SUMMARY This paper records 10 taxa of the genus Rosellinia from India, viz.: R. aquila, R. thelena, R. himalayensis, R. apiculata var. macrospora, R. corticium, R. sublimbata, R. indica, R. thindii, R. mammiformis and R. medullaris. In addition to the morphology of the stromata, anatomy is also described for each species. A key to the taxa included is given. Of these R. himalayensis, R. indica and R. thindii are described as new species, R. apiculata var. macrospora as a new variety. The remaining six species are new records for India. De Notaris (1844) described the genus Rosellinia (Xylariaceae, Sphaeriales), based on Sphaeria aquila Fr. Subsequently several pyrenomycetes with globose ascocarps, with or without well-developed stroma, were included in the genus. Saccardo (1882) divided the genus into 10 subgenera based mainly upon the features of perithecia and subiculum. Miller (1928) for the first time showed the presence of a definite stroma around the perithecium in species of Rosellinia and considered them close to species of Hypoxylon. Martin (1967) suggested also that there were close affinities of species of Rosellinia with Miller's section Primocinerea of Hypoxylon. Martin proposed a new section, Entoleuca in the genus Hypoxylon, embracing species of Rosellinia, species of section Primocinerea of Hypoxylon, and a few other species of different groups. We have treated Rosellinia and Hypoxylon as separate genera following Dennis (1968) and Mfiller and Arx (1973). Rosellinia was previously represented in by 13 species. None was reported from the northwestern Himalayas except for two incompletely known species, R. andurensis Ces. & de Not. and R. bonaerensis Speg. These two species are listed in the Fungi of India by Butler and Bisby (1931), and are stated to be reported from Dehradun and Nainital respectively. The original material of both these collec