Acquisition Of Funds Research Articles

Maximizing research impact: strategies for securing competitive funding in research and development centers

PurposeThis study analyzes the effectiveness of research and development (R&D) organizations’ strategies for obtaining competitive international funding and the role of research management offices (RMOs) in this process. It examines the internal factors that influence the proactivity and effectiveness of R&D centers and provides a theoretical model for improving the fundraising capacity and, ultimately, the competitiveness and sustainability of these institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample comprised Spanish public R&D centers in the health and biomedical sectors. Partial least squares were used in the analyses to ensure the robustness of the results.FindingsSeveral independent variables showed a significant impact on the proactivity and effectiveness of R&D centers. The dispersed priorities of R&D managers reduce proactivity and fundraising effectiveness. Incentives and RMO workload increase proactivity, but workload alone also improves effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study focuses on the management of health and biomedical R&D centers. It examines the influence of internal factors, such as managerial priorities, RMO incentives and RMO workload, on competitive international funding. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for the development of internationally applicable management strategies to enhance the effectiveness of research funding acquisition.

From overlap to distinction: disentangling the concepts of terrorism financing and money laundering

Purpose This paper aims to address the existing gap in the anti-money laundering/counter-financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime and explore the possibility and effectiveness of disentangling the nexus between the two concepts. Design/methodology/approach The approach undertaken is doctrinal legal research by employing rigorous analysis of the legal terms of terrorism financing and money laundering. Findings Upon analysis, the study confirms that the two concepts are distinct; there is a slight overlap in the methods of acquisition of funds for both terrorists and money laundering; however, the purpose and intention of the two are totally separate and therefore creates a need for singular approach in tackling the two concepts. Enhanced collaboration between states and increased financial technologies will aid in better tackling of the two menaces. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to a desk review approach. Practical implications The study confirms the argument that the AML/CFT approach is ineffective in tackling money laundering and terrorism financing. Originality/value This paper delves into a deeper analysis of money laundering and terrorism financing and provides a nuanced understanding of the differences between the two terms.

The mirage of research and research expertise: Reflections on leading Horizon Europe bids

AbstractThis article offers critical reflections on the process of leading Horizon Europe research bids, drawing from the authors’ experiences with two funded projects: GRASS CEILING and SafeHabitus. It highlights the challenges and opportunities presented by multi‐actor research, which brings together researchers, policymakers, stakeholders and end users. We discuss strategies for developing and managing these partnerships, including approaches to participant compensation and engagement. We address the complexities of fitting research into the EU framework, noting how prescriptive call texts can sometimes limit innovative approaches. It raises questions about the role of academics in these projects, highlighting concerns about the potential for an instrumental approach to research that prioritises funding acquisition over intellectual curiosity. The authors provide recommendations for future co‐ordinators, emphasising the importance of clear communication, early deliverables to build team cohesion and showcasing participants from living labs or communities of practice. The article concludes with a call for honest debate about the significance of research within multi‐actor projects and suggests the development of mentoring systems for co‐ordinators.

Adapting International Business Models for EU Projects: Macro- and Micro-Foundations of the Uppsala Model in Multinational Collaborations

This study examines the adaptation of the Uppsala Model to enhance the management of European Union (EU)-funded projects, particularly focusing on the macro- and micro-foundational elements of the model. The Uppsala Model, originally developed for firm-level internationalization, provides a valuable framework for addressing the complex challenges of EU project implementation, which include bureaucratic hurdles, diverse stakeholder management, and the intricacies of European integration. This paper highlights the persistent issues faced by project managers despite improved application processes and skilled beneficiaries. By applying the Uppsala Model, which emphasizes incremental knowledge development and resource commitment, this study aims to bridge the gap between fund acquisition and project delivery. The integration of both macro- (broad external factors) and micro- (individual and organizational behaviors) perspectives of the Uppsala Model offers a comprehensive approach to managing international, multi-stakeholder EU initiatives. This approach is exemplified through the SuMaNu project, which addresses nutrient recycling and sustainable manure management in the Baltic Sea Region. The findings suggest that the Uppsala Model’s principles can be effectively applied to enhance the execution of complex EU projects by fostering better stakeholder relationships, incremental learning, and adaptive strategies. This study underscores the relevance of experiential learning and network perspectives in achieving successful project outcomes in the EU context.

Endemic and Threatened: The Conservation Value of the Philippine Duck

The Philippine duck (Anas luzonica) is a vulnerable species, endemic to the Philippines. The need of local people for food and land has led to the endangerment of the Philippine duck populations through illegal hunting and the conversion of wetlands to aquaculture and farmland. This study was conducted to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents (n = 500) in Maguindanao provinces for the conservation of the Philippine duck and the effects of conservation attitude and knowledge toward the Philippine duck, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, on WTP. The mean annual WTP for Philippine duck conservation was USD 0.60, and the total estimated annual amount that could be collected was USD 134 thousand when projected based on the number of households in the Maguindanao provinces. A positive conservation attitude and high knowledge increased the WTP for Philippine duck conservation. Females, pet owners, and those with higher income pledged a higher WTP than males, non-pet owners, and those with lower income. This study revealed that local residents are supportive of the conservation of the vulnerable duck populations by paying a considerable amount. These results are critical for designing and implementing outreach programs for increasing awareness and the acquisition of funds urgently needed for the protection and conservation of the remaining Philippine duck population in the area.

Kebijakan Cash Holding Pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Cyclicals di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of cash flow, dividends, market to book ratio, net working capital, leverage and Z-score on cash holding in consumer cyclicals sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. The type of data used is quantitative data sourced from secondary data. The population is consumer cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and 23 companies were obtained as samples. The research results show that cash flow, market to book ratio, net working capital have a significant and positive effect on cash holding. High cash flow indicates that cash inflow is greater than cash outflow, thus allowing the company to hold cash and use it to finance its operational activities. The market to book ratio indicates investment opportunities for the company, opens up easy access to capital markets and allows for easy acquisition of additional funds. Excess funds saved by the company will increase cash holdings. An increase in net working capital indicates an increase in cash balances because companies with high liquidity will generally hold large amounts of cash. On the other hand, the Z-score shows a significant and negative influence on cash holding. A high Z-score value indicates that the company is in a safe zone and does not need to hold a lot of cash because its financial condition is stable. Meanwhile, dividends and leverage do not show a significant influence on cash holding.

Management Strategy for Public Green Open Spaces in Medan City Using SWOT Analysis

Medan City, the third-largest city in Indonesia, faces significant challenges in managing its public green open spaces (RTH) due to high population density, rapid urbanization, and insufficient green space, which falls far short of the 30% mandated by law. This research assesses the management of public green spaces in Medan through a SWOT analysis, revealing internal strengths such as a Regional Spatial Plan and government commitment, alongside weaknesses like suboptimal management, lack of coordination between agencies, and inadequate regulations. External factors, including opportunities from NGO funding and potential land acquisition, contrast with threats like rapid population growth and misuse of green spaces. Through data collection methods, including focus group discussions, questionnaires, and interviews with key stakeholders, the research identified key areas for improvement in green space management. Strategic recommendations include strengthening policies, increasing public awareness, optimizing cross-sector collaboration, and promoting sustainable urban planning. Additionally, leveraging green spaces for economic growth through multifunctional uses can enhance their value to the community. This study concludes that public green open spaces in Medan City can contribute significantly to sustainable urban development and environmental balance if managed more effectively, with better coordination, stronger regulations, and resource allocation. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for urban planners and policy makers in achieving urban sustainability goals.

Community-based natural resource management in Roatan: Strengths and challenges.

This study explored the transformative journey of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in the Bay Islands National Marine Park, Honduras, revealing the interplay of cooperation, funding, and communication in fostering successful conservation initiatives. Using a mixed-method approach, we investigated the historical and legislative process and enabling conditions that led to the transition to CBNRM, based on Gruber's 12 key principles. In regards to the present CBNRM system, we looked at its strengths, its challenges, and whether its functioning is seen as satisfying by local resource-users. Findings showed that key CBNRM principles-including an enabling environment, conflict resolution, research-based decision-making, public trust, and monitoring-fostered the transition. Furthermore, satisfaction with reef management and perceived patrol effectiveness, which are pivotal aspects in CBNRM, exceeded 70% in Roatan. Challenges such as strengthening local institutions and enhancing compliance were identified. Nonetheless, co-managers are actively working to resolve these challenges by focusing on enforcement, diverse funding acquisition mechanisms and community participation. The study underscores the pivotal role of local NGOs and collaborative committees in facilitating successful CBNRM. By providing evidence-based insights, we highlight the efficacy of multilevel, co-management models in resource management and emphasize the value of adaptable strategies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of CBNRM dynamics in Latin America and the Caribbean, which may ultimately foster successful conservation initiatives in the Global South.

PENGARUH PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN MEMODERASI PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PLASTIK DAN KEMASAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PADA TAHUN 2019-2022

Financial management is a process of managing and controlling finances in an organization or company, which includes planning, organizing, directing and controlling financial activities such as the acquisition and use of funds. The main objective of financial management is to maximize company value and ensure that financial resources are used efficiently and effectively. The aim of this research is to analyze and test the influence of dividend policy in moderating profitability, company size and leverage on company value in packaging and plastics sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2022. The population in this study was 16 companies, which were then narrowed down based on criteria to become 8 companies. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this research used the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, show that Profitability has a positive but not significant effect on company value. Company size has a positive but not significant effect on company value. Leverage has a positive but not significant effect on company value. Dividend policy is unable to moderate the relationship between profitability and company value.

Understanding users of online energy efficiency counseling: comparison to representative samples in Norway.

To achieve substantial energy efficiency improvements in the privately owned building stock, it is important to communicate with potential renovators at the right point in time and provide them with targeted information to strengthen their renovation ambitions. The European Union recommends using one-stop-shops (OSSs), which provide information and support throughout the whole process, from planning to acquisition of funding, implementation, and evaluation as a measure to remove unnecessary barriers. For this paper, we invited visitors of two Norwegian websites with OSS characteristics to answer an online survey about their renovation plans and energy efficiency ambitions. The participants visited the websites out of their own interest; no recruitment for the websites was conducted as part of the study (N = 437). They also rated a range of psychological drivers, facilitators, and barriers to including energy upgrades in a renovation project. Their answers were then compared to existing data from representative samples of Norwegian households regarding home renovation in 2014, 2018, and 2023, as well as data from a sample of people who were engaged in renovation projects in 2014, which was collected by the research team with a similar online survey. Furthermore, 78 visitors completed a brief follow-up online survey one year later to report the implemented measures. We found that visitors of the websites are involved in more comprehensive renovation projects and have substantially higher ambitions for the upgrade of energy efficiency compared to the representative samples. They also perceive stronger personal and social norms, as well as have a different profile of facilitators and barriers. The findings suggest to policymakers that OSSs should be marketed especially to people motivated to upgrade energy efficiency but lack information and are unable to implement their plans alone. Also, the construction industry might refer interested people to such low-threshold online solutions to assist informed and more ambitious decisions.

Co-Design Workshops to Develop a Psychosocial Support Service Model for Refugees in Sweden Affected by Gender-Based Violence.

Experiencing gender-based violence (GBV) is common among refugees. Intersecting systems of oppression can increase the risk of GBV and of suffering detrimental consequences, while concurrently creating barriers to meaningful support. Despite this, refugees with lived experience of GBV are rarely involved in the development, planning and adaptation of services and policies. This article reports on a formative research process that aimed to involve public contributors (refugee victim-survivors of GBV) and relevant stakeholders in co-designing a service model aimed at improving psychosocial support in Sweden. Led by a partnership of public contributors and academic researchers, the research process consisted of iterative cycles of co-design workshops, complemented by scoping of existing literature. The co-design process resulted in a characterisation of the psychosocial service system needs, as perceived by the survivor co-researchers and stakeholders, and a two-level empowerment and support service model. The model included (i) a community-based intervention to promote help-seeking and (ii) psychosocial group support delivered in specialist clinics. Outcomes of the project included perceived benefits for those involved, service-led direct changes and acquisition of funding for continued research on the co-designed model. Improving psychosocial support for refugees in Sweden affected by GBV requires safe spaces to connect with peers and familiarise with available services, laws and rights in the society. Further, strengthened collaborations across sectors are necessary to meet the variety of needs. Co-design workshops were an effective way to initiate changes in the service delivery model for psychosocial support for refugees in Sweden affected by GBV. This is a participatory reflection on a participatory process. The survivor co-researchers contributed to designing and carrying out the PPI process and have co-authored this manuscript.

Through the secret gate: a study of member-contributed submissions in PNAS

This work studies “Contributed” articles in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), a streamlined submission track for members of the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS). We assess the characteristics and impact of those articles and the background and status of their authors, by comparing these articles to PNAS articles following the traditional editorial process. Analyzing over 46,000 articles published between 2007 and 2020, we find: Firstly, and perhaps most centrally, (1) Contributed articles generally appear in lower per-author citation deciles than Direct submissions, but are more likely to appear in the overall top citation deciles of authors; (2) PNAS-Contributed articles tend to spend less time in the review process than Direct submissions; (3) Direct submissions tend to be slightly higher cited than Contributed articles, which are particularly overrepresented amongst least-cited PNAS papers. Disciplinary differences were negligible; (4) authors with lower mean normalized citation scores are profiting most from articles published as Contributed papers, in terms of citation impact; (5) NAS members tend to publish most Contributed articles in the first years after becoming an NAS member, with men publishing more of these articles than women; (6) Contributing authors take up a unique niche in terms of authorship roles, mainly performing supervisory and conceptualisation tasks, without the administration and funding acquisition tasks usually associated with last authors.

Politicization of Humanitarian Aid Allocations by Global Donors and Implications on Selected Non-Governmental Organisations’ Performance in Nigeria

Organisations that focus on humanitarian concerns usually rely on voluntary donations and largesse from multiple ends, without which their operations cannot be implemented. The premise of the paper was established on the fact that humanitarian aid is ultimately complemented by humanitarian funding, which is in itself reliant on donors from multiple ends. As a result of this, it has become difficult to divorce the political nature of the influence of donors’ interests in the allocation and focus of the humanitarian funding offered. This has resulted in a dilemma. The study focused on the issue of the politicization of humanitarian funding and how it affects the delivery of humanitarian aid in selected non-governmental organisations in Nigeria. Using a qualitative approach, 10 participants, working with different NGOs in Nigeria and occupying different positions, were recruited to derive data on the topic. Semi-structured interviews were utilised. The data obtained were analysed via thematic analysis to decode the data and derive recurrent themes from it. The results of the study showed that there is a consensus among the participants on the virtually inevitable role of politics in the acquisition and subsequent distribution of humanitarian funding to address issues related to conflicts and disasters among diverse communities across Nigeria. This often negates the principle of independence and autonomy that NGOs should work by where, in most cases, the acceptance of humanitarian funding from donors often leaves their hands tied. The study offered recommendations along the lines of creating mechanisms of transparency and accountability from both donors and recipient NGOs, having local NGOs seek support from their communities to be more involved in humanitarian missions, and heightened collaboration between humanitarian actors to make funding easier, more effective, and less politicized.

Virtual Reality: Challenges of VR Game Development for Emerging Game Studios

This article is meant to investigate the challenges potentially being faced by an emerging game studio that tends to make VR games in early 2023 where VR technologies hit a plateau which barely having new features coming up, plus the decreasing population of VR players has advocated VR game development to face severe challenges to succeed in the VR field, thus, not being an early bird in the VR game field but tend to join this industry now could be found challenging. This paper explores the challenges faced by emerging game studios in the development, marketing, and economic realms of VR game production. It provides a comprehensive analysis from both macro and micro perspectives, drawing on existing research and scholarly conclusions. By addressing key points highlighted in the article, it advocates for the potential entry of small game studios into the VR gaming domain. Specifically, it delves into challenges concerning hardware, exclusivity, storytelling, marketing, user acceptance, competition, platforms, uncertainties, funding acquisition, short-term sustainability, originality, publishing regions, and engine selection.

A Comprehensive Approach to Safeguard Credit Card Transactions and Fraud Prevention

The escalating prevalence of financial fraud within the financial sector poses profound challenges. Detecting credit card fraud in online transactions necessitates data mining due to inherent complexities. Addressing two key issues—evolving patterns in legitimate and fraudulent behaviors and highly skewed datasets of credit card frauds—renders the task challenging. This paper scrutinizes the performance of naive Bayes, KNN, and logistic regression on significantly imbalanced credit card fraud data comprising 284,807 transactions from European cardholders. The dataset's skewness is addressed through a hybrid under-sampling and oversampling approach. The three techniques are applied to both unprocessed and preprocessed data. Fraud detection, defined as a set of activities thwarting illicit acquisition of assets or funds through deceptive means, varies across industries and methods. Credit card fraud, particularly susceptible due to its ease and prevalence in e-commerce and online platforms, prompted the adoption of diverse machine learning strategies to combat rising fraud rates. This paper employs machine learning algorithms for credit card fraud detection, utilizing a publicly available credit card dataset for model evaluation. While acknowledging that achieving 100% accuracy in fraud detection is elusive, the paper emphasizes the real-world applicability of its findings through the analysis of credit card data from a financial institution. In addition to assessing model efficacy, the study introduces noise into the data samples to evaluate algorithm robustness. Experimental outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the majority voting method, achieving commendable accuracy rates in detecting credit card fraud cases. The study sheds light on the pressing issue of credit card fraud, emphasizing the importance of deploying robust machine learning approaches for timely and accurate detection in real-world scenarios.

Reducing the global burden of cerebral venous thrombosis: An international research agenda.

Due to the rarity of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), performing high-quality scientific research in this field is challenging. Providing answers to unresolved research questions will improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and ultimately translate to a better outcome of patients with CVT. We present an international research agenda, in which the most important research questions in the field of CVT are prioritized. This research agenda has three distinct goals: (1) to provide inspiration and focus to research on CVT for the coming years, (2) to reinforce international collaboration, and (3) to facilitate the acquisition of research funding. This international research agenda is the result of a research summit organized by the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in June 2023. The summit brought together 45 participants from 15 countries including clinical researchers from various disciplines, patients who previously suffered from CVT, and delegates from industry and non-profit funding organizations. The research agenda is categorized into six pre-specified themes: (1) epidemiology and clinical features, (2) life after CVT, (3) neuroimaging and diagnosis, (4) pathophysiology, (5) medical treatment, and (6) endovascular treatment. For each theme, we present two to four research questions, followed by a brief substantiation per question. The research questions were prioritized by the participants of the summit through consensus discussion. This international research agenda provides an overview of the most burning research questions on CVT. Answering these questions will advance our understanding and management of CVT, which will ultimately lead to improved outcomes for CVT patients worldwide.

515 Implementation of a Translational Science Research Center in a high education level institution in Colombia - Latin America: Unisabana Center for Translational Science (UCTS)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To establish and develop a high-level, dynamic, and self-sustainable Translational Science – research center in Colombia that promotes and articulates collaborative participation among different disciplines at Universidad de La Sabana to generate impactful solutions in health to transfer the knowledge to the local community. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: With the support of core units of the University, internal funding was given for the establishment of the Research Center. An internal call was performed for recruiting researchers for multiple disciplines interested in joining the UCTS. After the researchers were selected, training of the research community in translational science and funding acquisition was performed towards the objective of interdisciplinary projects with impact in the local community. Project management strategies have been used for the follow-up of the advancements of the implementation of the UCTS. Operational structure and business plan for future self-sustainability are being designed. UCTS is proposed as an articulating party among different actors in clinics, research, and industry, for science and funding management. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: As an starting point, 8 research groups of different disciplines of the University have been integrated with the UCTS, increasing the research capacity in translational science. Internal administrative processes have been articulated within the institution and unified processes for international grants applications have been established in order to optimize the funding acquisition and management. Training programs for the research community, and community engagement activities have been offered as well. Networking relationships have been strengthened among the researchers enhancing international collaborations. Novel research projects are being designed towards real solutions in health for the local community, promoting the transference of knowledge from the benchside to the community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The implementation of the UCTS led to the integration of disciplines within the University, towards new research projects with common interests for the local community. It has been an enriched experience using the project management approach, fulfilling a huge milestone for the University, aligned with the internal strategic priorities

519 Strategic Reinvestment of Sponsored Trials Residuals for Research Portfolio Development

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Academic research is often viewed as a necessary core mission but a financial loss requiring central or clinical funds support. We present cases as evidence of sustaining academic unit research endeavors through strategic planning and reinvestment of sponsored clinical trials residuals. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Successful endeavors are presented that demonstrate strategic reinvestment of clinical trials residuals to develop robust academic self-sustaining research programs. A multi-year strategic plan was developed leveraging residuals from sponsored clinical trials to build an academic research infrastructure supporting extramural grant applications, pilot studies, pre- and post-award management, equipment investment, and faculty incentives. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Example 1, pooling four existing department clinical trials generated yearly profits that expanded clinical trials capacity and used residuals to support a grant coordinator. Over 7 years, trial volume increased to near 50, revenue increased to $2.5 million annually, staffing increased to 20 FTEs, and extramural grant applications increased from 16 to 50. Example 2 started with a department with no infrastructure. Central support was leveraged for 6-months to support a coordinator to initiate a clinical trials program. The initial investment was offset by trials earnings by year 2, breaking even financially, while establishing a nascent yet robust infrastructure to build autonomously without additional central funding requests. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Utilizing sponsored clinical trials as a strategic investment fund, academic units can realize fiscally responsible expansion of research activities and national recognition through acquisition of extramural funding and investigator-initiated investigations.

Potentials of Rural Tourism Around Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa: Local Community Perspective

Developing nations continue to place a high priority on rural development, especially those like South Africa (SA) that have large rural populations and little or no economic activity. In addition to urban tourism, rural tourism is another type of tourism that is gaining popularity. This study conducted in the context of SA, KwaZulu-Natal, aimed at assessing the potentials of rural tourism in the communities surrounding Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park (HiP). A qualitative research method based on the explorative and interpretative paradigms was used. A purposive technique was used in a form of non-probability sampling. Focus group discussions were held with the participants. Three (3) focus group discussions were conducted with a total of twenty-four (24) participants, eight (8) participants in each group. Content analysis was performed to analyse data. Results revealed that the study area lacked access to basic infrastructure like decent road networks as well as access to clean water and sanitary facilities. The research further revealed that residents in the study area lacked fundamental understanding of what it takes to operate effective tourism enterprises. The study recommends that rural offerings be positioned and offered as parts of tourist products and services within this rural space, after the study area weaknesses have been addressed. The study further suggests that leadership should be committed to advancing the growth of rural tourism through capacity building, including training citizens and assisting in the creation of business strategies and the acquisition of funding for the launch of new ventures.

A STUDY ON MARUTI SUZUKI COMPANY FINANCIAL REVIEW

Every business organization, whether manufacturing oriented or service oriented, needs finance, i.e., money for carrying on its activities. Though business organization gets sufficient money for carrying its activities, success of the business depends on how well the organization manages them. That is, its depends on how well a business organization funds its capital and how efficiently it operates out of the invested capital to generate profit. While the success of the of a business also a subjective measure how well a firm can finance its assets and make use of the assetsto generate revenues, the business can be stable and healthy if it is financial performance consistently yields profit. These measures often determine whether or notthat level of performance is considered adequate. Further, a business organization is considered to be inefficient, if the performance level is often found to be low, even if itis making profit. Financial management is that part of management which deals with raising of funds in the most economical and suitable manner, using the funds as profitability as possible, planning future operations, inspections, controlling current performance and future development through financial accounting and other means. No business can plan its activities without considering its financial resources The business functions ofa finance department typically include planning, organizing, accounting andcontrolling the company’s finance and to ensure intensive and economic use of capitalresources of the organization. Since business firms are profit seeking organizations, their functions are to maximize the company’s wealth. Asset management, costing, budgeting, credit management, debit management are the other functions of the finance department. Finance in essence is considered with the acquisition and use of funds by a business firm. The main objective of financial management is to control required funds for meeting short term and long-term needs of business enterprise and to maximize the value of firm to its equity share holders.To have a clear understanding of the profitability and financial position ofbusiness, the financial statements have to be analyzed and interpreted. Financial Title: Suzuki cars