods of dentin pre-treatment and different time intervals. Deep Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of 18 sound molars. Restorations were performed with XP Bond™ (Dentsply) and Futurabond® DC (VOCO). After 30, 90 or 120 days, the teeth were extracted and processed for histological and immunohistochemical assessment. In XP Bond group, was observed a moderate inflammatory infiltrate and immunoreactivity of metalloproteinase -9 in all storage intervals. In Futurabond DC group, a slight inflammatory infiltrate was found in the first intervals. After 120 days, the inflammatory infiltrate was either slight or absent, while the tissue morphology remained normal. The immunoreactivity of metalloproteinase -9 was considered moderate, except for two specimen after 120 days, that demonstrated no immunoreactivity. Therefore, etch-and-rinse adhesives exhibited a more intense pulpal response than self-etching agents. When performing adhesive restorations in medium and deep cavities in human teeth, the use of a self-etching adhesive strategy should be considered in view of the lower induction of inflammatory and proteolytic activity. Further studies of molecular events should be conducted, taking into consideration the possible inflammatory pulp reactions that can contribute to the success of restorative procedures.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF THREE SELF-ETCH DENTIN BONDING AGENTS TO DENTIN: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Background:Dentin bonding is an ever-evolving field in adhesive dentistry. With the introduction of newer systems into the market, there is a crucial need to test their efficiency in terms of bond strength. Dual-cured adhesives in theory may provide for a better degree of conversion as compared to conventional light-cured adhesives .Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of three different self-etch adhesives namely ClearfilSE bond (Kuraray), Tetric N Bond Universal (IvoclarVivadent) and Futura Bond DC (Voco) to dentin. Materials &amp; Methods: Ninety extracted non-carious, intact human mandibular molar teeth were selected for this study. Each tooth was decoronated using a double-sided diamond disc with water coolant to a depth of 2mm from the cusp tip .The cut dentin surface was then abraded against 600-grit wet silicon carbide papers for 60 seconds to produce a uniform smear layer. The root portion of each tooth was mounted on a plastic ring using cold cure acrylic resin. Specimens were then divided into three adhesive groups of 30 teeth each, Group A: ClearfilSE Bond (Kuraray), Group B: Tetric N Bond Universal (IvoclarVivadent), Group C :Futura Bond DC (Voco). All bonding agents were used according to the manufacturers’ instructions, in combination with the resin composite Tetric N Ceram (IvoclarVivadent). The samples were thermocycled, followed by shear bond strength testing using a Universal testing machine (Hounsfield). Data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P&lt;0.05) and Post hoc Tukey’s test for inter- and intra- group analysis respectively. Results: Clearfil SE Bond yielded the highest shear bond strength values (30.9 ±4.66 MPa) which were statistically significant, followed byTetric N Bond Universal group (29.8 ±4.34) and the lowest shear bond strength values were recorded for Futura Bond DC (18.2 ±3.13). Conclusion: Clearfil SE bond and Tetric N bond Universal can be considered as better options than Futura Bond DC.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of decontamination protocol on the shear bond strength of eighth generation bonding agent to contaminated dentin: an in vitro study.

IntroductionThis in vitro study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of decontamination protocol - based on sodium hypochlorite - NaOCl, as a decontaminating agent, followed by the application of a collagen cross-linking agent like sodium ascorbate or Proanthocyanidin on the shear bond strength of eighth generation bonding agent to contaminated dentin (saliva, blood and blood followed by hemostatic agent).MethodsThe buccal surfaces of extracted premolars were flattened to expose the dentine. The teeth were then randomly divided into 3 groups based on the contaminant used (saliva, blood and blood followed by hemostatic agent). Decontamination protocol was carried out with sodium hypochlorite followed by application of either of the two collagen cross-linking agents (sodium ascorbate/proanthocyanidin) in each group. FuturaBond DC (eighth generation) bonding agent was used to bond composite to dentin surfaces which was subjected to shear bond strength testing. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.ResultsAll the groups (contaminated with saliva, blood, or hemostatic agent) showed a decrease in shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. The shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin was least affected by contamination with saliva followed by contamination with blood and was most affected by contamination with a hemostatic agent.The decontamination protocol carried out showed that the combination of NaOCl and Proanthocyanidin improved the shear bond strength of composite to dentin significantly more than the combination of NaOCl and sodium ascorbate or of sodium hypochlorite used alone.

Comparison of Microleakage of Self-etch and Total-etch Bonding Agents in Primary Molar Class II Composite Restorations

Introduction: This study evaluated microleakage of flowable and conventional composite in primary molar class II restorations using self-etch and total-etch bonding agents. Methods: Class II standard cavities were prepared on proximal surface of 48 primary molars. These cavities were restored using GrandioFlow and Grandio composites and Futurabond DC and Solobond M as bonding agents. Teeth apices were sealed by wax and two-layer nail varnish was applied up to 1mm of restoration margins. Samples were subjected to thermocycling, stained by silver nitrate solution and sectioned mesiodistally. Microleakage was measured from the tooth-restoration margin to end point of dye penetration using a stereomicroscope with a 0-3 scale. Microleakage scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test in 4 groups and paired comparisons were performed using Monte Carlo test. Results: Microleakage was seen in all composite and bonding agent groups. Pairwise comparison showed no significant difference regarding the microleakage between groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusion: Gradioflow as a flowable composite and Futurabond DC as a self-etch bonding agent both showed acceptable results in regard to microleakage. Considering the ease of application of flowable composites compared to conventional ones and shortening the treatment both flowable composites and self-etch bonding agentshave showed promising results in pediatric dentistry

A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-Generation Self-etch Dentin Bonding Agents in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

ABSTRACTAimTo compare the shear bond strength of seventh- and eight-generation self-etch dentin bonding agents in primary teeth using universal testing machine.Materials and methodsForty extracted sound human primary molars were collected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 sample each. Shear bond strength of seventh-generation bonding agent [ADPER Single Bond Universal, (group II)] and eighth-generation bonding agent [Futurabond DC, VOCO Germany, (group I)] were calculated by using Universal Testing Machine (PTC/O83/ME, INSTRON, USA) and expressed in megapascals (MPa). Recorded data were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using Student's t test.ResultsThe mean shear bond strength of group I (eighth-generation dentin bonding agent) and group II (seventh-generation dentin bonding agent) ranged from 22.10 to 37.10 MPa and 19.80 to 30.30 MPa, respectively Student's t test showed significantly different and higher (8.7%) shear bond strength in group I when compared to group II (p value = 0.017).ConclusionShear bond strength of eighth-generation dentin bonding agent (Futurabond DC) was better than seventh-generation dentin bonding agent (Adper Single Bond Universal).Clinical significanceAn effective bond to tooth would reduce marginal microleakage, bacterial penetration, postoperative sensitivity, possibility of pulpal inflammation, and preserve tooth structure by allowing minimal cavity preparation.How to cite this articleMishra A, Koul M, Upadhyay VK, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Self-etch Dentin Bonding Agents in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):225–229.

Dentists' performance in dentin-composite resin bonding before and after hands-on course learning

The restoration longevity depends on a high dentin-composite bond quality. This study investigated learning outcomes when using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives among general practitioners in a hands-on bonding test course. We recruited 30 general practitioners to perform shear bond strength (SBS) tests using five adhesives: one Peak® Universal Bond (PUB) etch-and-rinse and four Futurabond DC, Single Bond universal (SBU), Versa Optibond (VOB), and Tetric-N Bond Self-Etch (TNS) self-etch adhesives. SBS tests were conducted at pre-demonstration (pre-demo), post-demonstration (post-demo), and 24-h storage (delayed bonding) stages. SBS data were analyzed with paired Student's t-tests. We defined 17MPa as "qualified bond strength (QBS)". The percentages of samples with SBS achieving QBS were analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using PUB caused no significant differences in SBS between pre- and post-demo samples, whereas the SBS of the two self-etch adhesives (SBU and VOB) improved in post-demo samples (p<0.05). SBU showed the highest percentage of samples with SBS achieving QBS in all three groups (pre-demo=70%, post-demo=83%, and delayed bonding=76.5%). The QBS percentages of VOB and TNS notably improved from 0% (pre-demo) to 71.4% and 23.5% (post-demo), respectively. SEM indicated bubble-like defects at the dentin-resin interfaces in cases of low SBS. Bonding performance is both operator- and product-dependent. The continuing education hands-on course does help dentists to improve the bond strength especially when the self-etch system is used.

Effect of different root dentin pretreatment protocols on the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with core buildup material

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the push out bond strength of fiber posts -after cementaion with core build up material and dentin pretreatment using different adhesive protocols- in different root regions. Material and Methods: 28 endodonticaly treated human premolars were divided into 4 groups. The post spaces were treated with 1 of 4 different dentin bonding protocols: total etch light cured adhesive, solobond m; total etch dual cured adhesive, Excite f DSC; self-etching light cured adhesive, single bond universal; or self-etching dual cured adhesive, futura bond dc. Fiber posts, were luted with dual cured core material. The roots were cut into 2-mm-thick sections, in cervical, middle, and apical regions. Push-out tests were performed with a universal testing machine, and bond strength values (MPa) were calculated. Data were analyzed with 1- and 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison tests (a=.05). Failure modes were examined under stereo microscope. Results: The highest mean bond strength values were obtained for self-etch dual cured adhesive, (9.69 MPa). The Total etch light cured adhesive (2.81 MPa) showed the lowest bond strength. Self-etch light-polymerized and total etch dual-polymerized adhesives provided similar bond strengths (5.37, 5.72 respectively). The regional bond strength values were reduced significantly in apical post space (P&lt;0.01). The most predominant failure type was mixed failure followed by adhesive failure. Conclusion: Dentin pretreatment using self-etch dual cured adhesives prior to fiber posts cementation offers a high bond strength. While using total-etch light cured adhesives is not recommended due to the low bonding quality. KeywordsDentin; Bond strength; Fiber posts; Core buildup material; Adhesive protocols; Pretreatment.

Bond Strength of Composite Resin Restoration Repair: Influence of Silane and Adhesive Systems

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of silane (Si) application and different adhesive systems on the bond strength of composite resin repair. One hundred composite truncated cone-shaped specimens were prepared and submitted to 5,000 thermal cycles to simulate existing restorations. Their top surfaces were airborne particle abraded with aluminum oxide, etched with phosphoric acid, and divided into two groups (n = 50) with or without Si application. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 10) according to the adhesive system applied: Solobond Plus Primer and Adhesive (SPA)-two-bottle, Solobond Plus adhesive (SA), Admira Bond (A)-one bottle, Futurabond DC (FDC)-self-etch, and Futurabond M (FM)-self-etch. New composite resin was applied over the bonded area. A control group was prepared to evaluate the cohesive strength of the composite resin. Specimens were submitted to tensile stress. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey and Dunnett tests. Si application reduced the bond strength of all adhesives (p = 0.001). Groups SA and SPA showed higher bond strengths in relation to other groups (p = 0.01). Groups FDC + Si, FM, FM + Si, and A + Si showed smaller mean bond strength values than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Previous Si application reduced bond strength values. The two-bottle adhesive showed better results than one-bottle or self-etching systems for composite resin repairs. The kind of adhesive system applied for composite resin repairs has a great influence on bond strength values. The use of Si in this situation is not recommended.

Repair potentiality of CAD/CAM composite block and hybrid ceramic block by direct resin composite restoration with and without surface treatment

Objective: to evaluate microshear bond strength of CAD/CAM composite block and hybrid ceramic block repaired by direct resin composite restoration with and without surface treatment.Materials and Methods: Two different CAD/CAM restorative materials were tested in the present study: hybrid ceramic blocks (Vita Enamic) and resin composite blocks (Grandio). Six sections were prepared from each CAD/CAM blocks. The sections from each block type were randomly divided into three groups according to the surface treatment performed. Control group: the specimens were ground with a grinding machine. Etching gel Group: 37% phosphoric acid etching gel was applied occlusally on the surface of the section and CoJet Group. the surface of all groups were then silanized using Bis-Silane then bonding agent Futura bond DC was applied. A polyethylene micro tubes were prepared that were held in place with a tweezer on the uncured then light cured for 10 seconds Resin composite (Grandioso X-tra) was packed inside the microtubes and light cured. All specimens were prepared by the same operator at 22.0–22.5 ˚C (room temperature) and relative humidity of 50%. The specimens were further divided into two groups according to storage conditions. Half of the specimens were thermocycled in distilled water for 5000 cycles in a 5–55˚C water bath with a dwell time of 30 seconds and a transfer time of 5 seconds. The other specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 days. Microshear bond strength was performed and fractographic analysis to determine the failure mode. Statistical analysis was then performed using a commercially available software program (SPSS 19; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). As data were not normally distributed, significance of the difference between different groups within the same surface pretreatment was evaluated using Kruskall Wallis test. Mann Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons and to study the effect of surface pre-treatment. The interaction of restoration and type of pretreatment variables was evaluated using 3 ways ANOVA. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: Three ways ANOVA test revealed that each of the material type (composite/hybrid ceramic), the subgroup type group (control/etching/Cojet) and the thermocycling (Yes/No) variables resulted in a statistically significant difference (p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.003 respectively). Interaction of the subgroup (control/etching/Cojet) variable with the thermocycling (Yes/No) variable and the material (composite/hybrid ceramic) variable showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.023, p=0.001 respectively). Moreover, interaction of thermocycling and material variable resulted in a significant difference (p=0.034). However, interaction of the 3 study variables (material, subgroup, thermocycling) was not statistically significant (p=0.165). The failure mode of the tested specimens analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope at magnification 80X was commonly mixed type of failure (adhesive failure between resin composite restoration and CAD/CAM blocks with cohesive failure within resin composite restoration).Conclusions: Grandio composite blocks is very promising materials and their optimum long lasting repair potentiality that offers to the clinicians great chance to easily repair the defective restoration with safety. Surface treatment using Phosphoric acid or Cojet system greatly improve the bond strength between composite repair system and hybrid ceramic or composite blocks. The bond performance of repaired composite blocks was much more greater than than that of repaired hybrid ceramic. Thermocycling affect the bond durability of repaired hybrid ceramic blocks and composite blocks.Further investigations focusing on the effect of different surface treatments to yield results that lead to concrete clinical recommendations are needed to evaluate the long term durability of new CAD/CAM materials.

Root canal adaptation and intra-tubular penetration of three fiber-post cementation systems

BackgroundTo measure the penetration of three bonding systems for the luting of fiber glass posts in endodontically treated teeth, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Material and MethodsA total of 30 maxillary incisors were shaped with the Mtwo system and filled with gutta-percha and Top Seal cement. The sample was divided into three groups (ni=10) according to the bonding system used to cement the posts: Group 1 (Prime&Bond NT and Rebilda DC with a total-etch technique); Group 2 (Futurabond DC and Rebilda DC with a dentin self-etch technique); and Group 3 (BisCem self-adhesive cement). Rhodamine B was added to the bonding systems to allow visualization by CLSM. Three 1-mm thick cross-sections were obtained of each root at a distance of 2, 5 and 8 mm from the coronal limit of the root. The specific software of the CLSM system was used to measure the percentage of the root canal perimeter showing penetration of the bonding system in the dentinal tubules, together with the maximum depth of penetration. Comparison between groups were made by Kruskal Wallis test, and comparison two by two groups with Mann-Whitney U-test.ResultsDepth of penetration of the resin tags, were distributed from greater to lesser depth as follows: BisCem > Prime&Bond NT > Futurabond DC. BisCem showed significantly greater penetration in the middle and apical thirds than the rest of the systems (906.14±67.42 and 699.27±76.26 µm, respectively). The percentage perimeter exhibiting penetration in the coronal third was significantly greater with BisCem versus Futurabond DC (56.08±7.24 and 44.38±5.23%, respectively). No significant differences were recorded in the middle and apical thirds among the three systems.ConclusionsBisCem resulted in greater depth of intratubular penetration at all studied levels. The percentage perimeter of the canal showing penetration was similar for all the bonding systems. Key words:Fiber post luting, sealer adaptation, confocal laser scanning microscope.

Effect of Final Irrigation Protocol and Etching Mode on Bond Strength of a Multimode Adhesive in the Root Canal.

To analyze the effects of ethanol for final post space irrigation and etching mode on the bond strength of fiber posts luted with a mild multimode adhesive (pH 2.3) as compared with a reference group using a self-adhesive resin cement (SAR). Human anterior teeth were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, the root canals were irrigated using 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) applied with passive ultrasonic irrigation, followed by either distilled water (control) or distilled water and ethanol 99% as final post space irrigation. Fiber posts were luted using Futurabond U in self-etch mode (FU-SE), Futurabond U in etch-and-rinse mode (FU-ER), or Futurabond DC (SE) in combination with a dual-curing core buildup material (Grandio Core, all VOCO); alternatively, posts were inserted using a self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX Unicem 2, 3M ESPE). Bond strengths were evaluated using push-out tests following thermocycling (TC) and storage in 0.9% NaCl for 3 months. Mean push-out bond strengths (MPa) were significantly affected by the luting system (p < 0.0005) but not by the irrigation protocol (p = 0.068; ANOVA), although a significant interaction between the factors "luting agent" and "pre-treatment" was observed. FU E&R (21.28 [4.34]) and RX (20.12 [7.32]) revealed significantly higher bond strengths compared to FU SE (15.9 [6.02]), whereas F DC (18.8 [6.9]) did not differ significantly from all other groups. Ethanol pre-treatment increased bond strength in the apical part of the root canal for all materials, with the exception of FU E&R. Mild multimode adhesives exhibit comparable mean bond strengths to a SAR cement within the root canal for luting fiber posts if applied in an etch-and-rinse mode. Using this approach, ethanol application has no positive effects on bond strength.

Resistance to Dislodgement of REBILDA® Post System to Intraradicular Dentin

Currently there is controversy in the literature about clinical and adhesive effectiveness with respect to adhesive systems aimed to root reinforcement. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the Push-Out bond strength between the Rebilda® post system and the intraradicular dentine. Thus, 28 unirradicular teeth were used, cut and standardized in 16 mm. The root segments were submitted to endodontic treatment; and then randomly divided into two groups, Group 1 (n = 14): Rebilda® DC + Futurabond DC; Group 2 (n = 14): RelyX ARC + Adper Scothbond Multipurpose Plus. Ten specimens from each group were submitted to the Push-Out Test. The remaining 4 specimens from each group were prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate the formation of resinous extensions at the post-cement-dentin interface. Group 2 showed better results when compared to Group 1 regarding bond strength and in formation of resinous extensions or tags, but there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05). It was concluded that the REBILDA® Post System promotes adequate bond strength to intraradicular dentin.

Effects of composite viscosity and adhesive curing mode on marginal sealing of restorations

Objectives: Evaluate the influence of composite viscosity, adhesive systems curing mode and artificial aging on marginal sealing of composite resin restorations. Methods: 240 cavities were prepared in bovine incisors. Teeth were divided in two groups: GR – GrandioSO (Voco), conventional viscosity and GF – GrandioSO Heavy Flow (Voco), low viscosity. Each group was divided into 6 subgroups: FM – Futura Bond M (Voco), FDCL and FDCC – Futura Bond DC (Voco), light and chemical cured, CS – Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray), CDCL and CDCC – Cleafil DC (Kuraray), light and chemical cured. Half of all specimens were subjected to mechanical (300.000) and thermal cycling (1.000). Marginal gap was measured in an optical microscope. For microleakage, specimens were stained in 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate. Results: For marginal gap mean (μm), significant differences were shown for all factors (p = 0.000). Results for resin were GR: 28.1 and GF: 40.6; for adhesive CDCC: 28.67, CDCL: 32.25, CS: 34.12, FDCL: 36.10, FM: 36.50 and FDCC: 38.46; and for artificial aging WITHOUT: 29.05 and WITH: 39.65. For microleakage mean (mm), there were also differences for all factors (p = 0.000). Results for resin were GR: 2.68 and GF: 3.46; for adhesive FM: 2.85, CDCC: 3.00, FDCL: 3.08, CDCL: 3.15, CS: 3.16 and FDCC: 3.19; and for artificial aging WITHOUT: 2.66 and WITH: 3.48. Conclusion: Composite with conventional viscosity resulted in narrower marginal gaps and less microleakage. CDCC showed less marginal gap formation. The presence of thermo-mechanical cycling increased the values of gap and microleakage.