Fusilade Forte Research Articles

Efikasnost herbicida u suzbijanju korova u lucerki

Alfalfa is one of the most important perennial fodder crops, and it is also the most economical. Alfalfa provides first class fodder that is suitable for feeding all livestock, especially ruminants. Grass and broadleaf weeds are a serious threat to the quality and viability of alfalfa stands. Weeds can reduce the nutritional value of the crop and cause significant reductions in yield, as they compete aggressively for water, nutrients, sunlight, and space. In this study, herbicides (Butoxone DB, Agil, Basagran, Corum, Fusilade forte, Pulsar and Focus ultra) were used for controlling weeds in alfalfa. The presence of annual and perennial weeds, typical of alfalfa plantations: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Lamium amplexicaule, Viola arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria spp., Sorghum halepense, Cirsium arvense, Plantago lanceolate, Rumex crispus and others, was observed on the tested surfaces. Our research has shown that the most effective herbicides are Basagran, Butoxone DB and Corum, which are intended to suppress broadleaf weeds. Meanwhile, herbicides Fusilade forte and Pulsar proved to be very effective in controlling grass weeds. A very good reaction was also observed with the combinations of herbicides Pulsar + Fusilade forte and Pulsar + Basagran, as these combinations expand the spectrum of activity to the grass and broadleaf weeds. The aim of this paper was to determine which herbicide is most effective in controlling weeds in alfalfa.

Effectiveness of herbicide tank mixtures with Sekator Turbo and graminicides on oil flax

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of post-emergent tank mixtures of herbicidal compositions on weeds in oil flax yields on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. The results were obtained in 2018-2020. We determined the economic efficiency of herbicidal compositions of tank mixtures aimed at suppressing vegetative dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds. The compositions were based on herbicide Sekator Turbo together with one of the graminicides – Bagira, Fusilade Forte, Quickstep, Miura, Zellek-super. The results show that application of the tank mixture Selator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/ha) + Bagira, EC (1.5 l/ha) provided the best effectiveness at the cultivation of oil flax, due to the highest productivity (1.34 t/ha) and obtainment if a net profit (19 115 thousand rubles per 1 hectare).

Efficacy of Herbicides, Herbicide Tank Mixtures and Herbicide Combinations on Express Sun Oil-Bearing Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

During the period 2018-2020 a field experiment has been carried out with the oil-bearing sunflower hybrid P64LЕ121 (Helianthus annuus L.). It is a sulfo tolerant hybrid by ExpressSun technology. A total of 25 variants were investigated. They included untreated control, 2 herbicides applied alone in addition with adjuvant Trend 90, 10 herbicide tank mixtures and 10 herbicide combinations. Soil-applied combined herbicides were performed during after sowing before emergence period of the sunflower. Foliar-applied herbicides were performed during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full control of annual broadleaved weeds in ExpressSun oil-bearing is provided by a single treatment with herbicide Fluence at a dose of 40 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express at a dose of 60 g/ha applied during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full controls of perennial broadleaved weeds is provided by two treatments with herbicide Fluence in doses of 20+20 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express in doses of 30+30 g/ha, applied during 3-4 leaf and 7-8 leaf sunflower stages. In the presence of annual and perennial broadleaved and graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide tank mixtures together with foliar-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Fusilade forte, Stratos ultra or Targa max. In the absence of perennial graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply herbicides Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide combinations with soil-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Dual gold or Indipen. The highest seed yield is obtained by herbicide tank mixture Fluence + Fusilade forte, followed by herbicide tank mixture Evorelle express + Stratos ultra. High seed yields are also obtained by use of herbicide combinations Indipen + Evorelle express and Dual gold + Fluence.

A comparative analysis of the efficacies of six selected herbicides for effective control of spear grass (Imperata cylindrical Linn) in cassava production in Obudu, Northern Cross River State

A two-year, (2015 and 2016) field trial was conducted in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State to compare the efficacies of six (6) selected herbicides in controlling spear grass (Imperata cylindrical Linn) in cassava farm. The main treatments were the three cassava varieties: TMS 30572, TMS 50395 and NR 8082, while the sub treatments were six herbicides: Primextra, Igrancombi Gold, and Paracot as pre-emergence, Touchdown Forte Hi Tech, Galex and Fusilade Forte as post-emergence herbicides. The result showed that cassava establishment did not differ significantly among the cassava varieties, whereas herbicide type significantly (p<0.05) affected cassava establishment. High plant establishment was recorded in plots treated with Paracot, followed by plots treated with Igrancombi compared to high mortality rate recorded in plots treated with primextra as pre-emergence application. The tuber yield did not differ significantly among the cassava varieties. However, on the basis of average for both years, the trend was as follows: TMS 30572 (2.81 t/ha-1) > NR 8082 (2.75 t/ha-1)> TMS 50395 (2.56t/ha-1). On the contrary, tuber yield differed significantly (p<0.05) among herbicide types irrespective of the cassava variety, although no well-defined trend was established.

The Technology of Precise Application of Herbicides in Onion Field Cultivation

The purpose of the field experiments was to show possible differences in the quality and size of onion yield and the amount of working liquid used in the technology of the precise application of herbicides. The research material was an onion plantation during three growing seasons in 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018. Cultivation conditions were the same for all plots covered by the experiment. Onions were grown in the row-strip method with a spacing of 150 cm. The experimental factor was the method of weed control on the plots: A—without weeding (control); B—manual weeding; C—conventional herbicide application; D—precise herbicide application. Herbicides were used: Agil 100EC, Pendigan 330EC, Roundup 360SL, Galigan 240EC, Goal 480SC, Lontrel 300SL, Emblem 20WP, Fusilade Forte 150EC, Szogun 10EC, and Lentagran 45WP. The total onion yield did not differ statistically within the accepted confidence interval, regardless of the weeding method in the growing seasons studied. The developed technology allows a reduction in herbicide consumption in onion cultivation by 26% compared to conventional technology, which is of great importance in the aspect of introducing chemical substances into the environment and their accumulation in crops.

Selectivity and efficacy of herbicide GF-3488, containing synthetic auxins halauxifen-methyl and clopyralid, in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine

Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin, which in combination with another auxin-like herbicide clopyralid is the active ingredient of complex herbicide GF-3488, that is used for dicotyledonous weeds control in winter oilseed rape crops. The reason of this study was a necessity to test crop selectivity and efficacy of GF-3488 to control dicotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine and also the possibility of GF-3488 application in the tank mixture with graminicide or/and insecticide to control monocotyledonous weeds and insects. A randomized block experiment was conducted in 2015—2017 in 4 locations. It was found that under spring applying, the GF-3488 is not inferior to another widely used herbicide Galera Super on selectivity to the crop. Herbicide GF-3488 at the rate 1.0 l/ha was significantly better than Galera Super at the rate 0.3 l/ha in controlling of annual dicotyledonous weeds Papaver rhoeas L., Galium aparine L., Consolida regalis S.F. Gray and was effective to control of certain types of cruciferous weeds, which are resistant to Galera Super. Adding graminicide Fusilade Forte and insecticide Nurelle D did not affect the GF-3488 selectivity to the crop and had no negative impact on dicotyledonous weeds control. Efficacy of monocotyledonous weeds control by graminicide did not change in the mixture with GF-3488. It was concluded that herbicide GF-3488 is effective on winter oilseed rape against dicotyledonous weed species. Therefore for the simultaneous control of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape in the spring after the renewal of the crop vegetation herbicide GF-3488 is advisable to be used in a tank mixture with graminicides, and for simultaneous protection against weeds and pests it can be mixed with insecticides.

Reliable protection of lentils against weeds

Goal. To identify the features of the infestation of crops of lentils and improve on this basis, the elements of chemical protection from adverse impact of weeds.
 Methods. Field experiments were laid out in 2016—2019 according to the scheme: 1. Clogged control. 2. “Clean” control. 3. Gesagard 500 WF + Panther 4%, K. E. (3 l/ ha + 1 l/ ha). 4. Zenkor 70 WG + Targa Super, k.e. (0.6 l/ ha + 1.0 l/ ha). 5. Stomp 330, k.e. + FUSILADE Forte 150 EC, k.e. (3.0 l/ ha + 0.7 l/ ha).
 Results. The contamination of crops of lentils in the years of research had mixed. As a result of pre-release areas from the presence of perennial plants (couch grass, convolvulus arvensis) weeds, mostly introduced annual grasses and dicotyledonous species. The most widespread in crops were plants of foxtail glaucous — 19.5 pieces/ m2 (22.5% in the structure of impurity), Echinochloa ordinary and 17.3 (19.9%), amaranth thrown back to 10.7 (12.3%), nightshade black — 6,8 pieces/ m2 (7.8%). In General, the time of counts (end of III decade of may) the number of weeds was 86.7 pieces/ m2. Use for protection of lentil combinations of herbicides of soil action of Gezagard 500 FW, k.s. (3.0 l/ ha) and graminicide Panther, 4% k.e. (1.0 l/ ha) reduced the ability of those present in the crops of weeds to form their mass. In average per years of research, the mass of weeds in crops of version 3 testing amounted to a total of 388 g/ m2 or 13.6% of the weedy control. Herbicides provided the reduction of the mass of weeds in 86.4%.
 Conclusions. In terms of the use of herbicides of Gezagard 500 FW, k.s. (3.0 l/ ha) + Panther, 4% k.e. (1.0 l/ ha) received an average of 1.49 t/ ha of seeds, or 83.7% of the maximum in the testing of the level of harvest. Much more effective was the use Zenkor 70 WG, v.g. (0.6 l/ ha) Targa Super 5% k.e. (1.0 l/ ha) and stomp 330, k.e. (3.0 l/ ha) + FUSILADE Forte 15% k.e. (0.7 l/ ha), which provided the formation of 1.61 and 1.56 t/ ha of seeds, 90.4 and 87.6% of the “clean” control, respectively.

Wpływ metod odchwaszczania plantacji na plonowanie i zawartość olejku w kwiatostanach wybranych odmian nagietka lekarskiego (Calendula officinalis L.)

Introduction. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual plants belongs to Asteraceae family. The species is widespread in the world and have a long tradition of medicinal use with multidirectional action. Aim. The field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of genetic (cultivar) and environmental factors on yielding variability and biosynthesis of essential oil in conditions of conventional cultivation of marigold after using different methods of plantation weeding. Material and methods. The research material were two cultivars of marigold such as Orange King and Indian Prince. The following activity were tested: 1) spraying of Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1), 2) spraying Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1) + manual weeding, 3) manual weeding, 4) no weeding – control. The scope of the research included assessment of marigold yield (inflorescence) and determination of the essential oil contents in dry mass of raw material. Results. Regardless of the cultivar, a non-chemical methods (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual in rows) gave the highest efficiency of weed control. Similar results observed after using chemical weeding with manual weeding. In these cases the yields were at least 2.5 times higher than obtained from the control. The total yield of dry mass of inflorescence for the above methods was 6.35 and 5.53 q • ha-1 for Orange King cultivars, slightly lower result obtained for cultivar of Indian Prince (4.81 and 4.12 q • ha-1). It was also shown that the content of essential oil in the raw material ranged from 0.25 to 0.37% and was independent from the cultivar. Conclusions. The Orange King cultivar of marigold yielded better than Indian Prince in analogous methods of plantation weeding. The highest effectiveness of weed plantation was found using a non-chemical method (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual weeding in rows) and using chemical weeding with manual weeding. It was shown that the content of essential oil in the inflorescences of both examined cultivars was similar.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БАКОВОЙ СМЕСИ НОВОГО ГЕРБИЦИДА ФЛЕКС С ГРАМИНИЦИДОМ ФЮЗИЛАД ФОРТЕ В ПОСЕВАХ СОИ

The results of the study of the biological and economic efficiency of the tank mixture Flex 1.5 l/ha + Fusilade Forte 1.5 l/ha in the post-emergence application in soybean crops are presented. The studies were conducted in 2018 according to the generally accepted methods in the plot experiment on the experi-mental field of The Far Eastern Research Institute of Plant Protection. It is established that this mixture has a high herbicidal activity (reduction of crude above - ground biomass by 99%) in respect of annual dicotyledonous and cereal weeds, as well as perennial dicotyledonous weeds, ensuring the purity of crops during the entire period of vegetation of the crop. Maximum toxic effect of a mixture of herbicides had on the most common in the coastal region and predominate in the cenosis of the dicotyledonous weed common ragweed and Asian copperleaf (reduction of mass by 91-100%). High sensitivity also showed lamb’s quarters, Asiatic dayflower, cockspur grass, Eriochloa villosa and dicotyledonous perennial species (field milk and creeping thistle), plants which at the time of treatment were in the rosette phase. As a standard, a mixture of Galaxy Top 1.7 l/ha + Fusilade Forte 1.5 l/ha was used, which showed high activity against annual and perennial dicotyledonous and annual cereal weeds. The increase in yield of soybean seeds in the Flex 1.5 l/ha + Fusilade Forte 1.5 l/ha was 1.04 t/ha with yield in the control-0.11 t/ha. In conditions of high contamination of crops with a wide range of broadleaved and cereal species characteristic of the South of the Far East, the use of tank mixtures of the new herbicide Flex with Fusilade Forte or other graminicides is very promising and should become an important element of the system of chemical protection of soybeans from weeds.

The Influence of Six Pesticides on Physiological Indices of Pelophylax Ridibundus (Pallas, 1771).

The objective of the study is to screen for morphological, biochemical and histological changes induced by six widely used pesticides (Reldan 40EC, Actara 25WG, Tilt 250EC, Champion 50WG, Fusilade Forte, Dual Gold 960EC) in the amphibian species Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771). Highly degenerative changes were observed in animals cultured at 22-24°C, compared to those cultured at 4-6°C. The hepatosomatic index increased upon exposure to almost all of the pesticides, the erythrocyte number decreased upon exposure to all pesticides except Reldan 40EC, while leucopenia was observed only for Reldan 40EC and Actara 25WG. Hyperglycemia was observed upon administration of pesticides (except Champion 50WG and Fusilade Forte, for which hypoglycemia is registered), while a decrease in cholesterol levels was induced by nearly all pesticides. Triglycerides varied only slightly. The results suggest that chronic pesticides exposure can lead to alteration of various indices, as well as to hepatic lesions in amphibians.

Impacts on the seagrass, Zostera nigricaulis, from the herbicide Fusilade Forte® used in the management of Spartina anglica infestations

The herbicide Fusilade Forte® (FF) is widely applied in agricultural weed management and in the management of the invasive saltmarsh grass, Spartina anglica (ricegrass or cordgrass). FF (active ingredient fluazifop-P acid, FPA) is selective for poaceous grasses. Its primary mode of action is inhibition of the acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) specific to this taxonomic group, and its secondary mode is by promotion of oxidative stress. FF is applied to S. anglica infestations in the intertidal zone, in proximity to seagrass meadows. Despite the potential for vital seagrass ecosystems to be exposed to FF, there is limited knowledge of any potential impacts. We investigated impacts of FPA on the endemic Australian seagrass, Zostera nigricaulis, measuring ACCase activity and parameters that reflect oxidative stress: photosynthetic performance, lipid peroxidation and photosynthetic pigment content. Seagrass was exposed to FF (0.01–10mgL−1 FPA and a control) for 7d, followed by a 7-d recovery in uncontaminated seawater. An enzyme assay demonstrated that FPA ≤10mgL−1 did not inhibit the activity of ACCase isolated from Z. nigricaulis, demonstrating that this seagrass is resistant to FF's primary mode of action. However, physiological impacts occurred following 7 days exposure to ≥0.1mgL−1 FPA, including up to a 72% reduction in photosynthetic pigment concentration. After 7-d recovery, photosynthetic pigment content improved in treatment plants; however, treated plants exhibited higher levels of lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrates that while Z. nigricaulis is resistant to FF's primary mode of action, significant physiological impacts occur following 7 days exposure to ≥0.1mgL−1 FPA. This study provides valuable information on the effects of FF on a non-target species that can better inform approaches to Spartina management in coastal seagrass ecosystems.

Toxicity of an herbicide and adjuvant to saltmarsh invertebrates in the management of invasive grass; Comparative laboratory and field tests

Coastal weeds are often treated with herbicides without knowledge of non-target impacts, and toxicity data from standardized test species can have limited applicability. We evaluated toxicity to invertebrates from Fusilade Forte® and the adjuvant Hasten® in the control of invasive salt marsh grass, Spartina anglica. For 3 of 4 local invertebrates, Fusilade Forte® was moderately toxic (96h LC50 5.4–144mgL−1), whereas Hasten® was less toxic (14.2–450mgL−1). For most species, the mixture was more toxic than the herbicide alone, with 96h LC50 reduced 23–45%. However, a field experiment applying typical concentrations (1000×the lowest 96h LC50) showed low concentrations of herbicide residues and no detrimental impacts on invertebrates over 6months. The results reveal the importance of testing locally relevant species for potential toxicity, and of comparison tests with field exposures to determine the realised toxicity in nature.

Long-term ecological consequences of herbicide treatment to control the invasive grass, Spartina anglica, in an Australian saltmarsh

Invasive plants acting as habitat modifiers in coastal wetlands can have extensive ecological impacts. Control of invasive plants often relies on herbicides, although little is known about subsequent environmental impacts. Studying effects of herbicides on non-target species and long-term cascading consequences may yield insights into the ecology of invasive species by revealing interactions with native species. We conducted a long-term field experiment measuring effects of treating the invasive saltmarsh grass, Spartina anglica, with the herbicide Fusilade Forte®. No changes in sedimentary macrofaunal abundances or species richness, diversity, or assemblages were detected 1–2 months after spraying, despite known toxicity of Fusilade Forte® to fauna. This lack of impact may have been due to low exposure, since the herbicide was taken up primarily by plant leaves, with the small amount that reached the sediment hydrolyzing rapidly. Six months after spraying, however, total macrofauna in treated plots was more than four times more abundant than in unsprayed control plots, due to a fifteen-fold increase in annelids. This population growth correlated with increased sedimentary organic matter in treated plots, likely due to decomposition of dead S. anglica leaves serving as food for annelids. After another year, no differences in macrofauna or organic matter remained between treatments. The indirect effect on annelid populations from herbicide treatment could benefit management efforts by providing greater food resources for wading birds, in addition to improving birds' access to sediments by reducing plant cover. This study shows that an invasive grass can have a significant impact on native fauna through food-web interactions, influenced by herbicide usage.

Formation of yield capacity and sowing qualities of soybean seeds affected by current herbicides

The issue of herbicide influence on the basic sowing qualities of soybean seeds grown with their application is topical. The aim and tasks of the study. Offering of soil and post-emergence herbicides permitted for use in soybean crops has grown in recent years. However, effects of these herbicides on the basic sowing qualities of soybean seeds grown with their application have not been studied. To establish productivity parameters, germination energy and laboratory germination capacity of soybean seeds grown with application of soil and post-emergence herbicides. Material and methods. The experiment was laid out on typical black soil. Soil herbicides were applied before sprouting, and post-emergence ones - after soybean sprouting. The size of the registration plot was 36 m 2 ; the experiment was repeated in three replicas. Soybean was harvested wit a harvester «Sampo-130. Sowing qualities of soybean seeds were evaluated by specialists from the Laboratory Seed Production and Seed Investigations of the Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Pre-emergence application of Harness herbicide and post-emergence application of tank mixtures from agents Nabob (1.0 L / ha) + Fabian (50 g / ha) + Miura (0.6 L / ha) and Nabob (1.5 L / ha) + Fusilade Forte 150 EC (0.8 L / ha) provided the highest soybean yields. Moisture regimen in some study years influenced the yield capacity and sowing qualities of soybean seeds. Soybean seeds grown with pre-emergence (100 g / ha) and post-emergence (70 g / ha) application of Fabian herbicide in tank mixture with graminicides Fusilade Forte 150 EC (0.6 L / ha), Panther (0.8 L / ha) and Miura (0.4 L / ha) had low germination energy. Soil and post-emergence herbicides did not significantly affect the laboratory germination capacity of soybean seeds. Conclusions. Among soil herbicides, Harness agent provided the maximum soybean yield, and among post-emergence ones tank mixtures from agents Nabob + Fabian + Miura and Nabob + Fusilade Forte 150 EC stood out. Pre-emergence and post-emergence application of Fabian in tank mixture with graminicides reduced germination energy of soybean seeds. No significant effect of herbicides on the laboratory germination capacity of soybean seeds was found.

Yield and quality traits of two linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars as affected by some agronomic factors

A field experiment was conducted on rendzina soil in the years 2010-2012. The seeds of two linseed cultivars (Szafir and Oliwin) were sown at row spacing of 15 cm and 25 cm. Three agrotechnical levels in different nitrogen doses and with or without application of herbicides were used. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of row spacing on yield, seed protein and oil content of two linseed cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical weed control. Results showed that cv. Szafir was characterized by significantly higher seed yield (on average by 20.2%) and protein content (by 2.6%) while cv. Oliwin had higher content of oil (by 4.9%). Intensive technology of cultivation (80 kg N/ha, Linurex 50 WP, Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Glean 75 WP), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N/ha, without herbicides), significantly increased the seed yield of both linseed cultivars (on average by 80-102%). This was due to higher plant density, higher number of branches, and higher number of capsules per plant. The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of α-linolenic acid in linseed seed.

THE EFFECT OF AGROTECHNICAL FACTORS ON THE POTASSIUM CONTENT AND ITS REMOVAL BY POTATO TUBERS

A 3-year field experiment covered two methods of soil tillage, conventional and simplified, as well as the following herbicide options: Plateen 41,5 WG, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC, Barox 460 SL, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC and control object – mechanical weeding. Potassium content and its removal by potato tubers significantly depended on soil tillage methods, weed control methods and research years. More potassium was contained in tubers harvested from conventional tillage compared with the reduced tillage. Herbicides applied in the potato field significantly decreased potassium content in tubers compared with the control object. Simplifications of soil tillage decreased potassium accumulation in potato tubers compared with the conventional tillage. Significant changes were also observed in content of potassium and its removal by 1 tonne tubers between the experimental years.

Wpływ metod uprawy roli i pielęgnacji chemicznej na zachwaszczenie i plonowanie grochu siewnego (Pisum sativum L.) odmiany Merlin

The aim of the studies carried out in the years 2008–2010 was to determine the effect of tillage methods (traditional and simplified) and nurturing chemical (using herbicides and mixtures of herbicides; Command 480 EC – 0.25 l/ha, Butoxone M 400 SL – 3.0 l/ha, Fusilade Forte 150 EC – 1.5 l/ha) on weed infestation and yield of pea cultivar Merlin. Used in the experiment method of tillage and herbicides, and their mixtures had a positive effect and decreased air-dry weight of weeds and at the same time increased the yield and weight of a thousand seeds of pea. Celem przeprowadzonych w latach 2008–2010 badań było określenie wpływu metod uprawy roli (tradycyjnej i uproszczonej) oraz pielęgnacji chemicznej (z użyciem herbicydów i ich mieszanin; Command 480 EC – 0,25 l/ha, Butoxone M 400 SL – 3,0 l/ha, Fusilade Forte 150 EC – 1,5 l/ha) na zachwaszczenie i plonowanie grochu siewnego odmiany Merlin. Stosowane w doświadczeniu metody uprawy roli oraz herbicydy i ich mieszaniny korzystnie wpłynęły na obniżenie powietrznie suchej masy chwastów jednocześnie powodując wzrost plonu i masy tysiąca nasion grochu siewnego.

Evaluation of Trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®) as a New Chemical Ripener for the South African Sugarcane Industry

Although information from Brazil and Australia indicate that trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®) is an excellent new sugarcane ripener, there is no information on the response of South African varieties to this chemical. The objective of this investigation was to establish the ripening potential of this chemical in a local variety and to compare responses with current industry standards, 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Ethephon®) and fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilade Forte®). Evaluation was conducted in an irrigated plant and first ratoon crop of variety N32 at Pongola, South Africa. The field trial was laid out as a complete randomised design with five replicates per treatment. The nine treatments comprised: (a) untreated control, (b) Ethephon® (1.5 L/ha) applied 84 days before harvest (DBH), (c) Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied 43 DBH, (d) Moddus® at three rates (0.8, 1 and 2 L/ha) applied 70 DBH, (e) Ethephon® (1.5 L/ha) and Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied in combination 84 and 43 DBH, and (f) Moddus® (0.8 and 1 L/ha) and Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied in combination 70 and 43 DBH. The various ripener treatments improved estimated recoverable crystal (ERC) yields in the 12-month old crops by between 1.6 and 4.9 t/ha when compared with the control. Moddus® applied at 0.8 and 1 L/ha achieved similar improvements as Fusilade Forte® and Ethephon®, but at 2 L/ha outperformed the latter two ripeners by up to 1.9 t ERC/ha. Best ERC yield responses were achieved in the three combination treatments. However, the Moddus®—Fusilade Forte® combination treatments outperformed the standard Ethephon®—Fusilade Forte® combination treatment by up to 1 t ERC/ha. These results indicate that Moddus® is an effective sugarcane ripener under South African high-potential irrigated conditions and that improved in ERC yields exceeding those obtained with current industry standards might be possible.

Effect of cultivation factors on magnessium content in and removal by the potato tuber crop

Studies were carried out on samples obtained from a field experiment conducted on light loamy soil in 2002-2004. The experiment was set up as randomized sub-blocks with three replications. Two methods of soil tillage, conventional and simplified, were compared as well as seven weed control methods including application of herbicides or their mixtures: Plateen 41,5 WG, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC, Barox 460 SL, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC and control object (mechanical weeding). Magnesium content and its removal by potato tuber crop significantly depended on soil tillage methods, weed control methods and weather conditions over the growing season. More magnesium was contained in tubers harvested from the plots where reduced tillage had been applied (1.771 g kg -1 on average), compared with 1.762 g kg-1 under the conventional method. Herbicides and their mixtures applied to control weeds in the potato field significantly increased magnesium content in tubers and its removal by tuber yield by an average 2.7% and 11.0%, respectively, compared with the control where weeds were controlled by means of mechanical cultivation.

The effectiveness and the selectivity of herbicides applied in tillage blue lupinSkuteczność i selektywność herbicydów stosowanych w uprawie łubinu wąskolistnego

Summary In 2008–2010 at the qualification of influence was the aim of investigations tillage systems and weed control methods on effectiveness of destruction of the weed air‐dry mass as well as the influence of damage herbicides applied in the blue lupine tillage. In 2008–2010 a field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Farm Zawady of the University of Natural Sciences and Hummanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set up in split‐plot design with four replications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of weed regulation in blue lupin crops with the use of: I – different tillage systems (conventional and simplified) and II – five weed control methods. Phytotoxicity of applied herbicides to the plants of blue lupin was also taken into consideration. The best results in weed controlling were obtained after the use of the herbicide mixture: Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC + Metron 700 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC at both dates of observations, and its efficacy amounted to 81.7 and 53.3% respectively. The results the studies revealed that the efficacy of weed regulation in blue lupin crops depended on such factors as tillage systems, applied herbicides and their mixtures and weather conditions.