Funeral Ceremonies Research Articles

Szakrális kéziratok szövegeinek szimbolikája

Symbols have always been an integral and permanent part of our poetry. Although their presence may be fading, they will never completely disappear. Symbols simultaneously influence both our conscious and subconscious thought, providing interpretive variations to encode meaning. A single word can often encapsulate an entire existential feeling that we might not be able to express or describe more clearly and emotionally, even with the help of a paraphrase. Of course, there are times when our emotional or even social circumstances prevent us from making specific declarations, manifestations. This study examines the textual symbolism of a sanctified manuscript collected in Solovka, a village located in Transcarpathia. The research’s mentioned source area is a settlement that has received little attention in the academic literature. The study offers insight into the traditional spirit that is still evident in the religious communities of the settlement today. It provides an opportunity for a deeper, reinterpreted understanding of the texts preserved by the community and their significance. We are working at the intersection of folklore and literature. The study reveals, among other things, that there is a strong connection between the two areas. During the analysis a number of symbols were identified that carry deeper meanings, especially in natural images. We dealt separately with the meanings of the flower, the tree, the torch, the seasons and the coffin. As an example, we compared the works of lyric poets with “folk writings”, focusing on the use of symbols. During the examination of texts intended for analysis, a clear parallel between ethnography and literature became evident. This connection was demonstrated through a comparison of certain literary works, poems and texts of folk manuscripts. Poets such as Friedrich Schiller, János Arany, Endre Ady, Dezső Kosztolányi, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz, and Sándor Weöres were quoted. The study also includes comparisons of the symbolism found in texts of wedding and funeral ceremonies. Despite the significant emotional distance between these stages of human life, text analysis suggests many similarities.

Kedudukan Ine Ame dalam Upacara Adat Pemakaman di Desa Bareng Kecamatan Buyasuri Kabupaten Lembata: Studi Fenomenalogi dan Hukum Islam

The traditional funeral ceremony involving ine ame is a funeral system that is still maintained and preserved. funeral system that is still maintained and continues to be preserved. In connection with this, the actions taken are real actions that are a form of respect for the deceased and his family. In Islamic law, the funeral process has been properly regulated such as informing the news of grief, bathing, shrouding, praying, burying. This research is an attempt to find out more about the traditional funeral ceremony found in the kedang community in bareng village, buyasuri sub-district, lembata district. This research uses a field research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. this research produces (1). The implementation process begins with informing the Ine Ame party, negotiating the ine ame party, luggage or kahalar, discussing customary fines such as Ote', belis, the attitude of the family, and finally reciprocity in the form of Atabelake. (2). The view of Islamic law regarding traditional funeral ceremonies This is a form of ceremony that can be said to be contrary to the provisions of Islamic law. Thus, it can be concluded that the traditional funeral ceremony in village of bareng, buyasuri sub-district, lembata district is contrary to Islamic law.

AUMENTO DO USO DE ANSIOLÍTICOS APÓS A PANDEMIA – REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Introduction: Anxiety disorders are significant areas of research due to the high incidence of anxiety being diagnosed in the population, leading to temporary or permanent disability. Investigations conducted on the mental health of Brazilian residents during the COVID-19 outbreak indicate an increase in diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and stress. The deterioration of mental well-being was influenced by multiple factors, including the absence of proper funeral ceremonies, the escalation of unemployment, and the decline in financial capacity, which heightened tension and anguish among those needing a source of income to support their families. This scenario significantly contributed to the increase in the use of anxiolytics, as many individuals resorted to these medications as a form of immediate relief for the symptoms of anxiety and stress exacerbated by the pandemic, highlighting the need for a broader and more integrated approach to mental health treatment in the current context. Objectives: To analyze the increase in the use of anxiolytics after the COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for public health. Methodology: This study is structured as a literature review, aiming to compile and analyze existing information on the topic. Additionally, the research is exploratory and descriptive, with the objective of mapping existing knowledge on the subject and outlining its nuances. The platforms Scielo, Portal de Periódicos CAPES, and Medline were used. The period considered was from 2018 to 2023, with texts fully available online, in Portuguese. Results: The results indicate a significant increase in the use of anxiolytics during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among more vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and people with pre-existing health conditions. The use of medications like Alprazolam increased by 35% in 2020, reflecting the intensification of anxiety in the population. Conclusion: The pandemic exposed the fragility of mental health systems, highlighting the need for public policies that combine pharmacological treatment with continuous support. Future research is essential to monitor the long-term effects of anxiolytic use in the post-pandemic period.

Does Meaning-Making Mediate COVID-19 Restrictions' Impact on Grief and Psychological Symptoms?

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed substantial restrictions on funeral ceremonies, profoundly affecting grief experiences. This study investigated the mediating role of meaning-making in the relationship between these restrictions and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms, anxiety, depression, and trauma. A longitudinal study involving 141 bereaved individuals was conducted, with assessments at two time points: 3-6months (T1) and 9-12months (T2) post-loss. Structural equation modeling revealed that the psychological impact of restrictions on death and funeral ceremonies had indirect effects on anxiety and prolonged grief symptoms through meaning-making, particularly the footing in the world subscale. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex interplay between pandemic-related restrictions and grief experiences, emphasizing the pivotal role of meaning-making in adapting to loss during those challenging times.

From an Engraving to a Virtual Reconstruction: The 3D Modelling of Maria Amalia of Saxony's Funerary Ceremony in the Cathedral of Barcelona (1761)

This article discusses a virtual reconstruction of the catafalque and the ephemeral decorations created for the funeral of Maria Amalia of Saxony in the Cathedral of Barcelona in 1761. A combination of a historical-artistic approach and a variety of 3D modelling techniques has made it possible to recreate an ephemeral piece of architecture that, being constructed only for the funerary ceremony, has not lasted over time, such that the work presented here constitutes a novel strategy to promote a better understanding of another element of our cultural legacy.

The Language of Grief: The Role of Conceptual Metaphors in Family Tributes of Ghanaian Funeral Ceremonies

Abstract This paper investigates the role of conceptual metaphors in the expression of grief by bereaved families during Ghanaian funeral ceremonies. Grief is a universal and inevitable response to loss or the anticipation of it, yet its manifestation varies among different cultures and individuals. In Ghanaian funeral ceremonies, tributes hold significant importance as they provide a platform for family members to publicly convey their emotions and memories associated with the deceased. Tribute texts gathered from twenty funeral brochures were analysed using the Pragglejaz Group’s Metaphor Identification Procedure (mip). The analysis revealed the utilisation of twelve distinct conceptual metaphors related to life and death, marriage, and memories and emotions. Two image metaphors about the deceased were also identified. The analysis reveals that families employ conceptual and image metaphors – to offer consolation, provide encouragement, express appreciation for the deceased’s life, engage in reminiscence, honour and celebrate the departed souls.

Naruszenie dobra osobistego w postaci kultu pamięci osoby najbliższej wskutek pomylenia zwłok – omówienie wyroku Sądu Rejonowego w Toruniu z 22 maja 2019 r., sygn. akt I C 2277/18

This study concerns civil case in which an employee of the mortuary mistook the body given to the funeral home. The mistake was noticed by the member of the deceased family and the churchwarden just before the funeral ceremony began. As a result, the plaintiff felt a number of negative emotions like shame and shock. She felt responsible for the mistake and was afraid, if the „right” body which belonged to her beloved uncle had not been buried or cremated in the meantime. Because the deceased was considered the oldest Pole and the oldest veteran, many people were interested in his funeral, including the media and representatives of the Polish army. They were asking the plaintiff about the reason for the lack of her uncle’s body which increased her pain. After about an hour’s delay, the “right” body was brought to the ceremony. The situation was reported in the press, television and the Internet. In result, the plaintiff demanded payment of redress by the defendant hospital on the basis of infringement of personal interest in the form of cult of the memory of dearly departed. The allegations of the lawsuit were mostly supported by the evidence. The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff stating that her personal right had been violated and – in consequence – awarded pecuniary redress.

Transliteration in Selected Nigerian Novels and The Discourse in Traditional Ceremonies in Urhobo And Ukwani

The study investigates the use and importance of transliteration in selected Nigerian novels as well as the discourse in traditional ceremonies such as marriage and funeral in Urhobo and Ukwuani in Delta State. Unlike in literary works where some works have been done in transliteration, none has been carried out on the English used in traditional ceremonies. Even in literary works, studies on transliteration are mostly aimed at how English is "domesticated" to reflect African culture. None of the studies has actually specified what aspects of African culture each transliterated expression reflects. Owing to this gap in literature, this work aims at providing a socio-linguistic explanations for the special linguistic choices made in Achebe's Arrow of God, Anthills of the Savannah, Chimamanda Ngozi, Adichie's Purple Hibiscus and in traditional ceremonies. The theoritical framework adopted for the study is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of communication accomodation, which attempts to explain the relationship between language and the interpretation of social reality. Data were sourced from the novels and the speeches of spokesmen in marriage and funeral ceremonies of heterogeneous nature and were analysed through descriptive method. The following research questions guided the analysis: i. Are there defining characteristics that determine the English used in the novels and the traditional ceremonies? ii. Are there similarities between the language used in the novels and the ones used in the traditional ceremonies? iii. Is the variety of English used relevant to African culture? iv. What specific aspects of African culture do the linguistic choices made reflect? The findings from the study show that the expressions identified reflect and promote African culture. The findings also show that there are similarities between the language of the novels and that of traditional ceremonies.

Musical enchantment. Affective pragmatics and the making of intersubjective grief in lăutari funeral performance

This paper contributes to the expanding body of ltierature on affective performance by examining, from a semiotic perspective, the role of live musicians (lăutari) in the expression and shaping of grief during funeral ceremonies among members of the Roma in Romania. By conducting de detailed analysis of two funeral performances by Florin Salam, drawn from publicly available sources, this study illustrates how musicians utilize lyrical content with inherent affective potency, and exploit sound iconicity to imbue their vocal communication with emotional resonance. Additionally, the paper explores the use of various forms of pronominal deictic ambiguity by musicians, enabling them to indirectly engage either the entire audience or specific individuals. I show how the pragmatic function of the verbal and non-verbal strategies employed by performers is to transform the affective potentiality of a funeral event into actualized emotions. Furthermore, I emphasize the influence of local social aesthetics on both the actions of musicians and the modes through which participants articulate their emotions. Ultimately, I argue that the emotional impact of an affectively charged performance emerges from a confluence of factors, including vocal technique, discursive practices, musical instrumentation, and social dynamics. This paper contributes to the expanding body of ltierature on affective performance by examining, from a semiotic perspective, the role of live musicians (lăutari) in the expression and shaping of grief during funeral ceremonies among members of the Roma in Romania. By conducting de detailed analysis of two funeral performances by Florin Salam, drawn from publicly available sources, this study illustrates how musicians utilize lyrical content with inherent affective potency, and exploit sound iconicity to imbue their vocal communication with emotional resonance. Additionally, the paper explores the use of various forms of pronominal deictic ambiguity by musicians, enabling them to indirectly engage either the entire audience or specific individuals. I show how the pragmatic function of the verbal and non-verbal strategies employed by performers is to transform the affective potentiality of a funeral event into actualized emotions. Furthermore, I emphasize the influence of local social aesthetics on both the actions of musicians and the modes through which participants articulate their emotions. Ultimately, I argue that the emotional impact of an affectively charged performance emerges from a confluence of factors, including vocal technique, discursive practices, musical instrumentation, and social dynamics

Christian and Indigenous: Multiple “Religions” in Contemporary Toraja Funerals

The theoretical framework of “religion” is problematic, especially in studying non-Western realities. In the field, I often encountered its Indonesian and Toraja most common equivalents—agama and aluk. There were also categories assigned to the realm of “culture” rather than “religion”. Toraja funeral ceremonies, which originated from the indigenous religion and became predominantly Christianized, are defined in religious and/or cultural categories. How do these related categories manifest in the utterances of the ritual actors of Toraja funerals? This article is based primarily on interviews; it refers to statements from 34 purposively chosen research participants. The attitudes towards the Toraja funeral tradition vary based on religious affiliation. The lines between different perspectives and categorization characteristics of Christianities and the minority indigenous religion are blurred but distinguishable.

Działalność Zgromadzenia Sióstr Karmelitanek Dzieciątka Jezus w ostatnim okresie życia m. Teresy Kierocińskiej (1945–1946)

The last period of Mother Teresa Kierocińska’s life was a difficult time for Poland, marked by chaos and instability. The years 1945–1946 were at the same time a period of intensive ministry of the Foundress of the Congregation as Superior General. After the end of hostilities, Mother Teresa and her sisters immediately joined the new tasks of the Church and responded to the needs of their surroundings.The congregation had to take urgent care of the premises for its activities. The sisters in Wolbrom were in a particularly difficult situation, being deprived of their own dwelling. In a short time, the Carmelite Sisters renovated the building assigned to them, at the same time carrying out care and educational activities. They ran two kindergartens and courses for girls. The work of the sisters in Polanka Wielka also required new organisation. There, within a few months, a semi-public chapel and rooms for a kindergarten were erected using the planks of a former German barrack. Between 1945 and 1946, work was carried out to adapt the building in Sosnowiec, where the various sectors of the educational establishment were located. In addition, care was taken to allocate an abandoned building in Wiejska Street to the state authorities for the purposes of an orphanage.Since 1945, in all Carmelite institutions of the Child Jesus, a wide range of apostolic activities have been resumed, including kindergartens, tailoring and embroidery courses, religious instruction, charitable services, and nursing. A retreat house in Czerna was resumed. The development of activities was accompanied by Mother Kierocińska’s concern for the spiritual development of the congregation. Mother Teresa took care of the formation of the professed sisters, as well as of the numerous group of candidates she accepted into the religious community. She was keen to deepen Carmelite spirituality and to ensure that the sisters were guided by the Discalced Carmelites. The new situation allowed for regular visits from the Carmelite fathers with the ministry of retreatants and confessors.At the beginning of July 1946, m. Teresa fell ill with peritonitis and, after suffering for several days, passed to eternity on 12 July 1946 in the presence of the sisters. This was shortly before the scheduled General Chapter at which she was to resign as Superior General. The funeral ceremony took place on 15 July and was presided over by Bishop Stanisław Czajka. After the Holy Mass celebrated in the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Sosnowiec, a numerous funeral procession with the body of the deceased went to the cemetery in Józef Mirecki Avenue. The funeral became a real manifestation of the population who wanted to honor the “Mother of Workers and Zagłębie”.

The Requiem of Taidam Ethnic Group

The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern of using spoken words and life styles of Taidam ethnic group through the requiem. The sample of the study includes 485 words and 147 texts in the requiem of Taidam ethnic group. The study is analyzed by qualitative method under the concept of Jaralvilai CHARUNROCHANA, Souk XAIYALEUD, Phonesiri OUTHAIVANH and faculty, Onekeo NUANNAVONG and faculty, KhamhoungSANMANI, and Houmphanh RATTANAVONG. The results of the study has found that in the patterns of using words there were 7 patterns; such as, there were the majority of 14 duplicated words; 49 overlapping words 119 hyponymy 17 polysemy words, In addition, it is found that there are 286 dialect words, among those, there are 67 words used in the religious requiem; there are 35 antonym words that have 18 pairs of words; and there are 97 group of words that have 12 words of head word group and 87 words of sub word group.For life style, such as belief, Taidam ethnic group believes in the spirit or ghost such as the spirit of house, the protected spirit at bath river bank, the protected ghost at the ghost district gate, Maebao sipirit, a deity or spirit of heaven, mermaid, and soul of beginning and ending. Furthermore, Taidam ethnic group has yet believed in the prediction of being reborn of the dead’s spirit. The tradition of Taidam still includes prediction of ghost, funeral ceremony, Baci ceremony, prohibitive practice, shelf of ghost by family. Sending off the spirit has three shelves including sending to Damdoi, sending Lienparnnoy and sending to Lienparnluang

Cultural Representation of Babukung Dance Funeral Ceremony Ritual of The Dayak Tomun Tribe as a Media for Character Building through Local Wisdom

Cultural Representation of Babukung Dance Funeral Ceremony Ritual of The Dayak Tomun Tribe as a Media for Character Building through Local Wisdom

Pesaguan Dayak Kanjan Serayong Custom: The Relationship between Catholic Faith and Culture

Integrating Catholicism and Kanjan Serayong culture within the Pesaguan Dayak community exemplifies the dynamic interplay between religious and cultural rituals, particularly in funeral ceremonies, fostering communal solidarity and cultural resilience through a seamless blend of traditional and Catholic practices. This research aims to elucidate how these cultural and religious elements coexist and reinforce each other within the community. Employing qualitative methods, the study includes interviews with three Pesaguan Dayak Indigenous Leaders and informants, participant observations, and literature analysis guided by Victor Turner's theory of ritual structure. The findings highlight that both Catholicism and Kanjan Serayong culture places a strong emphasis on rituals, particularly funeral ceremonies, which are central to honoring the deceased and fostering communal solidarity. The study reveals a profound respect for sacred traditions and cultural heritage, showing that rituals reflect a seamless blend of Catholic and indigenous practices, indicative of cultural adaptation and resilience. This research underscores the need for further studies on cultural inculturation within Indigenous communities, comparative analyses across different cultural contexts, and interdisciplinary collaborations to enhance the understanding of Indigenous spirituality and cultural heritage preservation. Additionally, this study recommends involving local communities in the research process to promote mutual learning and effective cultural preservation strategies.

Ostatnie pożegnanie w starożytnej Grecji. Przebieg ceremoniału pogrzebowego według satyry Lukiana z Samosat O opłakiwaniu umarłych

In ancient Greece, funeral ceremony was closely linked to the belief in life aſter death and was of great importance to the deceased and his loved ones. Religion, law and social conditions influenced funeral arrangements that eliminated the threat of contagion and were crucial to inheritance rights. Legal regulations included the number of participants in the ceremony and public displays of grief to temper emotions. In his satire, Lucian of Samosata mockingly described the details of Greek funeral ceremonies, while highlighting their problems and links to ancient Greek culture and tradition.

Study on the Structuring of Music for Buddhist Folk Funeral Rituals in Bijie

I think I have made an in-depth study of folk Buddhist funeral ceremony music in Bijie area, which aims to explore the origin, development, evolution of folk Buddhist funeral ceremony music in Bijie area, as well as its position and role in society and culture, and education. This study adopts a variety of research methods such as field survey, literature study, and music analysis. A large amount of musical materials were collected through field surveys and recordings of different folk Buddhist funeral ceremony music in the Bijie area. Relevant historical documents, folklore and oral history materials were also sorted out and analyzed to understand the historical origin and cultural background of funeral ceremony music. The results of the study show that the folk Buddhist funeral ceremony music in the Bijie area has a long history and a unique style. These musical compositions usually consist of elements such as Buddhist scriptures, mantras, Buddhist music and folk music, forming a unique musical form. In funeral ceremonies, these musical compositions are used to pay homage to the deceased, transcend the spirits of the dead, and protect the living, etc., and they have both religious ceremonial and social functions (ethics and morals, Buddhist education, and rituals). In addition, the study also found that folk Buddhist funeral ritual music in the Bijie area was influenced by a variety of factors during its evolution, such as regional culture, religious sects, and social change. With the development and change of society, the funeral ceremony music also evolved and innovated, gradually forming unique local characteristics. In general, the music of BiJie folk Buddhist funeral rituals is characterized by its solemnity, solemnity, sadness, and mourning, and adds a unique atmosphere to the funeral rituals through various forms of Buddhist scripture recitation, gatha and music performance, so that people are more able to feel the presentation of cultural phenomena such as memorialization and prayers for the deceased, and expectations and teachings for the living, and so on. It reveals the historical origin, cultural background and evolution process of the music of Bijie folk Buddhist funeral ceremony, and provides theoretical and practical guidance for the protection and inheritance of this unique music culture.

Use of Kurdish poem, melody and songs in funeral and condolence ceremonies

This investigation concentrates on the role and use of poem, melody and songs in the funeral ceremonies, through a critical scientific presentation and study based on historical aspects. By comparing and showing the positive and negative aspects of the art of singing in the condolence, through three main themes and several branches such as: The first content: Giving of the problem, importance and objectives of the research, identification of the scope of the research and definition of concepts. The second content: It is about presenting the content of the research and identifying the titles of the research which includes the following: Start with a historical look at poetic melody and texts in the condolence ceremonies (Shiwan, Shin and Lawanawa). To determine the origin and extent of the phenomenon through the Kurdish nation. Then, through the analysis of the concepts and definitions of music, poem, Shin, Lawanawa and Shiwan. We have presented the structure and methods of performing these customs, traditions and cultures. After this, identified the forms of this ceremony by giving examples of (Cotal and Chamari). Through the manner in which actions are taken on funerals. At the end of this section, commenced to compare and importance these people. We have briefly discussed Shin and Lawanawa and its practice by Christians. In the third content, presented some of the results of our research, with some suggestions and recommendations for other collaborator and researchers in the field of art in general, song and music in particular, as a clarification for encouraging and conducting similar research.

Rhyta and kernoi from the Domasław cemetery: The idea of offerings in the Hallstatt period

Unique ceremonial vessels such as rhyta, kernoi and pseudokernoi were discovered in a cemetery from the Early Iron Age in Domasław (Poland). The appearance of such vessels proves that the societies of the Hallstatt culture adopted cultural ideas, feasting and drinking practises and offerings from the Mediterranean world. GC-MS analyses were carried out on five vessels and compared with pottery from the Domasław cemetery (74 samples) and the nearby settlement of Milejowice (46 samples). The investigations show that the examined vessels probably contained ceremonial drinks and liquids used for offerings and libations during funeral ceremonies.

Posthumous Veneration of King Leonidas in Sparta

This article examines several narratives about the posthumous veneration of King Leonidas in Sparta. The details of the funeral ceremony held for him are analyzed. Leonidas was the only ruler to be commemorated with three tombstones and three funerals, all in different locations. These unprecedented honors emphasized the exceptional importance attributed to Leonidas by the Spartan authorities. They affirmed his commanding role in strengthening Sparta’s reputation as the leader of the Greek resistance. Leonidas’ recognition and the annual holiday in his honor were fundamental in shaping the mentality of the Spartan citizens. He and the three hundred Spartans who perished with him at Thermopylae embodied the ideal of a noble death in defense of the homeland and showed the Spartans that they were expected to either triumph over the enemy or meet their fate. This concept became ingrained in the ideology of the Spartiates. The intrigue surrounding the transfer of Leonidas’ remains from Thermopylae to Sparta is discussed. Due to a gap in Pausanias’ text, the identity of those responsible for this action and its timing are still unknown. The speculation is fueled by the discrepancy between the name and date provided in the manuscript. Here, several different options to fill the gap are considered. Out of all the options, the one that involves the least amount of intervention, i.e., simply replacing one digit in the manuscript, stands out.

Mediatisation, the Ambivalent Preservation of Cultural Tradition, and the Appeal of Luxurious Death in Toraja, Indonesia: Social Media Depictions of Rambu Solo in a Digital Age

ABSTRACT This article analyses how and why, in the digital age of interconnectivity, the Toraja funeral ceremony known as Rambu Solo (or ‘descending smoke’) has become increasingly mediatised. Prominently featured on Instagram and Facebook, Toraja content creators emphasise its luxury over its cultural values, epitomising the contemporary mediatisation of ceremonial practices. By depicting it so elaborately, these creators may inadvertently reinforce the perception of a luxurious funeral as an obligation for all social classes in Toraja, potentially leading to significant and enduring socioeconomic implications for individuals and the broader Toraja community. By demonstrating how content creators exploit social media to commodify public fascination with the distinctive Rambu Solo ceremony for economic and political gain, this article challenges the assumption of both Indonesian and Western scholars that the exposure of traditions on social media invariably supports cultural preservation. Instead, it reveals complex dynamics whereby the intersection of mediatisation and social media can simultaneously act as agents of both cultural commodification and redefinition. These findings offer a new perspective in this field, highlighting its ambivalence and prompting a re-evaluation of how we perceive the preservation and promotion of cultural tradition in the age of social media’s transformative power.