Ocular Fundus Research Articles

Application Effect of Nursing Procedure in the Overall Nursing of Ocular Fundus Disease and Effect Analysis of Improving Cognition

Application Effect of Nursing Procedure in the Overall Nursing of Ocular Fundus Disease and Effect Analysis of Improving Cognition

Prognosis value of Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society classification for proliferative diabetic retinopathy on postoperative visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy in type 2 diabetes.

To compare the postoperative visual acuity among eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) of different stages after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in type 2 diabetic patients. A retrospective study was conducted for PDR eyes undergoing PPV in type 2 diabetic patients. All patients were divided into three groups based on Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society (COFDS) classification for PDR: Group A (primary vitreous hemorrhage), Group B (primary fibrovascular proliferation) and Group C (primary vitreous hemorrhage and/or fibrovascular proliferative combined with retinal detachment). The postoperative visual acuity and the change between postoperative and preoperative visual acuity were compared among three groups. The associated risk factors for postoperative visual acuity were analyzed in the univariate and multiple linear aggression. In total, 195 eyes of 195 patients were collected in this study, including 71 eyes of 71 patients in Group A, 75 eyes of 75 patients in Group B and 49 eyes of 49 patients in Group C. The eyes in Group A got better postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) compared to the eyes in Group B and C (0.48±0.48 vs 0.89±0.63, P<0.001; 0.48±0.48 vs 1.04±0.67, P<0.001; respectively). The eyes in Group A got more improvement of BCVA compared to the eyes in Group B and C (1.07±0.70 vs 0.73±0.68, P=0.004; 1.07±0.70 vs 0.77±0.78, P=0.024; respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis, primary fibro-proliferative type (β=0.194, 95%CI=0.060-0.447, P=0.01), retinal detachment type (β=0.244, 95%CI=0.132-0.579, P=0.02), baseline logMAR BCVA (β=0.192, 95%CI=0.068-0.345, P=0.004), silicone oil tamponade (β=0.272, 95%CI=0.173-0.528, P<0.001) was positively correlated with postoperative logMAR BCVA. Eyes undergoing phacovitrectomy had better postoperative BCVA (β=-0.144, 95%CI=-0.389 to -0.027, P=0.025). PDR eyes of primary vitreous hemorrhage type usually have better visual acuity prognosis compared to primary fibrovascular proliferation type and retinal detachment type. COFDS classification for PDR may have a high prognostic value for postoperative visual outcome and surgical management indications.

AMD-Net: Automatic subretinal fluid and hemorrhage segmentation for wet age-related macular degeneration in ocular fundus images

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, progressively degenerative disorder of the macular. Wet AMD is responsible for 80 to 90 percent of all AMD-related blindness. Nowadays, ophthalmologists can diagnose wet AMD based on subretinal fluid and hemorrhage in ocular fundus images. However, this diagnosis process is time-consuming and influenced by subjective factors. Deep learning methods have achieved significant improvements for segmentation tasks in the retinal image, but only a few studies have focused on the subretinal fluid and hemorrhage lesion segmentation of wet AMD. This paper proposed AMD-Net, a novel U-Net architecture, which can segment the subretinal fluid and hemorrhage lesions of the wet AMD in ocular fundus images. The proposed AMD-Net consists of three components: encoder feature fusion unit (EFFU), skip connection block (SKB), and decoder attention block (DAB). The AMD-Net adopts the EFFU to extract and fuse the multi-scale features. And with the attention module, the EFFU can assign a higher weight for discriminative features. To reduce the semantic gap between the encoder features and decoder features, the AMD-Net designs an SKB. Furthermore, the AMD-Net introduces a DAB, a new module based on the UNet 3+ decoder, designed to leverage the local context information and enhance the contribution of high-level semantic features in tiny regions segmentation. We evaluate the proposed method on a private dataset collected by ourselves. Our model achieves 67.18% subretinal fluid Dice, 66.51% hemorrhage Dice, and 77.07% average Dice on this dataset. The experimental results indicate that our proposed AMD-Net is superior to the state-of-the-art deep learning methods.

Ophthalmologic problems correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

ObjectiveVisual impairment is a common non-motor symptom (NMS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its implications for cognitive impairment remain controversial. We wished to survey the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese Parkinson's patients based on the Visual Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (VIPD-Q), identify the pathogens that lead to visual impairment, and develop a predictive model for cognitive impairment risk in Parkinson's based on ophthalmic parameters.MethodsA total of 205 patients with Parkinson's disease and 200 age-matched controls completed the VIPD-Q and underwent neuro-ophthalmologic examinations, including ocular fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. We conducted nomogram analysis and the predictive model was summarized using the multivariate logistic and LASSO regression and verified via bootstrap validation.ResultsOne or more ophthalmologic symptoms were present in 57% of patients with Parkinson's disease, compared with 14% of the controls (χ2-test; p < 0.001). The visual impairment questionnaire showed good sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.918, p < 0.001) and a strong correlation with MoCA scores (Pearson r = −0.4652, p < 0.001). Comparing visual impairment scores between pre- and post-deep brain stimulation groups showed that DBS improved visual function (U-test, p < 0.001). The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and vessel percentage area predicted cognitive impairment in PD.InterpretationThe study findings provide novel mechanistic insights into visual impairment and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. The results inform an effective tool for predicting cognitive deterioration in Parkinson's based on ophthalmic parameters.

LOCTseg: A lightweight fully convolutional network for end-to-end optical coherence tomography segmentation

This article presents a novel end-to-end automatic solution for semantic segmentation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. OCT is a non-invasive imaging technology widely used in clinical practice due to its ability to acquire high-resolution cross-sectional images of the ocular fundus. Due to the large variability of the retinal structures, OCT segmentation is usually carried out manually and requires expert knowledge. This study introduces a novel fully convolutional network (FCN) architecture designated by LOCTSeg, for end-to-end automatic segmentation of diagnostic markers in OCT b-scans. LOCTSeg is a lightweight deep FCN optimized for balancing performance and efficiency. Unlike state-of-the-art FCNs used in image segmentation, LOCTSeg achieves competitive inference speed without sacrificing segmentation accuracy. The proposed LOCTSeg is evaluated on two publicly available benchmarking datasets: (1) annotated retinal OCT image database (AROI) comprising 1136 images, and (2) healthy controls and multiple sclerosis lesions (HCMS) consisting of 1715 images. Moreover, we evaluated the proposed LOCTSeg with a private dataset of 250 OCT b-scans acquired from epiretinal membrane (ERM) and healthy patients. Results of the evaluation demonstrate empirically the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which improves the state-of-the-art Dice score from 69% to 73% and from 91% to 92% on AROI and HCMS datasets, respectively. Furthermore, LOCTSeg outperforms comparable lightweight FCNs’ Dice score by margins between 4% and 15% on ERM segmentation.

Casey Albert Wood and The fundus oculi of birds (1917)

Casey Albert Wood’s The fundus oculi of birds, published in 1917, was the culmination of his decade-long study of the eyes of about a hundred bird species across the avian phylogeny. Wood was a professional ophthalmologist who, during his spare time, was drawn to the study of birds’ eyes because of their exceptional visual acuity. His stated goal was to inform taxonomy but that turned out to be pointless. With the assistance of an artist, Arthur William Head, Wood described and illustrated in colour the retina in these birds, with particular attention to the number, size, structure, and position of the pecten. Since the function and evolution of the avian pecten is still poorly known, Wood’s book continues to provide a useful point of departure for the study of birds’ eyes.

Role of Prostaglandins in Nitric Oxide-Induced Glial Cell-Mediated Vasodilation in Rat Retina.

We previously identified that NO derived from neuronal cells acts on glial cells and causes vasodilation in the healthy rat retina via the release of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and prostaglandins (PGs) by activation of the arachidonic acid cascade. However, it is not clear which PG types are involved in these responses. The aim of the present study was to identify prostanoid receptors involved in glial cell-derived vasodilation induced by NO in rat retina. Male Wistar rats were used to examine the effects of intravitreal pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; PF-04418948, a prostanoid EP2 receptor antagonist; and CAY10441, a prostanoid IP receptor antagonist, on the changes in the retinal arteriolar diameter induced by intravitreal administration of NOR3, an NO donor. Retinal arteriolar diameters were measured using ocular fundus images captured with a high-resolution digital camera in vivo. The increase in the retinal arteriolar diameter induced by intravitreal injection of NOR3 was significantly suppressed by intravitreal pretreatment with indomethacin and PF-04418948, but not by CAY10441. The dose of PF-04418948 and CAY10441 injected intravitreally in the present study significantly reduced the increase in the retinal arteriolar diameter induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), respectively. These results suggest that activation of the arachidonic acid cascade and subsequent stimulation of prostanoid EP2 receptors are involved in rat retinal vasodilatory responses evoked by NO-induced glial cell stimulation. Therefore, glial cell-derived PGE2, similar to EETs, may play an important role in retinal vasodilatory mechanisms.

Leukocoria in Children: Findings on CT and MRI of the Principal Causes

Leukocoria is the result of an alteration in the normal red reflex of the ocular fundus, secondary to an obstruction of the normal passage of light to the fundus of the eye that produces a white light reflex. There are many ocular pathologies that can present as leukocoria, among which retinoblastoma is the most frequent. Other causes include cataracts, Coats disease, persistent fetal vasculature, coloboma, retinopathy of prematurity, vitreous hemorrhage, astrocytic hamartoma, and ocular toxocariasis. Although in many situations the diagnosis of these pathologies is clinical or possible with the use of ocular sonography, in certain circumstances, CT or MR imaging may play a very important role in the differential diagnosis. In this review article, we propose that findings such as ocular size, the presence of calcifications, intravenous contrast enhancement, MR imaging signal intensity, CT density, and other pathology-specific findings, along with some clinical data, will guide us to the cause of leukocoria. Knowledge of the most prevalent ages of presentation of these pathologies assists with establishing the final diagnosis.Learning Objectives: To understand why leukocoria occurs, to list the major causes of leukocoria in children, and to recognize the imaging findings of the most frequent causes of leukocoria and apply them in the differential diagnosis

Valérie Biousse: a leader in neuro-ophthalmology

Valérie Biousse: a leader in neuro-ophthalmology

Delayed regression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in TNFα-null mice.

We investigated the effects of lacking TNFα on the development and regression of Argon‐laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. We lasered ocular fundus for induction of CNV in both wild‐type (WT) and TNFα‐null (KO) mice. Fluorescence angiography was performed to examine the size of CNV lesions. Gene expression pattern of wound healing‐related components was examined. The effects of exogenous TNFα on apoptosis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and on the tube‐like structure of the cells were investigated in vitro. The results showed that Argon‐laser irradiation‐induced CNV was significantly larger in KO mice than WT mice on Day 21, but not at other timepoints. Lacking TNFα increased neutrophil population in the lesion. The distribution of cleaved caspase3‐labelled apoptotic cells was more frequently observed in the laser‐irradiated tissue in a WT mouse as compared with a KO mouse. Exogenous TNFα induced apoptosis of HRMECs and accelerated regression of tube‐like structure of HRMECs in cell culture. Taken together, TNFα gene knockout delays the regression of laser‐induced CNV in mice. The mechanism underlying the phenotype might include the augmentation of neutrophil population in the treated tissue and attenuation of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis.

Pigmentary Maculopathy in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Treated with Oral Pentosan Polysulfate: A Review

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a rare and chronic bladder condition. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is the only oral medication approved specifically for the management of IC/BPS. In 2018, Pearce et al. reported for the first time a unique pattern of ocular pigmentary maculopathy exclusively in IC/BPS patients following PPS exposure. This publication triggered several published studies, case reports, case series, and media reports claiming a link between PPS and pigmentary maculopathy; however, a clear interpretation of these data is still awaited and there are currently no prospective, well researched, confirmatory data available. The clinical presentation of pigmentary maculopathy is characterised by moderate visual impairments and macular hyperpigmented spots, yellow-orange deposits, and/or patchy retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. Most patients experiencing this ocular effect used high doses of PPS over an extended period, with risk of pigmentary maculopathy associated with PPS increasing with exposure. Studies that rule out prevalent retinal abnormalities are lacking. The cause of this particular maculopathy remains unclear and further research is required. The current data suggest that a median duration of 15 years of PPS exposure must elapse before pigmentary maculopathy is detected. Furthermore, no increased incidence of any type of maculopathy is found up to a median duration of 5 years of PPS use. Thus, in line with the current European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommendation, if patients respond to therapy and a decision is made to continue PPS for longer than 6 months, a fundoscopy with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence should be performed. In cases of no findings, the next eye examination should be after a further 5 years of PPS use; in cases of findings, continuation of the treatment should be re-evaluated by the urologist and monitored by yearly ocular fundus examinations. This review provides a framework for evidence-based treatment with PPS in patients with IC/BPS using appropriate monitoring and gives an overview of the current understanding and evidence of the association of PPS and a specific pigmentary maculopathy.

Management of Proptosis in a Case of Sphenoid-Orbital Meningioma

Sphenoid-orbital meningiomas (SOMs) are difficult to completely resect because they involve the sphenoid wing, orbit, and cavernous sinus. As the tumor invades the optic canal, SOMs frequently appear with visual deficits. The authors of this case report dealt with the case of a 65-year-old male patient who had right-sided proptosis. We diagnosed the patient, and his MRI revealed of having SOMs. The surgical approach was determined by the tumor’s placement in the orbit and cranial cavity and its connections to the optic canal and optic nerve axis. Surgical excision was used to successfully remove the SOM. The patient maintained a proptosis of less than 4 mm during the follow-up period. The visual acuity, visual field, and ocular fundus were examined during the optical follow-up. SOMs are notoriously difficult to treat surgically. The primary goal of surgery in symptomatic individuals with SOMs is to slow down the tumor’s progression. Longer periods of post-operative observation and follow-up are recommended to observe long-term advantages. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 145-149

Fundus Changes in the Offspring of Mothers With Confirmed Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy in French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, French West Indies

Most ocular lesions have been described for children with congenital Zika syndrome. The frequency of finding ocular abnormalities is unknown among children exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy. This study was conducted on newborns whose mothers were positive for ZIKV, confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. To report ocular fundus manifestations in newborns with congenital ZIKV exposure in French Guiana, Martinique, and Guadeloupe, French West Indies, to assess its prevalence. Risk factors, such as the presence of extraocular fetopathies and the gestational term at infection, were sought. This was a cross-sectional multicentric study, conducted from August 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019, for which data were collected prospectively. The study inception was at the beginning of 2016 from the onset of the ZIKV epidemic in the French West Indies. Newborns whose mothers tested positive (by RT-PCR) for ZIKV during pregnancy were included. Fundus examination was performed using widefield retinal imaging after pupil dilation. Infection date, delivery mode, and newborn measurements were collected. Anomalies of the vitreous, choroid, retina, and optic disc. A total of 330 children (mean [SD] age, 68 [IQR, 22-440] days; 170 girls [51.5%]) were included. Eleven children (3.3%) had perivascular retinal hemorrhages, and 3 (0.9%) had lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection: 1 child had torpedo maculopathy, 1 child had a chorioretinal scar with iris and lens coloboma, and 1 child had a chorioretinal scar. Retinal hemorrhages were found at childbirth during early screening. Lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection were not associated with the presence of extraocular fetopathy. Microcephaly was not associated with lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection (odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8-105.3; P = .08), but severe microcephaly was associated with an OR of 81 (95% CI, 5.1-1297.8; P = .002). Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the ocular anomalies found may be associated with ZIKV in 0.9% of the exposed population. Ocular lesions were rare, affected mostly the choroid and retina, and seemed to be associated with choroiditis-related scarring that developed during fetal growth.

Hotspots and trends in ophthalmology in recent 5 years: Bibliometric analysis in 2017-2021.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the hotspots and research trends of ophthalmology research.MethodOphthalmology research literature published between 2017 and 2021 was obtained in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The bibliometric analysis and network visualization were performed with the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Publication-related information, including publication volume, citation counts, countries, journals, keywords, subject categories, and publication time, was analyzed.ResultsA total of 10,469 included ophthalmology publications had been cited a total of 7,995 times during the past 5 years. The top countries and journals for the number of publications were the United States and the Ophthalmology. The top 25 global high-impact documents had been identified using the citation ranking. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the hotspots in ophthalmology research were epidemiological characteristics and treatment modalities of ocular diseases, artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology, COVID-19-related telemedicine, and screening and prevention of ocular diseases. Keyword burst analysis revealed that “neural network,” “pharmacokinetics,” “geographic atrophy,” “implementation,” “variability,” “adverse events,” “automated detection,” and “retinal images” were the research trends of research in the field of ophthalmology through 2021. The analysis of the subject categories demonstrated the close cooperation relationships that existed between different subject categories, and collaborations with non-ophthalmology-related subject categories were increasing over time in the field of ophthalmology research.ConclusionsThe hotspots in ophthalmology research were epidemiology, prevention, screening, and treatment of ocular diseases, as well as artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology and telemedicine. Research trends in ophthalmology research were artificial intelligence, drug development, and fundus diseases. Knowledge from non-ophthalmology fields is likely to be more involved in ophthalmology research.

The Implementation of Ocular Health Service System Using Android Platform

As the life expectancy of human increases, having a long and healthy life, Well-Aging, Wellness, and Anti-Aging become more important. There is a paradigm shift from diagnosis and treatment in the healthcare field to prognosis and prevention in daily life. The human part with the most capillary blood vessels is the inside of human eyes or the fundus oculi. These capillary blood vessels show characteristic changes prior to chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. In this study, a system is being developed to regularly collect data from the user, convert them into a database, and analyze to inform and warn any characteristic changes to users as they occur, such that users can proactively take care of their own eyes.

Prevalence of Eye Diseases among Primary and Secondary School Learners in Kabwe District - Zambia

Objective: To determine the pattern and magnitude of eye diseases among primary and secondary school learners in Kabwe District in Zambia.&#x0D; Method: A cross-sectional study of 41 primary and secondary schools in Kabwe District. The examination included visual acuity (VA) testing, cycloplegic retinoscopy with subjective refinement if indicated, ocular motility testing, anterior segment and fundus examinations m visually impaired children.&#x0D; Results: There was an estimated total of 32,971 learners who were eligible to participate of which a total of23,915 (72.5%) were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of eye diseases was 8.3%, with allergic conjunctivitis 5.7% followed by refractive error 1.5% and the least was pengicular disorder at 0.008%. None of those with refractive errors had an eye examination in the past. Glaucoma was diagnosed in three learners (0.01 %).&#x0D; Conclusion: The survey found a moderate prevalence of eye diseases among the learners in Kabwe District with allergic conjunctivitis being the most prevalent cause followed by exceptionally low prevalence of refractive errors.

Prevalence of Eye Diseases among Primary and Secondary School Learners in Kabwe District - Zambia

Objective: To determine the pattern and magnitude of eye diseases among primary and secondary school learners in Kabwe District in Zambia.&#x0D; Method: A cross-sectional study of 41 primary and secondary schools in Kabwe District. The examination included visual acuity (VA) testing, cycloplegic retinoscopy with subjective refinement if indicated, ocular motility testing, anterior segment and fundus examinations m visually impaired children.&#x0D; Results: There was an estimated total of 32,971 learners who were eligible to participate of which a total of23,915 (72.5%) were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of eye diseases was 8.3%, with allergic conjunctivitis 5.7% followed by refractive error 1.5% and the least was pengicular disorder at 0.008%. None of those with refractive errors had an eye examination in the past. Glaucoma was diagnosed in three learners (0.01 %).&#x0D; Conclusion: The survey found a moderate prevalence of eye diseases among the learners in Kabwe District with allergic conjunctivitis being the most prevalent cause followed by exceptionally low prevalence of refractive errors.

Does Vitamin- D Have A Relation to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Egyptian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients?

Objectives is to detect relation between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes (DM). Methods The study included total number of 90 subjects; 60 cases with type 2 DM and was divided into two groups; one with peripheral neuropathy, the other group without peripheral neuropathy and 30 healthy subjects as control. All the included cases were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination (general and neurological), ocular fundus examination and laboratory investigations including Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), assessment of serum level of vitamin D was conducted to all cases. All the included subjects were examined to assess the degree of presence or absence of retinopathy. Results We found that HbA1c and hsCRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein) level was statistically significantly higher in the T2DM with peripheral neuropathy group as compared with T2DM without peripheral neuropathy and control groups. The serum level of vitamin D was statistically significantly lower in those with peripheral neuropathy group in comparison to those without neuropathy and control groups. By multivariate regression analysis, DM duration, high values of HbA1c, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), hs-CRP, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and decreased serum vitamin D levels were shown to be independent predictors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion Serum level of vitamin D was low in Egyptians Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathy in comparison to those without

Expanding the Spectrum of Oculocutaneous Albinism: Does Isolated Foveal Hypoplasia Really Exist?

Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the presence of typical ocular features, such as foveal hypoplasia, iris translucency, hypopigmented fundus oculi and reduced pigmentation of skin and hair. Albino patients can show significant clinical variability; some individuals can present with only mild depigmentation and subtle ocular changes. Here, we provide a retrospective review of the standardized clinical charts of patients firstly addressed for evaluation of foveal hypoplasia and slightly subnormal visual acuity, whose diagnosis of albinism was achieved only after extensive phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Our report corroborates the pathogenicity of the two common TYR polymorphisms p.(Arg402Gln) and p.(Ser192Tyr) when both are located in trans with a pathogenic TYR variant and aims to expand the phenotypic spectrum of albinism in order to increase the detection rate of the albino phenotype. Our data also suggest that isolated foveal hypoplasia should be considered a clinical sign instead of a definitive diagnosis of an isolated clinical entity, and we recommend deep phenotypic and molecular characterization in such patients to achieve a proper diagnosis.

Efficiency and Complication of 577-nm Laser Membranotomy for the Treatment of Retinal Sub-Inner Limiting Membrane Hemorrhage.

We investigated the clinical efficiency and complications of treatment of retinal sub-inner limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage by 577-nm semiconductive laser membranotomy. The clinical features, ocular fundus photography, and SD-OCT image of patients who received 577-nm laser membranotomy for sub-ILM hemorrhage were assessed from January 2017 to April 2022 in this retrospective case-series study. A total of 19 patients (19 eyes) were treated for sub-ILM hemorrhage of the macula, in which eight were women and 11 were men. The age was 15-83 years (with an average age of 49.05 ± 19.41 years old). The right eye was affected in 12 patients, the left eye in seven patients. The follow-up period after laser treatment was from 0.5 to 9 months (with an average follow-up time of 3.25 ± 2.45 months). Treatment was not successful in one patient, and 577-nm laser membranotomy was successful in 18 patients (equaling a success rate of 94.74%). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before laser treatment was from figure count to 40/200, and the BCVA after laser treatment was from 20/2000 to 20/20. Complications after laser treatment comprised macular hole (one patient), macular epi-membrane (one patient), vitreous hemorrhage without absorption (two patients), and sub-ILM cavity (12 patients). The 577-nm laser is effective in treating sub-ILM hemorrhage and has a high success rate. Posttreatment complications should be monitored, and vitrectomy was needed with long-lasting vitreous hemorrhage and macular hole.