Further Development Of Services Research Articles

Special Education in South Korea

The development and current status of special education in South Korea are described and contrasted to that of the United States. South Korean special education was initiated in the 1890s by U.S. missionaries. Later, Japanese influence was considerable, especially on its regular educational programs. Special programs are available for five classifications of disabilities. Its major national special education legislation contains numerous provisions similar to P.L. 94-142. However, various conditions may impede the further development of services, including a high teacher-pupil ratio, the reliance on self-contained programs, negative attitudes toward people with disabilities, and lack of advocacy groups. Further initiatives require considerable research and policy debate among South Koreans.

Services to an Educational Research Network in Tanzania

The services that a university library, such as that of the University of Dar es Salaam can offer to an educational research network in East Africa are discussed. The background to an educational research network is outlined and services currently offered by the library relevant to this network are explained. The development of further services specifically for the educational research network in Tanzania is also discussed.

Changing Role of Services in the Socialist Countries of Eastern Europe

Development of the service sector in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe has up to now been substantially affected by the domination of a so-called Smith-Marx-Lenin theorem under which a large part of the service sector is considered to be ‘non-productive’. It has resulted in a clear under-development of the service sector in the national economies of these countries. This is well illustrated by the figures on sectoral structure of GDP, distribution of fixed capital assets, investment outlays and employment. Recently, however, the perception of services seems to have undergone considerable change and there is a growing concern in most of the said countries about the further development of services. It has its grounds in both internal and external factors.

Coal Conversion Research Program At the Alberta Research Council

Abstract This paper discusses the Alberta Research Council's long-term research program in coal conversion, formulated in consultation with government and industry and implemented in collaboration with other R & D centers. Programs are presented under the following headings: Coal Liquefaction, Coal Pyrolysis, Fluidized-Bed Technology, Underground Coal Gasification and Coal Technology Information Center. Coals and process types being investigated in the liquefaction and pyrolysis programs are described and examples are presented of preliminary results from in-house tests and from tests at other centers. Introduction The Alberta Research Council (Council), a Crown corporation founded in 1921 to promote responsible economic development in Alberta through science and technology, has a staff of 500 working at laboratories and offices in Edmonton. Nisku, Devon, Red Deer, Calgary and Lethbridge. Operating under the authority of the Alberta Research Council Act, it has a mandate to conduct research: related to the utilization and upgrading of the natural resources of Alberta; on new and improved technical processes and methods that are, or might be, used in Alberta industries; on behalf of, or in conjunction with, persons, firms or organizations that wish to avail themselves of the expertise and facilities of the Council; in the natural sciences with the objective of improving the welfare and progress of urban and rural life in Alberta. The Research Council's 15-member board of directors includes representatives from government, industry and universities. In 1979, the board of directors and the Alberta Government approved a long-range plan which was developed in consultation with representatives of the private sector, government and universities(1). The plan identified the following four main thrusts:expansion of research on oil sands and heavy oils;major expansion of research on coal;further development of services to industry and pursuit of new ways to work with industry;a substantial effort focused on those frontiers of science likely to be of long-term economic benefit. The Research Council also conducts an ongoing natural resources research program(2). Alberta's oil sands deposits are among the world's largest known reserves of oil. Alberta also has over 70 per cent of Canada's known coal reserves, with an energy content at least equivalent to all the known reserves of oil sands and heavy oil in the province(3). As sources of conventional oil dwindle and exploration and development costs for new resources increase, both coal and oil sands will become increasingly important in the quest for energy self sufficiency and possible export of synthetic liquids. Coal as a Source of Liquid Fuels The extent of Alberta's Plains Coal, together with its quality and availability at relatively low cost, makes it an attractive source of liquid fuels to meet the energy demands of future years. Although coal can be converted to many end products such as fuel gas and synthesis gas for hydrogen and ammonia production. liquid fuels remain the most desirable product mainly because they can be transported more cheaply over long distances and their high energy density makes them uniquely suitable as fuels for transportation and agriculture(4,4a).