Diverse Funding Research Articles

The Socialization of Unpaid Family Caregivers: A Scoping Review.

As unpaid family caregiving of older adults becomes increasingly prevalent, it is imperative to understand how family caregivers are socialized and how they understand the caregiving role. This PRISMA-ScR-based scoping review examines the published literature between 1995-2019 on the socialization of potential and current unpaid family caregivers of older adults. Of 4,599 publications identified, 47 were included. Three perspectives of socialization were identified: (1) role acculturation; (2) role negotiation and identification; and (3) specialized role learning. The findings show how socialization involves different contexts (e.g., cultures), imperatives for action (e.g., circumstances), socialization agents (e.g., family), processes (e.g., modeling), and internal (e.g., normalization) and external (e.g., identification) consequences for caregivers. Future research could fruitfully explore how caregivers manage key turning points within the socialization process, disengage from the caregiving role, and negotiate the socialization and individualization processes within diverse cultural and funding contexts.

COVID-19 and Gaza: The Ideal Time to Establish a Medical Reserve Corps of Public Health Preventive Medicine Specialists.

COVID-19 and Gaza: The Ideal Time to Establish a Medical Reserve Corps of Public Health Preventive Medicine Specialists.

The profitability and distance to distress of European banks: do business choices matter?

This paper examines which business choices are more likely to increase the profitability and distance to distress of banks, and whether changing business model pays off. We find that the profitability and distance to distress increase with the use of customer deposits and equity, and decrease with size; also, the top performers tend to have a high relationship banking orientation and/or operate a retail focused business model. Furthermore, we document that income diversification only bears a positive impact on the distance to distress of banks highly focused on relationship banking, and size only bears a negative effect on the profitability of these banks as well; additionally, only banks with a low relationship banking orientation significantly benefit from customer deposits. With respect to the effects of business model changes, we find that shifts from the retail diversified funding model to either the retail focused or the large diversified models improve profitability in the medium term. Finally, we find evidence that large diversified banks benefited from internal capital markets during the twin financial crisis by tapping into low-cost funding from subsidiaries. Our results are robust to changes to our baseline model that account for endogeneity and persistency issues.

Funds of knowledge in making: reenvisioning maker education in teacher preparation

Despite the growth of the Maker Movement, few studies have examined what learning opportunities in teacher education programs facilitate preservice teachers’ understanding of inclusive making for students from diverse backgrounds. This study explored how preservice teachers used their funds of knowledge for making projects in a STEM education course and how the use of these funds of knowledge influenced their perspectives on maker education. Guided by ethnographic research principles, we analyzed qualitative data collected from 15 preservice teachers. The findings show that preservice teachers used their diverse funds of knowledge in ways that: (a) transformed making practices into personally relevant learning activities, (b) positioned themselves as experts, (c) facilitated mutual learning, and (d) provided a significant resource for creative ideas in advancing making projects.

Is fund performance driven by flows into connected funds? spillover effects in the mutual fund industry

Mutual funds are connected with each other through overlapping portfolio holdings. We document that the performance of individual mutual funds is affected by spillover effects from fund flows to connected mutual funds. Spillover-effects are particularly pronounced during crisis periods, when a one standard deviation increase in flows to the tercile of funds with the highest overlapping portfolio holdings is associated with a monthly excess returns of 1.50%. Small cap stock funds are more heavily impacted, suggesting that the spillover effect is related to underlying asset liquidity. Moreover, we shed light on the dark side of diversification, as highly diversified funds are more exposed to the spillover risk factor.

First Group of New Members from Bayer Diversity Fund Attend Virtual Annual Meeting

CSA NewsVolume 66, Issue 3 p. 32-33 MEMBERSHIP First Group of New Members from Bayer Diversity Fund Attend Virtual Annual Meeting Susan V. Fisk, Susan V. Fisk ACSESS Public and Science Communications DirectorSearch for more papers by this author Susan V. Fisk, Susan V. Fisk ACSESS Public and Science Communications DirectorSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20398Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume66, Issue3March 2021Pages 32-33 RelatedInformation

Comparison of linear and non-linear GARCH models for forecasting volatility of select emerging countries

PurposeSeveral empirical studies have proven that emerging countries are attractive destinations for Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) because of high expected returns, weak market efficiency and high growth that make them attractive destination for diversification of funds. But higher expected returns come coupled with high risk arising from political and economic instability. This study aims to compare the linear (symmetric) and non-linear (asymmetric) Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models in forecasting the volatility of top five major emerging countries among E7, that is, China, India, Indonesia, Brazil and Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThe volatility of financial markets of five major emerging countries has been empirically investigated for a period of two decades from January 2000 to December 2019 using univariate volatility models including GARCH 1, 1, Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (E-GARCH 1, 1) and Threshold Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (T-GARCH-1, 1) models. Further, to examine time-varying volatility, the distinctions of structural break have been captured in view of the global financial crisis of 2008. Thus, the period under the study has been segregated into pre- and post-crisis, that is, January 2001–December 2008 and January 2009–December 2019, respectively.FindingsThe findings indicate that GARCH (1, 1) model is superior to non-linear GARCH models for forecasting volatility because the effect of leverage is insignificant. China has been considered as most volatile, whereas India is volatile but positively skewed and Indonesia is the least volatile country. The results can help investors in better international diversification of their portfolio and identifying best suitable hedging opportunities.Practical implicationsThis study can help investors to construct a more risk-adjusted returns international portfolio. Further, it adds to the scant literature available on the inconclusive debate on the choice of linear versus non-linear models to forecast market volatility.Originality/valueEarlier studies related to univariate volatility models are mostly applications of the models. Only few studies have considered the robustness while applying the models. However, none of the studies to the best of the authors’ searches have considered these models for identifying the diversification opportunity among the emerging countries. Hence, this study is able to derive diversification and hedging opportunities by applying wide ranges of the statistical applications and models, that is, descriptive, correlations and univariate volatility models. It makes the study more rigorous and unique compared to the previous literature.

Comparative Study of Education Funding in Nigeria

This study provides a comparative review of education funding across geopolitical zones in Nigeria and draws a nexus between Nigeria’s budgetary allocation to education and some selected African countries. Education funding in Nigeria has lagged the UNESCO’s advised 15%-20% of the government's annual budget to education in the last three decades. We assess education funding across the six geopolitical zones between 2010 and 2019 using content analysis of the respective states. A review of the WAEC enrollment for states in each zone is performed to compare how education funding impacts WAEC enrollment in Nigeria. The study identifies a link between poverty and income inequality and education funding in Nigeria by leveraging data from the World Bank and Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS) from 2001-2019. We identify low funding of education as the primary driver of poverty and inequality in Nigeria. The study recommends a diversified funding mechanism to enhance the sector's funding and improve the quality of education in the country. Keywords: Education Funding, Poverty and Inequality, Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-5-01 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Nudged into Better Portfolios and Lower Risk: Robo-Advice and Savings Decisions

Mutual fund and ETF savings plans (SPs) are becoming an increasingly important part of retail investor portfolios and many investors now adopt robo-advisors to obtain guidance on SP choices. Using data from a large online bank that introduced a robo-advising tool, I explore how robo-advice changes investors’ SP choices and document three main results. First, default options improve robo-advice users’ fund choices towards lower-cost and more diversified funds. Second, many investors – also those who previously held all-equity portfolios – adhere to the default asset allocation that is associated with a 50% equity exposure, although they could construct riskier SP portfolios through the robo-advisor. Third, I document considerable heterogeneity in longer-term adherence to robo-advisor recommendations. First-time SP users are more inert and stick to the robo-advisor’s proposed asset allocation while experienced SP users quickly readjust their equity exposure away from the robo-advisor’s recommendation. My results emphasize the power of defaults in all-digital robo-advisory services and highlight how they can improve fund choices while at the same time push investors into unsuitable asset allocations.

Citizenship and Health Reform: An Analytical Review of the Politics and Institutional Arrangement of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme

Recent studies on health financing reform in Ghana have focused on the institutional legacies and political forces underpinning the dramatic shift from “cash-and-carry” to policy initiatives that find expression in universalism and social inclusion. Yet little attention has been paid to the complex interactions between institutional and ideational elements that account for the policy failure of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Drawing primarily on government records, published books, articles and newspaper publications, we argue that formulating appropriate financial reform strategies requires a proper understanding of how national identities intersect with, and shape the politics, design, and operation of social programs to inform policy outcomes. The article suggests that the sustainability of Ghana’s NHIS rests on strategic reform measures including, cost containment, diversified funding and operational arrangement, as well as depoliticization of the health regime. Keywords :Health insurance, health politics, social protection, social citizenship, cost recovery, health financing DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/11-1-05 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

Interdependency Between Indian and US Market Indices: A Granger Causality Approach

The Granger causality model is used in the current study to analyze the short-run cause–effect relationship between two stock market indices between 2001 and 2021 using time series data of the daily closing prices of the BSE Sensex and S&P 500 indices listed in the Indian and US stock markets, respectively. The Granger causality model and the augmented Dickey–Fuller test for data stationarity were used in the study to examine the short-term causal link between two market indices during the time period. The outcomes demonstrated the connection between the Indian and US stock markets. The findings imply that both markets have a dynamic, bidirectional relationship. This study provides the investor’s essential inputs for investment decision-making and portfolio diversification. In the current era of globalization, the study is crucial because investors and fund managers now place a high priority on stock market integration. Through fund diversification across equity markets, this study subsequently makes it easier to reduce portfolio risk by providing useful insights on diversification strategies across the stock markets.

An integrated K-means-GP approach for US stock fund diversification and its impact due to COVID-19

An integrated K-means-GP approach for US stock fund diversification and its impact due to COVID-19

Polypharmacy is a risk factor for mortality, severe chronic kidney disease, and liver disease among privately insured adults with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk for polypharmacy, premature mortality, and early development of several morbidities, including conditions associated with excess medication exposure, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and liver disease. To date, very little is known about the consequence of polypharmacy for adults with CP. OBJECTIVE: To determine if polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk for mortality, severe CKD, and liver disease among adults with CP, before and after adjusting for comorbid neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) and multimorbidity. METHODS: This is an exploratory treatment effectiveness study. Data from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart were used for this retrospective cohort study. Adults aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of CP and without severe CKD (stages IV+) and liver disease were identified from the calendar year 2013 and were subsequently followed from January 1, 2014, to death, severe CKD, liver disease, loss to follow-up, or end of study period (December 31, 2017). Diagnosis codes were used to identify NDDs (intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, spina bifida) and 24 relevant morbidities at baseline (i.e., calendar year 2013). Polypharmacy was defined as ≥ 5 medications and hyperpolypharmacy was defined as ≥ 10 medications at baseline. Cox regression models were developed to examine the association (as HR and 95% CI) between polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy with mortality, severe CKD, and liver disease separately, before and after adjusting for covariates (demographics, NDDs, multimorbidity). Exploratory analyses examined the mediating effect of incident severe CKD or liver disease on the association between the exposure (polypharmacy or hyperpolypharmacy) on outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 9,238 adults with CP, 58.5% had polypharmacy and 29.5% had hyperpolypharmacy. The fully adjusted HR for mortality was 2.14 (95% CI = 1.59-2.89) for polypharmacy and 1.65 (95% CI = 1.31-2.09) for hyperpolypharmacy. The fully adjusted HR for severe CKD was 1.66 (95% CI = 1.17-2.36) for polypharmacy and 1.67 (95% CI = 1.27-2.19) for hyperpolypharmacy. The fully adjusted HR for liver disease was 1.57 (95% CI = 1.27-1.94) for polypharmacy and 1.72 (95% CI = 1.42-2.08) for hyperpolypharmacy. Incident liver disease mediated 5.37% (polypharmacy) and 7.54% (hyperpolypharmacy) of the association between the exposure with incident severe CKD for nonelderly (aged < 65 years), while incident severe CKD mediated 7.05% (polypharmacy) and 6.64% (hyperpolypharmacy) of the association between the exposure with incident liver disease for elderly (aged ≥ 65 years). CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy are robust risk factors for risk of mortality, severe CKD, and liver disease among privately insured adults with CP. While incidence of severe CKD and liver disease had negligible effects on the association between polypharmacy with mortality, there is evidence that they mediate a considerable portion of one another and require further examination. DISCLOSURES: During the work for this study, Whitney was supported by the University of Michigan Office of Health Equity and Inclusion Diversity Fund and American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine. The funding sources had no role in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Exploring the impact of workforce turnover on the sustainability of evidence-based programs: A scoping review.

Evidence-based programs (EBPs) are used across disciplines to integrate research into practice and improve outcomes at the individual and/or community level. Despite widespread development and implementation of EBPs, many programs are not sustained beyond the initial implementation period due to many factors, including workforce turnover. This scoping review summarizes research on the impact of workforce turnover on the sustainability of EBPs and recommendations for mitigating these impacts. We searched 10 databases for articles that focused on an EBP and described an association between workforce turnover and the sustainment or sustainability of the program. We created a data abstraction tool to extract relevant information from each article and applied the data abstraction tool to all included articles to create the dataset. Data were mapped and analyzed using the program sustainability framework (PSF). A total of 30 articles were included in this scoping review and mapped to the PSF. Twenty-nine articles described impacts of workforce turnover and 18 articles proposed recommendations to address the impacts. The most frequent impacts of workforce turnover included increased need for training, loss of organizational knowledge, lack of EBP fidelity, and financial stress. Recommendations to address the impact of workforce turnover included affordable and alternative training modalities, the use of champions or volunteers, increasing program alignment with organizational goals, and generating diverse funding portfolios. The sustainment of EBPs is critical to ensure and maintain the short- and long-term benefits of the EBP for all participants and communities. Understanding the impacts of workforce turnover, a determinant of sustainability, can create awareness among EBP-implementing organizations and allow for proactive planning to increase the likelihood of program sustainability.

Impact of diversification on systemic risk of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

It is believed that bank diversification increases financial stability. However, several theories argue that diversification can trigger the spread of failure because of the increased interconnectivity between institutions. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of diversification on the systemic risk of banks. The sample of the study consists of 21 conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. The study uses firm-year fixed effect panel regression and an instrumental variable approach to examine how firm-specific variables determine the level of systemic risk. Diversification is measured by bank assets, funding, and revenue diversification. To measure the systemic risk, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (ΔCoVaR) methodology is applied. The results show that an increase in funding diversification leads to a decrease in ΔCoVaR, indicating that funding diversification exacerbates the level of systemic risk, whereas asset diversification and revenue diversification do not have significant effects on the level of systemic risk. The empirical findings suggest that the interconnectivity between banks should be reduced by limiting the diversification of funding in the banks to minimize their systemic risks.

Concentrated Portfolios of Momentum Stocks

There exists abundant academic literature showing that momentum, i.e. a positive correlation between initial ranking of stocks by their past returns and subsequent returns, is pervasive across different markets and time periods. Although recent criticism speculates on the disappearing of momentum returns, as-set managers have launched strategies to harvest the risk premia in form of well diversified equities funds based. In this research paper I delve deeper into the topic of the construction of concentrat-ed portfolios with less than 50 stocks. Based on monthly data for the US market universe I first investigate the consistency of momentum returns over the latest 20 years (1999-2019) with deciles analysis and then study the characteristics both of unconstrained and sector neutral concentrated portfolios. The empirical results show that momentum in the last decade (2010-2019), measured as the performance of a zero investment portfolio (long winners and short losers), is present but with minor intensity compared to the previous decade and that on the same period the top decile “long only” portfolio, built with previous winners’ stocks, still keeps beating the markets index with better Sharpe and Sortino ratios. The results on concentrated portfolios, in particular portfolios with less than 10 stocks, show clear dependency on the given universe constituents, to make the analysis less dependent on particular universe constituents I propose to run the momentum strategy on 1000 random subsampled stocks universes and show empirically that the relation between the number of stocks in the portfolios and the corresponding performances is statistically significant monotonic (the less stocks the more performance). Finally, I report that a sector neutral portfolio, i.e. a portfolio with the same number of stocks for each industrial sector, shows superior risk return characteristics than unconstrained ones. In the last 20 years a long only portfolio based on overlapping sector neutral sub-portfolios with 10 stocks each, gained an annualized return of 11.3% with a Sharpe ratio of 0.59, compared to a 6.00% and 0.24 for the MSCI USA and a 8.5% and 0.38 for the equal weighted benchmark.

A Park for the People: examining the creation and refurbishment of a public park

This paper takes an historical perspective to examine the social and community motivations for public parks and their funding. Public parks can be some of the most valuable green infrastructure assets; understanding why they were created and how they have developed can usefully inform current international practice. Analysis is of one the UK’s first public parks, Peel Park, Salford, Greater Manchester and draws on documentary material from the Park’s creation in the 1840s and its refurbishment in the 2010s. Common and long-lived expectations for community cohesion are found, but for contemporary management we highlight the importance of park quality and understanding public parks as part of wider equality issues. We also argue that entrepreneurial municipalism and diversified funding arrangements introduce diverse politics and interests to park provision. A lack of government funding, and thus a reliance on charitable and philanthropic sources, also potentially categorise public park provision as non-essential.

Charlotte Libraries Tackle Controversial Topic

Abstract&#x0D; UNC Charlotte’s Atkins Library, along with the History Department and Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library, in response to violence, hatred and killings in both South Carolina and Virginia in 2015 and 2017, and contentious arguments over the presence of Confederate monuments, particularly on the campus of UNC Chapel Hill, proposed a series of public forums to address the controversy. With funds from the UNC Charlotte Chancellor’s Diversity Fund, plans were made to sponsor a total of five programs, each addressing a way to combat long-held myths and deliver truths about North Carolina’s history during the Confederacy. This series of programs, Beyond the Myths: The American Civil War in History and Memory, held in February and March 2019, took place on the main and downtown campuses of UNC Charlotte and at the Sugar Creek Branch of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library. The planning and delivery of the series, marketing efforts and follow-up are detailed in this article.&#x0D;

Managerial multi-tasking, Team diversity, and mutual fund performance

This study examines the impact of multi-tasking teams on fund performance. We find that while managerial multi-tasking has a negative impact on fund performance, teamwork can mitigate the adverse effect associated with managerial multi-tasking, which is indicative of superior performance of funds managed by multi-tasking teams. More importantly, it is the characteristics of the multitasking team that contribute to these superior results, which can be attributed to network cognitive diversity, suggesting that extended networks, facilitated by indirectly-connected managers via local teammates, can largely enhance the scale of cognitive diversity, thus generating significant gains through information pooling and integration. In assessing possible mechanisms for the observed superior performance, we find evidence of improved decision-making induced by network cognitive diversity through both transmission and sharing of value-relevant information, and speedy information diffusion.

Investor’s Behavior and Mutual Fund - A Study in Cuttack City

In the fastest-growing economy of India, the mutual fund industry puts an emerging footprint in economic growth and development. Mutual funds create a simple and viable path for saving and investment. The mutual fund includes various investment benefits like liquidity, timely return, fund diversification, widespread analysis monetary allocation vis-à-vis a full disclosure of fund management. There are various investment products available for investment in the financial market. However, all these investment products must be able to meet an investor’s expectations? Hence to know the investor’s perception and expectation, it is necessary to study the implications of mutual funds from a unique perspective. This paper explains how different factors are affecting an individual’s perception of mutual funds. As per the findings, individuals are more inclined to traditional investment than an investment in a mutual fund. Those who have invested in mutual funds, most of them were selected equity option and Systematic investment plan or SIP. Another finding is that investors don’t want to analyze the inherent risks associated with the investment and need their fund managers and broker’s advice.