Furrier Transform Infrared Research Articles

Magnetic Properties and Microstructures of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Coated Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method

Magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) have been synthesized by co-precipitation method with various synthesis temperatures, concentration of NaOH and stirring duration. The results showed that nanoparticles have well crystallized structure with various grain sizes which depend on synthesis parameters. The grain size increased with increasing synthesis temperature, decreasing concentration of NaOH and decreasing stirring duration. Magnetic characterization of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles measured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) showed that coercive field was decrease with the decreasing of particle size. The saturation and remnant magnetization showed increasing when crystallinity increased. However, it also depends on presence of α-Fe2O3 phases and their grain size. Based on magnetic characterization analysis, sample with parameter of synthesis temperature 80°C, concentration of NaOH 5 M and stirring duration 120 minutes have been selected to be modified using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000. XRD and TEM analysis showed that surface modification with PEG-4000 could increase the crystallinity of nanoparticles, decrease agglomeration and control the shape to more spherical. VSM analysis showed that modification PEG-4000 could decrease the saturation magnetization which is due to the existence of α-FeO(OH) and γ-FeO(OH) phases from bonds at interface of CoFe2O4 as confirmed by XRD and Furrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis. Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, CoFe2O4, copresipitation, PEG-4000

Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste

The difficulties to decompose organic waste can be handled naturally by pyrolisis so it can decomposes quickly that produces charcoal as the product. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from urban organic waste. Charcoal results of pyrolysis of organic waste activated with KOH 1.0 M at a temperature of 700 and 800 o C for 60 to 120 minutes. Characteristics of activated carbon were identified by Furrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). However, their quality is determined yield, moisture content, ash, fly substances, fixed carbon, and the power of adsorption of iodine and benzene. The identified functional groups on activated carbon, such as OH (3448,5-3436,9 cm -1 ), and C=O (1639,4 cm -1 ). In general, the degree and distance between the layers of active carbon crystallites produced activation in all treatments showed no significant difference. The pattern of activated carbon surface topography structure shows that the greater the pore formation in accordance with the temperature increase the more activation time needed. The yield of activated carbon obtained ranged from 72.04 to 82.75%. The results of characterization properties of activated carbon was obtained from 1.11 to 5.41% water, 13.68 to 17.27% substance fly, 20.36 to 26.59% ash, and 56.14 to 62.31% of fixed carbon . Absorption of activated carbon was good enough at 800 o C and 120 minutes of activation time, that was equal to 409.52 mg/g of iodine and 14.03% of benzene. Activated carbon produced has less good quality, because only the water content and flying substances that meet the standards. Doi : 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94 [ How to cite this article : Haji, A.G., Pari, G., Nazar, M., and Habibati. (2013). Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste . International Journal of Science and Engineering , 5(2),89-94. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94 ]

Composite Fillers and their Influence on Emissivity

Abstract The research work presented in this paper shows influence of filler composition in inorganic composite on its emissivity. Development of system which will provide a very high emissivity (0.90 - 0.99) within a short wavelength range is the intention of our project. Active ingredients (Chromium Oxide, Iron powder, Kaolin, Silicon Carbide, Boron Carbide, Boron Nitride and Aluminum Nitride) were built in matrix of the composite. Furrier Transform Infra- Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy method was applied for measurement of spectral emissivity. Block hot plate was used for heating samples in relative emissivity measurement and laser beam in absolute emissivity measurement. These tests demonstrated that filler composition is able to influence emissive properties in range of short IR wavelength (1.5-4.0 μm) within 0.7 - 1.5 times (against the reference). Also influence of content of active ingredient in ceramic matrix on emissivity was measured. Content of active ingredients had no significant effect on emissivity.

Gum odina: a novel matrix forming material for sustained drug delivery

The study concerns the evaluation of natural gum odina as novel sustained release matrix forming material in tablet formulation. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. Diclofenac sodium was used as model drug. The tablet weight (250 mg) and diameter (9 mm) was kept constant. The tablets were evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release kinetics. The effect of gum concentration (10, 20, 30 and 50% w/w with respect to total tablet weight) on in-vitro drug release profile was examined and compared with diclofenac sodium (Voveran SR-100), the slow release marketed formulation developed in India. The drug–gum (excipient) interactions using FTIR (Furrier Transform Infrared) spectrum ensures its safe use as matrix forming material. The prepared matrix formulations were found to be having near zero order release kinetics of diclofenac sodium with good strength and acceptable physicochemical properties. The formulations were found to be sustained delivery of the drug up to 24 h. The t1/2 of the various matrix tablets (with 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% w/w of gum odina) found to be more than 11 h, where as that of the marketed formulation (Voveran SR) found to be 8 h. It has been found that as the %ge of gum increases the retardation of drug release from the formulation also increases. The matrix tablet with 20% w/w of gum odina was found suitable to formulate swelling controlled matrix that releases the drug by diffusion. It is concluded that the gum odina possess substantial matrix forming property that could be used for sustained drug delivery.

A Novel Synthesis and Characterization of 5-substituted Tetrazole with their Sulfonyl Derivatives

The aim of present study was to synthesize a Novel heterocyclic compound with the help of strong base K2CO3 in the reaction. The simple reactions were designed for the Synthesis of 5- substituted tetrazole and their Sulfonyl Derivatives. Two compounds were designed, synthesized and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and functional group detection by using the FTIR (Furrier Transform Infra Red).