Funnel System Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of two emigration/sedimentation techniques for the recovery of dictyocaulid and protostrongylid larvae from faeces

A comparison between the performance of a flask and a funnel method in recovering dictyocaulid and protostrongylid larvae from faeces revealed the clear superiority of the former. On an average, 137% ( p < 0.01) more Dictyocaulus viviparus, 175% ( p < 0.05) more Muellerius capillaris and 1709% ( p < 0.01) more Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae were recovered from samples processed by flask rather than funnel. Attempts to further improve the flask method by substituting cloth stockinette for paper tissue, tended to result in the recovery of more faecal debris but no more larvae. In addition to its greater sensitivity, it is suggested that the flask method offers advantages over the funnel system both in terms of time-saving and in lessening the likelihood of cross-contamination.

Platysma Myocutaneous Flap for Repair of Hypopharyngeal Strictures

Hypopharyngeal strictures, either isolated or in conjunction with laryngeal and esophageal strictures, can occur following lye ingestion. Extensive stricture formation requires reconstruction to create a functional funnel system that empties below the cricoid. Esophageal replacement is not a substitute for adequate hypopharyngeal reconstruction. The pectoralis major muscle is often inadequate, because it yields too much bulk and often leads to continued aspiration. The platysma myocutaneous flap for hypopharyngeal reconstruction has not been previously reported. The inferiorly based platysma myocutaneous flap was used in two of our patients with lye burns, and bilateral superiorly based flaps were used in one. All are able to eat normally and have no significant stenosis. The platysma myocutaneous flap is a relatively simple and reliable alternative that is within the capability of every head and neck surgeon.

First Generation European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm, Efficacy Trials, Kansas, 1989

Abstract Naturally infested whorl-stage yellow field corn was treated on 19 Jun. Fifteen insecticides and one untreated control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. All plots consisted of 4 contiguous rows, each 12 m in length with 76 cm row spacing. Sprays were applied in water (20 gal/acre) with a CO2 powered system held above the canopy. Each treated row received spray from 1 nozzle (HC-12) suspended over the row applied at 40 psi. Granular products were applied manually with a funnel and band spreader system. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20 cm band. Thirty plants from the 2 center rows were destroyed and examined from 7 through 11 Jul. Shotholing and tunnels/30 plants were recorded.

First-Generation European Corn Borer Efficacy Trials, 1988

Abstract Naturally infested whorl-stage yellow field corn was treated 14 Jun. Thirteen insecticides and 1 untreated control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. All plots consisted of 4 contiguous rows, each 12 m long with 76-cm row spacing. Sprays were applied in water (20 gal/acre) with a CO2-powered system held above the canopy on a modified backpack frame. Each treated row received spray applied at 40 psi from 1 nozzle suspended over the row, perpendicular to the row (tip size HC-6). Granular products were applied manually with a funnel and band spreader system. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20-cm band. The 1988 growing season was characterized by severe drought and extreme temperatures. No rain fell for 2 wk after the treatments were applied. Twenty plants from the 2 center rows per plot were destroyed and examined from 8 through 14 Jul. Tunnels/20 plants, larvae/20 plants, and average percentage of plants infested with at least 1 tunnel/plant were recorded.

Wind fluctuations near a cold vortex-tropopause funnel system observed by the MU radar

Vertical and temporal variations of three-dimensional wind velocity associated with an upper-tropospheric cold vortex-tropopause funnel system were observed by an MST radar in Japan (the MU radar). Marked changes of vertical velocity and horizontal wind direction were found between the inside and outside of the cold vortex. The vertical velocity activity outside the vortex was asymmetric; it was most active in a sector before the vortex. Unsaturated internal gravity waves in their generation stage contribute predominantly to the vertical velocity activity, suggesting that tropospheric occluded cyclones may be a possible source of middle-atmospheric gravity waves through the geostrophic adjustment process.

First Generation European Corn Borer Larvae, Efficacy Trials, Kansas, 1987

Abstract Naturally infested late-whorl-stage yellow held corn was treated on 13 Jun. Eighteen insecticides and 2 untreated controls were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots consisted of 4 contiguous rows, each 12 m in length with 90-cm row spacing. Sprays were applied in water (20 gal/acre) with a C02-powered system held above the canopy on a modified backpack frame. Each treated row received spray from 2 opposing nozzles suspended over the row at a 45-degree angle (dp size HC-6) and applied at 40 psi. Granular products were applied using modified electric drive Nobel applicators mounted on a self-propelled highi clearance sprayer or manually banded using a funnel and bander system. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20-cm band.

Trace elements in the geogas and their relation to bedrock composition

The paper describes an investigation of a transport mechanism in the ground which has the capacity of lifting trace amounts of different elements from the bedrock to the ground surface. The transported matter is guided by a funnel system towards a thin membrane on which it is collected. The matter on the membranes is analysed with the PIXE method. The transport may be brought about by a very weak stream of gas bubbles which passes upwards through cracks and fissures in the bedrock. Remarkable similarities are found between the occurrence of elements on the membranes and the composition of a mineralization straight below the points of collection. The mechanism seems to have the power of revealing the existence of important base metal occurrences in the bedrock and may therefore be the basis for a new method of prospecting for concealed mineralizations.

Proposed Use of the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole Structure to Funnel High-Current Ion Beams

In this paper, we describe a new approach to funneling beams that are initially accelerated in two radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators. Instead of discrete optical elements, we propose to funnel within an RFQ structure, so that during the funneling process the beam is always confined by periodic transverse focusing. Beams with high space charge experience irreversible emittance growth when they emerge from a periodic focusing system. To alleviate this problem, in the proposed funneling system it should be possible to maintain the same focusing periodicity as that of the accelerators preceding the funnel. Also, instead of conventional deflection systems, we propose to use the properties of a modified RFQ structure to deflect two parallel beams toward each other and to merge them into a single final beam. 1 ref., 3 figs.

Acoustic spectral analysis of three tornadoes

Three sound recordings of tornadoes have been analyzed over the frequency interval between 100 and 2000 Hz. The low-frequency analysis was limited by the spectral response of the microphones, and the upper limit was imposed both by the microphone response and the low signal level. Although the recordings are of low quality and the audio information required major spectral corrections, the data do indicate that the recorded audio emissions from the tornadoes decrease in intensity as a function of increasing frequency. An attempt has been made to correlate the spectra with real (and conjecture) physical properties of the tornadoes. It is clear to us from our objective analysis (and the more difficult subjective evaluation of the recordings) that audible identification of tornadoes is possible, and a study of tornadic sounds might provide a new tool for gaining insight into electrical and mechanical disturbances within a tornado's funnel system. Study of the change in intensity of the sounds emitted by the approaching Guin storm at both high and low frequencies suggests that noises generated by the high speed winds of the tornado cyclone as it scours the ground can be discerned from noises associated with the winds and/or electrical discharges aloft.

Gross anatomy of the vitreous body (author's transl)

The anatomical arrangement of vitreous structures in human and animal eyes is described on the basis of coinciding findings of histological examinations, biomicroscopy and the "optical dissection" of unfixed vitreous specimens. The "funnel" of the primary vascular vitreous disappears completely during development. The vitreous cavity is filled with secondary vitreous. Its structure in nearly homogeneous, containing "holes" of low density at all sites where the structure of a normal inner retinal surface is altered. During postnatal development the secondary vitreous forms a new funnel system, consisting of zones of different density and of membranelles (vitreous tracts). Before completion of this funnel system, destruction of the vitreous gel begins and confuses the typical arrangement. Postnatal vitreous structures include: zones of different density: preretinal zone, intermediary zone, retrolental zone; holes (of low density): prepapillary hole, prefoveal hole, prevascular fissures, vitreous tracts (of high density): preretinal tract, median tract, coronary tract, retrolental tract ("hyaloid" tract). The pattern of the "holes" strongly suggests that the framework is formed by retinal elements.

Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict1

Excerpts from 1941 lectures by Ruth Benedict call attention to the correlation between social structure and character structure, especially aggressiveness. Social orders characterized by high or low synergy, by a syphon or a funnel system of economic distribution, are compared for their different capacities to support or humiliate the individual, render him secure or anxious, or to minimize or maximize aggression. Religion, an institution in which people apotheosize the cooperation or aggression their cultural life arouses, differs between societies with high and low synergy.

Use of an electromagnetic flowmeter for urine flow measurements.

The measurement of instantaneous urinary flow has been a technical problem in studies of the dynamics of the urinary bladder. In this investigation, the adaptation of an electromagnetic flowmeter has proved to be useful in measuring the instantaneous flow of urine. The probe of this instrument was either connected directly to the subject by means of an adapter or it was placed in series with a funnel system which did not require contiguity with the subject. It is concluded that both the direct and the funnel procedures are suitable for the monitoring of instantaneous urine flow, the latter being particularly practical in the determination of peak flows during micturition. Submitted on September 5, 1962