Terms Of Funding Research Articles

Decision-Making Techniques Based on q-Rung Orthopair Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Information: Application in Supply Chain Financing

The influence of COVID-19 on individuals, businesses, and corporations is indisputable. Many markets, particularly financial markets, have been severely shaken and have suffered significant losses. Significant issues have arisen in supply chain networks, particularly in terms of financing. The COVID-19 consequences had a significant effect on supply chain financing (SCF), which is responsible for finance supply chain components and improved supply chain performance. The primary source of supply chain financing is financial providers. Among financial providers, the banking sector is referred to as the primary source of financing. Any hiccup in the banking operational systems can have a massive influence on the financing process. In this study, we attempted to comprehend the key consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic and how to mitigate COVID-19’s impact on Pakistan’s banking industry. For this, three extended hybrid approaches which consists of TOPSIS, VIKOR, and Grey are established to address the uncertainty in supply chain finance under q-rung orthopair probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment with unknown weight information of decision-making experts as well as the criteria. The study is split into three parts. First, the novel q-rung orthopair probabilistic hesitant fuzzy (qROPHF) entropy measure is established using generalized distance measure under qROPHF information to determine the unknown weights information of the attributes. The second part consists of three decision-making techniques (TOPSIS, VIKOR, and GRA) in the form of algorithm to tackle the uncertain information under qROPHF settings. Last part consists of a real-life case study of supply chain finance in Pakistan to analyze the effects of emergency situation of COVID-19 on Pakistani banks. Therefore, to help the government, we chose the best alternative form list of consider five alternatives (investment, government support, propositions and brands, channels, and digital and markets segments) by using proposed algorithm that minimize the effect of COVID-19 on supply chain finance of Pakistani banks. The results indicate that the proposed techniques are applicable and effective to cope with ambiguous data in decision-making challenges.

“Revealing the hidden” – challenges facing early digital entrepreneurs in Jordan

PurposeDigital entrepreneurship is the key to economic survival and the lantern of jobs in developing countries. The debate about the challenges facing early digital entrepreneurs (DEs) in developing countries is still ambiguous. This study attempts to fulfill the gap with an in-depth examination of Jordan.Design/methodology/approachReferring to a digital start-up database hosted by the Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship in Jordan, the study interviews a random sample of (n = 45) early (less than one-year seniority) DEs. Thematic analysis is carried out facilitated by NVivo 20 software. E-Commerce, agriculture technology, data and artificial intelligence and entertainment were at the top of the interviewed start-ups.FindingsNine challenges were observed, critically analyzed and discussed. The challenges are (1) the lack of realistic funding in terms and guarantees; (2) the negligence of guidance and advisory of incubators and entrepreneurship centres; (3) the emergence of unexpected risks; (4) the stringent economic situation; (5) competition; (6) legal and legislative obstacles; (7) obstacles to accessing markets; (8) team management and finally (9) disorganization in the entrepreneurial environment. The study sets recommendations to support early DEs in their journey.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the significant implications for aspiring DEs by focusing on some challenges that might face their start-ups such as institutional, technology and local dimensions of context and measures to develop the entrepreneurial and digital competencies. This includes sustainable funding, poor direct guidance and advisory, unexpected failures/risks, and economic obstacles. This study might be considered a road map for the decision-makers to build their strategies for eliminating the main barriers for early DEs and start-ups.Originality/valueAlthough recent literature discussed the challenges of entrepreneurs in Jordan, this is the first that identifies early DEs’ challenges and uses 45% samples of the community.

Potential Assessment and Economic Analysis of Concentrated Solar Power against Solar Photovoltaic Technology

Competition between concentrated solar power and solar photovoltaic has been the subject of frequent debate in recent years based on their cost of fabrication, efficiency, storage, levelized cost of energy, reliability, and complexity of respective technologies. Taking Pakistan as a testbed, a study was conducted to determine which technology is economical in a particular location and climate. The study assesses the meteorological, orographic, and spatial factors that impact the performance and cost of both renewable energy systems. A SWOT analysis, followed by technoeconomic analyses, was conducted to determine suitable sites for setting up solar power plants in Pakistan. A detailed assessment of siting factors for solar power plants was conducted to shortlist the most suitable sites. Based on the results, economic analysis was performed to install 100 MW photovoltaic and parabolic trough power plants at selected locations. The levelized cost of energy for the 100 MW parabolic trough is 10.8 cents/kWh and 12 cents/kWh in best-case scenarios, i.e., for locations of Toba and Quetta, respectively, whereas the LCOEs of 100 MW photovoltaic systems stand comparatively low at 7.36 cents/kWh, 7.21 cents/kWh, 7.01 cents/kWh, 6.82 cents/kWh, 6.02 cents/kWh, and 5.95 cents/kWh in Multan, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Hyderabad, Quetta, and Toba, respectively. The results favor choosing solar PV plants over solar CSP plants in terms of finances in the selected regions. The findings will assist financiers and policymakers in creating better policies in terms of long-term goals.

Conventional or Shariah Compliant Investment: Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds in Pakistan

The current study was initiated to compare the performance of conventional and Shariah-compliant mutual funds in Pakistan, keeping in view the contradictory opinions found in the literature in this regard. The data utilized to conduct the analysis covered the time span 2013-2021. Assessment of risk and return tradeoff was made with three ratios, namely Jenson’s alpha, Treynor ratio, and Sharpe ratio by evaluating the monthly returns of conventional and Shariah-compliant mutual funds. The findings revealed that Shariah-compliant mutual funds outperformed conventional funds in terms of absolute risk measure, higher Sharpe ratio, and low coefficient of variation. While, in terms of funds’ exposure to systematic risk, mixed results were obtained for both types of funds. The results produced sufficient information about the risks and returns associated with the two kinds of mutual funds which would enable fund managers and investors to make informed decisions while selecting the best mutual fund, thus generating maximum returns and with minimum risks.

An event-driven bank stress indicator: The case of US regional banks

Financial markets have been shaken by the surge of a banking crisis in early 2023. The failure of Silicon Valley Bank has raised concerns about the health of various financial institutions in a period of rapid monetary contraction and high interest rates. I discuss the stress levels of sixty US regional banks, by proposing a new “bank stress indicator”, based on an event study framework. The indicator suggests six highly stressed banks: First Republic Bank, Western Alliance Bancorporation, KeyCorp, Comerica Incorporated, Zions Bancorporation and PacWest Bancorp. Although most of these banks have been highly profitable and have built solid balance sheet positions over the past years, they have faced large shares of uninsured deposits, which have put them at risk. The new Bank Term Funding Program launched by the Fed is designed to help in this matter, lowering the risk of new failures.

The Influence of Islamic Banks and Sovereign Retail Sukuk on Economic Growth in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the short-term and long-term effects of Islamic banking financing and the development of sovereign Retail Sukuk (SR) on Indonesia's economic growth during the period 2009: Q1 to 2019: Q3. Islamic banking and Sukuk have the same essential role, namely in terms of financing or raising funds. Outstanding SR is used as an indicator of SR’s development in seeing its impact on Indonesia's economic growth. Through Dickey Fuller-Generalized Least Square (DF-GLS) analysis, Lag-Length Test, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Cointegration Bound Testing, this study examines the effect of Islamic banking financing and the development of SR on economic growth. Total Sharia Bank financing and outstanding SR do not have long-term cointegration with Indonesia's economic growth. Meanwhile, in the short term, Indonesia's GDP is influenced positively by total Islamic Bank financing (TFIN) at lag 3 and negatively by the outstanding SR at lag 3 and 4. Researchers only examined the Islamic banking sector, specifically highlighting financing in Islamic banking and SR’s development through nominal outstanding on a quarterly scale. The limitations of the variables studied are becoming the limitations of this study. The government as a policymaker have to provide a support through cooperation between institutions and Medium and Small Enterprises (MSMEs) with Islamic banks in collecting and channeling financing, education, and outreach to the public. Consequently, the deepest layers need to be improved to make SR an individual investment instrument that can support Indonesia's economic growth. The research that examined SR with quantitative methods is still limited. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to increasing liabilities in Islamic Finance, particularly in Retail Sukuk.

Analisis Rasio Permodalan Bmt Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah Kota Bima

This study is entitled "Capital Analysis Ratio of BMT Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah Kota Bima" The purpose of this study is to determine the level of sharia health and compliance in the BMT Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah Kota Bima on aspects of capital based on cooperative classification standards according to the cooperative ministerial decree and small business and intermediate number 07 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016. Analyze cooperative financial statements based on the Decree of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises Number 07 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016, Evaluate the financial performance of cooperatives. This study uses 1 type of assessment of health aspects and components in the form of: Capital. The assessment will find out how healthy BMT Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah Kota Bima is in terms of finance, and how obedient in predetermined sharia principles. From these calculations the BMT Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah was classified as "Fairly Healthy" Cooperative. This is because it has an unfavorable value because BMT Produsen Gema Mandiri Syariah Kota Bima does not yet have a sharia supervisory board, does not yet have equity participation and financing originating from Islamic financial institutions and also cooperative management does not yet have an educational certificate for management of Islamic financial institutions issued by competent parties.

FINANCIAL RISKS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The study of the current state of the renewable energy sources (RES) sector as an important area for reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere makes it possible to identify a circle of subjects – participants in the RES electricity market. The financial risks they take largely determine the present and future of this innovative market in terms of investment, financing, lending, insurance, regulation, and incentives. The renewable energy market is of particular interest to investors, financial institutions, the state setting the rules of the game and stimulating its development. The financial risks of market participants as the probability of monetary losses and losses are manifested at all stages of the development and implementation of renewable energy projects, from the development of technologies to public procurement of generated electricity. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of financing renewable energy projects, in particular, high initial financial costs, long payback periods for projects requiring long-term lending, sensitivity to regulatory and legal changes on the part of the state in terms of purchase prices for electricity, subsidies and incentive benefits for its producers and financial institutions – participants. Based on specific examples of renewable energy projects, the risks of banks, insurers in Vietnam and a number of developing countries in South Asia that provide green loans and green insurance products to companies implementing renewable energy projects, as well as households producing electricity from solar systems, are considered. Recommendations were formulated for national financial regulators, banking institutions, insurance companies to ensure acceptable financial conditions for renewable energy projects and adequately assess their own financial risks.

Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds Using Risk Return Relationship Models - An Empirical Study

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyse the performance of mutual funds using Risk- Return Relationship Models. Theoretical framework: One of India's most important financial intermediaries, mutual funds can provide a wide range of financial services to small and large investors. They are also involved in the country's transformation, and their market participation has become more important. Evaluating a mutual fund's performance concerns investors, researchers, and fund managers. It should be conducted in a way that helps investors make informed decisions and maximize returns. A regular evaluation of a fund's performance is also essential for investors. Design/methodology/approach: The performance of 12 growth-oriented mutual funds has been evaluated using three Risk Adjusted performance measures, namely the Treynor index, Sharpe index, and Jensen measure. Treynor Index, developed by Treynor and Mazuy (1966), defined the measure as the ratio of returns to systematic Risk (Beta). The higher the ratio better the performance. Sharpe Index, developed by Sharpe (1964) defined as the ratio of returns to the variability of returns. Jensen's measure (Jensen 1968) regresses excess fund return with the excess market return. Monthly data was used during the period from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019. Further monthly returns of 12 diversified Equity mutual funds were compared with the returns of the B.S.E.( Bombay Stock Exchange) national index during the same period. Findings: It is identified from the results that the mutual funds have not performed better than their benchmark indicators except the ICICI Multi-asset fund and HDFC mid-cap opportunity fund in terms of a non-risk adjusted measure of the average returns as well as in terms of Risk-adjusted performance measures. Research, Practical & Social implications: Fund houses, Fund managers, researchers, and mutual fund investors can benefit more from a strong risk management foundation. It can help them make informed decisions and maximize their returns. Originality/value: This study differs from past studies because it examined the risk-adjusted performance of a few mutual funds, which ultimately may use by investors and policymakers to enhance the returns in these funds.

Peran Modal Usaha Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Batik Tulis Tanjung Bumi

MSMEs as part of the economic sector have driven many wheels of the community's economy through equitable distribution of people's income, provision of employment for productive working age, and specialization of products produced by each region. As a sector that has driven the wheels of the economy a lot and contributed positively to the national economy, the government is promoting MSMEs which continue to be developed in the community. However, in its development, MSMEs are not as easy as expected. There are many challenges and obstacles in the development of MSMEs. In terms of capital and financing, the skills of the workforce and business actors, information and technology, and the need for business actors to always innovate and this is not easy because the business actors of Tanjung Bumi batik are located in remote areas with minimal information, the education level of business actors is low. low ambition, the nature of the business which is family and hereditary and the people who are still not familiar with technology. The element of capital is the main and crucial element in running a business. We know that the element of capital cannot be denied its contribution to the running of the business. If the capital is strong, the business will easily develop. Financing will be easily facilitated and there will be no increase outside the budget for the business being carried out. Supported by the ability (skills) of good business actors, it is undeniable that business will bring the expected results. Elements of internal factors from business actors also dominate the implementation of business operations. Interest in entrepreneurship is motivated by individual motives in running their business. Motives within these individuals will facilitate the implementation of learning in entrepreneurial experience, bring up entrepreneurial personality, positive perceptions of entrepreneurial characteristics which ultimately lead to strong motivation in running a business.

European stakeholders’ visions and needs for stormwater in future urban drainage systems

ABSTRACT Transitioning urban drainage systems to serve water-smart societies requires the involvement of different disciplines and stakeholders. However, stakeholders have different visions and needs from the transitioning process (e.g in terms of financing, policy adaptation and system management) these also vary between regions and countries. Identifying such different needs for stakeholders is necessary to propose practical adaptation strategies. Therefore, evidence of needs as reflected in policy papers and legislation in seven European countries was collected. Knowledgeable individuals in the urban drainage community were asked about their visions. Results show that whilst there is consensus on the challenges, visions on how to transition are diverse, indicating that more interaction between the different stakeholder groups is required to develop consensus. Additionally, organisational and legislative structures often slow down the necessary change processes.

FINTECH CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN BANKING

The potential and impact of fintech on banks is becoming an increasingly important topic. Electronic banking, mobile phone payments and other innovative financial services have become an integral part of every person's life. FinTech is a new, fast-growing part of the financial services industry, so they have limited understanding of emerging phenomena (Anagnostopoulos, 2018). Fintech analyses are important not only for understanding financial innovation, but also for all aspects of finance in terms of consumer adaptation using fintech (Chen, 2016). Investments in FinTech are reaching record highs, so it is often said that FinTech institutions can change the banking system and reduce its popularity. Authors Jünger and Mietzner (2019) analysed in their article on the digitization of banking transactions that consumers tend to choose FinTech companies more than banks when it comes to transparency policies. In this context, the preferences and perceptions of the Mauritian population are analysed when it comes to adoption, awareness, current and future use of fintech services, which defines the scientific novelty of this topic. Consumer adoption attitudes of fintech services in Mauritius were analysed using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A questionnaire was designed and sent to the population of Mauritius where 176 responses were obtained. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and a multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses and find out if the independent variables (subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived risk) have a positive influence on the dependent variable (attitude) of users in the adoption of fintech services. Next, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust were found to positively influence consumer attitudes when choosing fintech services, while perceived risk did not of positive influence on consumer attitudes when adopting fintech services, which provides more information to the literature on fintech services personalization using TAM. Limitations and recommendations are discussed below.

Alpha-numeric analysis of engineers cum arbitrators

“Numbers are the highest degree of knowledge. It is knowledge itself.”- Plato“The world is built on the power of numbers.” Pythagoras“Everything around you is numbers.” Shakuntala Devi.The date, we were born on, was not an accident. Each number in our date of birth is connected with certain energies and vibrations. Similarly, each and every letter in our name (first as well as full name) also has particular frequency, energies and vibrations.The combined and correlated energies of numbers and letters of an individual reveal about the past, present and future. The careful study of these universal divine energies can reveal, who you are, why you are here, where are you going and how will you get there.In other words what is your personality, nature, thinking, and what is your future in terms of family career relationships and finances etc.In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze -How certain patterns of name numbers and date of birth related core numbers can emerge as a directional guide for an individual to choose any specific career/profession (by studying the patterns of over 1100+ date of births and names of the Engineers cum Arbitrators).

Do National Export Promotion Programs in Indonesia support export competitiveness?

This study examines the influence of export promotion programs (EPPs) in Indonesia on companies' resources, capabilities, strategies, and competitiveness, and whether such programs positively impact export performance and finances. Using data from 204 exporting companies in Indonesia and the structural equation model for analysis, this study finds that participation in EPPs reinforces the organizational resources and exporting capabilities needed for developing successful export strategies. This allows for the creation of competitive advantages in export costs, product superiority, and effective distribution, which in turn increases performance in terms of market share and finance. The results also indicate that the effect of EPPs is relatively more significant on small companies and those with more export experience. They confirm that EPPs have the most significant impact on firms’ resources and capabilities, and that assistance programs that aim to improve organizational capabilities are needed to enhance marketing strategies. While innovative capabilities and business intelligence offer great potential to support export performance, EPP-type assistance programs have not been adequately developed in Indonesia.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Economic Growth and R&D Spending in Czechia, Germany, and Poland

Abstract The article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic growth, specifically focusing on research and development (R&D) expenditures in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland. The analysis spans the periods preceding, during, and following the pandemic. The central objective of the article is to examine whether the pandemic, considering the implemented restrictions and associated financial aid, influenced the economic growth trajectory and the allocation of resources to research and development in the aforementioned Central European countries. The research utilizes time series data from 2011 to 2022, sourced from Eurostat, to track the evolution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD). Key indicators under scrutiny included GDP, GERD, and R&D intensity – GERD as a percentage of GDP. A chain index was constructed to facilitate not only cross-country comparisons of these indicators but also an examination of year-to-year changes and an analysis of the growth rate of the GERD indicator. The research findings reveal that that COVID-19 really affected not only the development of the monitored economies but also the R&D area; however, it was not the same in all the monitored countries. The impact of the pandemic can be seen in the decline in GDP in all three countries in 2020, but GERD decreased in only two of them – the Czech Republic and Germany. Poland experienced a significant increase in research and development funding in real terms. Both indicators (GDP and GERD) immediately resumed their growth in 2021 in all analyzed countries. From that it can be concluded that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the GDP and GERD of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland was not of a long-term nature.

Analisa Pengaruh Penerapan Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) terhadap Kinerja Supply Chain Management (SCM) pada PT Toyota Astra Motor

Technological developments in the world have changed companies to participate in using technology as a means of improving company performance. Companies can implement information technology systems that assist in terms of finance, company audits, and supply chain management (SCM) performance which is called enterprise resource planning (ERP). This study will discuss the effect of implementing ERP on SCM performance at the company PT Toyota Astra Motor. The method used is a qualitative approach and also a study of literature. PT Toyota Astra Motor has implemented an ERP application that is used, namely SAP (Standard Application Product in Data Processing) version ECC 6.0 and also has supply chain management which helps in expediting and accelerating the company's production and marketing processes to meet the needs of their consumers.

The effect of the government's green grip: Evidence from government-initiated corporate environmental ratings and corporate debt financing

The Chinese government has initiated corporate environmental ratings to curb environmental pollution. We investigate the impact of such ratings as a type of government green grip on corporate debt consequences. We provide solid evidence that government-initiated corporate environmental ratings help environmentally friendly companies obtain more long-term loans and reduce the cost of debt. Lenders view a healthy environment as a signal of good credit; accordingly, they offer greener companies more favorable debt financing terms. The positive effect of government-initiated corporate environmental ratings is magnified by other government green-credit policies and the external financing environment. Overall, this study provides a valuable understanding of government-initiated corporate environmental ratings and corporate financing consequences.

Determinants for scalable adoption of autonomous AI in the detection of diabetic eye disease in diverse practice types: key best practices learned through collection of real-world data.

Autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to reduce disparities, improve quality of care, and reduce cost by improving access to specialty diagnoses at the point-of-care. Diabetes and related complications represent a significant source of health disparities. Vision loss is a complication of diabetes, and there is extensive evidence supporting annual eye exams for prevention. Prior to the use of autonomous AI, store-and-forward imaging approaches using remote reading centers (asynchronous telemedicine) attempted to increase diabetes related eye exams with limited success. In 2018, after rigorous clinical validation, the first fully autonomous AI system [LumineticsCore™ (formerly IDx-DR), Digital Diagnostics Inc., Coralville, IA, United States] received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) De Novo authorization. The system diagnoses diabetic retinopathy (including macular edema) without specialist physician overread at the point-of-care. In addition to regulatory clearance, reimbursement, and quality measure updates, successful adoption requires local optimization of the clinical workflow. The general challenges of frontline care clinical workflow have been well documented in the literature. Because healthcare AI is so new, there remains a gap in the literature about challenges and opportunities to embed diagnostic AI into the clinical workflow. The goal of this review is to identify common workflow themes leading to successful adoption, measured as attainment number of exams per month using the autonomous AI system against targets set for each health center. We characterized the workflow in four different US health centers over a 12-month period. Health centers were geographically dispersed across the Midwest, Southwest, Northeast, and West Coast and varied distinctly in terms of size, staffing, resources, financing and demographics of patient populations. After 1 year, the aggregated number of diabetes-related exams per month increased from 89 after the first month of initial deployment to 174 across all sites. Across the diverse practice types, three primary determinants underscored sustainable adoption: (1) Inclusion of Executive and Clinical Champions; (2) Underlining Health Center Resources; and (3) Clinical workflows that contemplate patient identification (pre-visit), LumineticsCore Exam Capture and Provider Consult (patient visit), and Timely Referral Triage (post-visit). In addition to regulatory clearance, reimbursement and quality measures, our review shows that addressing the core determinants for workflow optimization is an essential part of large-scale adoption of innovation. These best practices can be generalizable to other autonomous AI systems in front-line care settings, thereby increasing patient access, improving quality of care, and addressing health disparities.

Leveraging on digital technology for financial inclusion of women agripreneurs in Southern Nigeria

Background Women are key players in agriculture, but they are under-resourced, particularly in terms of finance. Microfinance has long been recognized as the most effective method of financially empowering these women, but using the benefits of digital technology can help scale it up and ensure its long-term viability. Methods The study area was Southern Nigeria. Respondents were women agripreneurs (n=479), from six states. 239 women agripreneurs who accessed digital financial products and 240 women agripreneurs who did not access financial products participated in the survey in 2019. Results The tests for significant difference between income of participants and non-participants in digital finance indicated a T-value of 3.214 (P< 0.001), which implies that there was a significant difference in the income of those that are accessing digital financial products (DFPs) and those that are not accessing DFPs. The tests for significant difference between savings of participants and non-participants indicated a T-value of 2.479 (p<0.05), which also implies that there was a significant difference in the women agripreneurs’ savings for participants and non-participants in DFPs. Only 2.5% of women agripreneurs are participating in micro-insurance in Southern Nigeria. Conclusions Women agripreneurs who are accessing digital financial products earned more income and saved more than those who are not accessing digital financial products. This implies that you are more advantaged in using digital finance in business. Micro-insurance is poorly accessed in Nigeria, and awareness of insurance products is moderately low. This study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should engage in more outreach programmes to enable all women in Nigeria access digital financial products because of its convenience and contributions to success in business. Insurance companies should capitalize on business models that incorporate mobile technologies in order to increase insurance penetration in rural areas.

Strive for equitable use of space minerals resources

The global world has been paying great attention to the issue of space resources. To measure global equity, according to the dominant criteria, this paper selects resources, economic, opportunity, and policy indicators by using the entropy weight method to calculate the information entropy and weight of each indicator, to measure the degree of equity. In the future exploitation of space resources, in terms of financing and returns, this paper uses the global equity model, and to calculate the maximum mining returns, this paper uses linear programming. The results show that the maximum benefit is $20.01 million per ton.