Fundamental Relationship Research Articles

Revealing the influence of in-situ formed LiCl on garnet/Li interface for dendrite-free solid-state batteries

Inadequate interfacial contact between lithium and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) leads to elevated impedance and the growth of lithium dendrites, presenting significant obstacles to the practical viability of solid-state batteries (SSBs). To ameliorate interfacial contact, optimizing the surface treatment of SSEs has been widely adopted. However, the formation of LiCl through acid treatment, an equally crucial factor impacting SSB performance, has received limited attention, leaving its underlying mechanism unclear. Our study aims to shed light on SSE characteristics following LiCl formation and the removal of Li2CO3 through acid treatment. We seek to establish quantifiable links between SSE surface structure and SSB performance, focusing on interfacial resistance, current distribution, critical current density (CCD), and lithium deposition. The formation of LiCl, occurring as Li2CO3 is removed through acid treatment, effectively mitigates lithium dendrite formation on SSE surfaces. This action inhibits electron injection and reduces the diffusion rate of Li atoms. Simultaneously, acid treatment transforms the SSE surface into a lithiophilic state by eliminating surface Li2CO3. Consequently, the interfacial resistance between lithium and SSEs substantially decreases from 487.67 to 35.99 Ω cm2 at 25 °C. This leads to a notably high CCD of 1.3 mA cm−2 and a significantly extended cycle life of 1,000 h. Furthermore, in full SSBs incorporating LiCoO2 cathodes and acid-treated garnet SSEs, we observe exceptional cyclability and rate capability. Our findings highlight that acid treatment not only establishes a fundamental relationship between SSE surfaces and battery performance but also offers an effective strategy for addressing interfacial challenges in SSBs.

Pedagogy of Relation and Educational Communities

The paper challenges the efficacy of traditional educational reforms focused on accountability, choice, and technology, proposing that the essence of education lies in the relational dynamics between teachers and students. The author explores the concept of the relational self, arguing that education involves the development of diverse relational selves through various life stages. The author critiques dominant educational theories for neglecting the fundamental caregiver-child relationship, emphasizing the need for educational relationships that balance support and challenge. The text advocates for a new dimension of educational accountability that measures relational well-being, calling for a paradigm shift to recognize the importance of relational dynamics in educational outcomes and student experiences. The work presents a case for redefining educational success beyond conventional metrics, underscoring the transformative power of relational pedagogy.

Communities in C. elegans connectome through the prism of non-backtracking walks

The fundamental relationship between the mesoscopic structure of neuronal circuits and organismic functions they subserve is one of the major challenges in contemporary neuroscience. Formation of structurally connected modules of neurons enacts the conversion from single-cell firing to large-scale behaviour of an organism, highlighting the importance of their accurate profiling in the data. While connectomes are typically characterized by significant sparsity of neuronal connections, recent advances in network theory and machine learning have revealed fundamental limitations of traditionally used community detection approaches in cases where the network is sparse. Here we studied the optimal community structure in the structural connectome of Caenorhabditis elegans, for which we exploited a non-conventional approach that is based on non-backtracking random walks, virtually eliminating the sparsity issue. In full agreement with the previous asymptotic results, we demonstrated that non-backtracking walks resolve the ground truth annotation into clusters on stochastic block models (SBM) with the size and density of the connectome better than the spectral methods related to simple random walks. Based on the cluster detectability threshold, we determined that the optimal number of modules in a recently mapped connectome of C. elegans is 10, which precisely corresponds to the number of isolated eigenvalues in the spectrum of the non-backtracking flow matrix. The discovered communities have a clear interpretation in terms of their functional role, which allows one to discern three structural compartments in the worm: the Worm Brain (WB), the Worm Movement Controller (WMC), and the Worm Information Flow Connector (WIFC). Broadly, our work provides a robust network-based framework to reveal mesoscopic structures in sparse connectomic datasets, paving way to further investigation of connectome mechanisms for different functions.

Agreement or Contrariety? A Dialogue

In one of his blog posts, Martin Lenz refers to Wittgenstein’s Rabbit-duck; a picture puzzle that can interpretated as depicting a rabbit or a duck. The point of this analogy is that what we are perceiving corresponds to our personal experiences which can be shaped in discussions with others even though we remain incapable to grasp both pictures at once. The starting point of the following dialogue is exactly such a Rabbit-duck-illusion. Reading Lenz’ chapter on Spinoza again and again, I remained unsure whether contrariety or agreement is the fundamental relation which warrants his claim that minds are intrinsically social. The aim of this text is to enter into dialogue on this subject and examine the problems and advantages of both readings. Must it necessarily be the case that contrariety and agreement are mutually exclusive like the two parts of the Rabbit-duck?

Data-driven numerical simulation with extended Kalman filtering and long short-term memory networks for highway traffic flow prediction

Abstract Developing an accurate and reliable computational tool for traffic flow prediction has always been an active research topic in transportation engineering and planning. The available predictive tools generally fall into parametric, nonparametric, and PDE-based approaches. In particular, the machine learning methods, such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, belong to the nonparametric methods. This study proposes the data assimilation technique with LSTM for predicting highway traffic flows. The proposed method is developed under the framework of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, which consists of two key components: the analysis and prediction steps. As the numerical simulator, a kernel component of the predictive tool, we use an explicit (EX) Godunov's scheme to discretize the Lighthill-Whitham- Richards model, where the MacNicholas formulation is used as the fundamental relation between the velocity and density. EKF combines LSTM prediction from two perspectives. In practical scenarios, future data at the upstream or downstream boundary points are unavailable. Therefore, the predicted values generated by LSTM are employed to set boundary conditions. Furthermore, two stages in EKF assimilate the LSTM predicted values, known as pseudo-observations, and the observed data in order with background values obtained through numerical simulation and observed data whenever available. This assimilation process aims to obtain a better initial condition for subsequent predictions, resulting in improved accuracy. Based on traffic data for the historical Hsuehshan Tunnel highway traffic data in Taiwan, the numerical results demonstrate that our method can effectively reduce the observation error and outperforms three baselines: EX, EKF, and LSTM.

Facial Recognition Databases: Recent Developments and Review of Methods

Facial recognition is one of the most important biometrics that many researchers are increasingly studying, as it is used in various applications such as surveillance, security, law enforcement, information, person identification, smart cards, access control, etc. There is a fundamental relationship between the development of facial recognition algorithms and the possibility of the existence of databases of different faces that influence the appearance of the face in a constrained manner. Standard datasets of images of appropriate size for a subject should be accessible to the public to compare the performance and assessment of identification or verification of a facial recognition system. This paper aims to present a review of the most popular 2D unmasked and masked face datasets available in the current century that are accessible for free download or can be certified with an acceptable effort, where these databases are suitable for training and testing 2D face recognition approaches. Also, this review discussed the evaluation metrics for face recognition and their two types of tasks (identification and verification).

The Schweitzer effect: The fundamental relationship between experience and medical students’ opinions on professional behaviours

Purpose We examined whether medical students’ opinions on the acceptability of a behaviour were influenced by previously encountering a similar professionally challenging situation, assessed the magnitude of effect of ‘experience’ compared to other demographic factors which influence medical students’ opinions, and evaluated whether opinions regarding some situations/behaviours were more susceptible to ‘experience’ bias? Methods Confidential, on-line survey for medical students distributed to Australian and New Zealand (AUS/NZ) medical schools. Students submitted de-identified demographic information, provided opinions on the acceptability of a wide range of student behaviours in professionally challenging situations, and whether they had encountered similar situations. Results 3171 students participated from all 21 Aus/NZ medical schools (16% of registered students). Medical students reported encountering many of the professionally challenging situations, with varying opinions on what was acceptable behaviour. The most significant factor influencing acceptability towards a behaviour was whether the student reported encountering a similar situation. The professional dilemmas most significantly influenced by previous experience typically related to behaviours that students could witness in clinical environments, and often involved breaches of trust. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the relationship between experience and medical students’ opinions on professional behaviour- the ‘Schweitzer effect’. When students encounter poor examples of professional behaviour, especially concerning trust breaches, it significantly influences their perception of the behaviour. These results highlight the importance of placing students in healthcare settings with positive professional role modelling/work cultures.

Dwarf Galaxies Show Little ISM Evolution from z ∼ 1 to z ∼ 0: A Spectroscopic Study of Metallicity, Star Formation, and Electron Density

We present gas-phase metallicity measurements for 583 emission line galaxies at 0.3 < z < 0.85, including 388 dwarf galaxies with , and explore the dependence of the metallicity on the stellar mass and star formation (SF) properties of the galaxies. Metallicities are determined through the measurement of emission lines in very deep (∼7 hr exposure) Keck/DEIMOS spectra taken primarily from the HALO7D survey. We measure metallicity with three strong-line calibrations (O3Hβ, R23, and O3O2) for the overall sample, as well as with the faint [Ne iii]λ3869 and [O iii]λ4363 emission lines for 112 and 17 galaxies where robust detections were possible. We construct mass–metallicity relations (MZR) for each calibration method, finding MZRs consistent with other strong-line results at comparable redshift, as well as with z ∼ 0 galaxies. We quantify the intrinsic scatter in the MZR as a function of mass, finding it increases with lower stellar mass. We also measure a weak but significant correlation between increased MZR scatter and higher specific star formation rate (SFR). We find a weak influence of SFR in the fundamental metallicity relation as well, with an SFR coefficient of α = 0.21. Finally, we use the flux ratios of the [O ii]λ λ 3727,3729 doublet to calculate gas electron density in ∼1000 galaxies with as a function of redshift. We measure low electron densities (n e ∼ 25 cm−3) for z < 1 galaxies, again consistent with z ≈ 0 conditions, but measure higher densities (n e ∼ 100 cm−3) at z > 1. These results all suggest that there is little evolution in star-forming interstellar medium conditions from z ∼ 1 to z = 0, confirmed with a more complete sample of low-mass galaxies than has previously been available in this redshift range.

Perturbation to conformal invariance and adiabatic invariants of generalized perturbed Hamiltonian system with additional terms

In this article, by considering the generalized perturbed Hamiltonian systems with additional terms, approximate conformal invariance and adiabatic invariants are studied. These invariants are obtained using approximate Lie point symmetries and without solving the structural equation. The necessary and sufficient condition for the relation between approximate conformal invariance and approximate Lie symmetry is obtained. The fundamental relationship between integrals and variables is presented herein, which is applicable to perturbed dynamic systems of both linear and non-linear nature. The approach is implemented on perturbed Hamiltonian systems of a generalized nature, featuring supplementary components of even dimensions. Additionally, the study derives the Hojman adiabatic invariants for generalized perturbed Hamiltonian systems with additional terms. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the practical implementation of the findings.

The Role of Anesthesia in Pain Management: Advancements in Perioperative Analgesia

This paper examines in detail the important role of anesthesia in perioperative pain management, focusing on recent advances in perioperative analgesia on. This paper examines the fundamental relationship between anesthesia and analgesia, with particular emphasis on recent innovations in surgical analgesic techniques. This study aims to elucidate the evolving panorama of anesthesia in surgical settings, losing light on how those trends are improving ache manipulate for sufferers. This paper uses a rigorous research approach including an extensive literature review and empirical data collection to support the findings. This study demonstrates the significant impact of modern anesthesia, including important insights into alternative mechanisms of action and effectiveness, for healthcare professionals and researchers in this field gain valuable insights. By addressing these factors, this paper seeks to inform the understanding of how anesthesia plays an important role in improving the perioperative experience of patients by improving pain and to make progress. Keywords: Anesthesia, Pain Management, perioperative Analgesia, Healthcare professionals, Patients care.

A Field Study on the Influence of Japanese Anime Culture on the Development of Comic Conventions in China: A Case Study of a Comic Convention in a Fifth-Tier City

Since the 1960s, Japanese anime has swept the world with its interesting and relaxing characteristics, gradually increasing its influence around the world. As a country with a long history of communication with Japan, China has naturally been greatly influenced by its anime culture. The comic convention industry, which developed as a derivative of anime culture, also has a fundamental relationship with anime culture. Based on the field study method, this paper will focus on the development process of A comic convention and explore the impact of Japanese anime culture on the development of Chinas comic convention industry at different stages, attempting to respond to the important issue of the relationship between Japanese culture and Chinas cultural industry development. The study found that the influence of Japanese anime culture on Chinas comic convention industry has shown a process characteristic of changing from a promoting role to a restrictive role.

On pseudo-Riemannian quartics in Finsler geometry

Finsler geometry usually describes an extension of Riemannian geometry into a direction-dependent geometric structure. Historically, the well-known Riemann quartic length element example served as the inspiration for this construction. Surprisingly, the same quartic expression emerges as a fundamental dispersion relationcovariant Fresnel equationin solid-state electrodynamics. As a result, it is possible to conceive of the Riemann quartic length expression as a mathematical representation of a well-known physical phenomenon. This paper provides a number of Riemann quartic examples that show Finsler geometry to be overly constrictive for many applications, even when the signature space is positive definite in the Euclidean sense. The strong axioms of Finsler geometry are broken down on many more singular hypersurfaces for the spaces having an indefinite (Minkowski) signature. We suggest a more flexible definition of a Finsler structure that only has to hold for open subsets of a manifold’s tangent bundle. We demonstrate the distinctive singular hypersurfaces connected to the Riemann quartic and discuss the potential physics explanations for them. As an illustration of the pseudo-Riemannian quartic, we took into consideration the dispersion relation that appears in electromagnetic wave propagation in uniaxial crystal. Our analysis suggests that the signature of the Finsler measure may be altered for large anisotropy factors.

Reader-Writer Relationship: A Rhetorical Narrative Analysis of A Tale for the Time Being

Ruth Ozekis work A Tale for the Time Being has piqued world-wide interest in its thematic extensity and unique style. Previous theme studies on one of the novels most fundamental topics reader-writer relationship, proves insightful in understanding the novels artistic construction. In light of Phelans rhetorical theory of narrative, the paper intends to build on the interpretation of the novels aesthetic value by employing three of the core concepts of Phelans theory four dimension readers, narrative progression and narrative judgements to better demonstrate the significance of readers involvement not only in building, but also propelling and revealing the dynamics of the multilayered reader-writer relationship. By analyzing various engagements readers have with characters and the implied author, the paper shows that rather than through overarching explanations, the novel preserves the relationships elusive nature through a multilayered reading experience.

Steady-state thermodynamics of a system with heat and mass flow coupling.

Equilibrium thermodynamics describes the energy exchange of a body with its environment. Here, we describe the global energy exchange of an ideal gas in the Coutte flow in a thermodynamic-like manner. We derive a fundamental relation between internal energy as a function of parameters of state. We analyze a non-equilibrium transition in the system and postulate the extremum principle, which determines stable steady states in the system. The steady-state thermodynamic framework resembles equilibrium thermodynamics.

Whole blood RNA extraction efficiency contributes to variability in RNA sequencing data sets.

Numerous methodologies are used for blood RNA extraction, and large quantitative differences in recovered RNA content are reported. We evaluated three archived data sets to determine how extraction methodologies might influence mRNA and lncRNA sequencing results. The total quantity of RNA recovered /ml of blood affects RNA sequencing by impacting the recovery of weakly expressed mRNA, and lncRNA transcripts. Transcript expression (TPM counts) plotted in relation to transcript size (base pairs, bp) revealed a 30% loss of short to midsized transcripts in some data sets. Quantitative recovery of RNA is of considerable importance, and it should be viewed more judiciously. Transcripts common to the three data sets were subsequently normalized and transcript mean TPM counts and TPM count coefficient of variation (CV) were plotted in relation to increasing transcript size. Regression analysis of mean TPM counts versus transcript size revealed negative slopes in two of the three data sets suggesting a reduction of TPM transcript counts with increasing transcript size. In the third data set, the regression slope line of mRNA transcript TPM counts approximates zero and TPM counts increased in proportion to transcript size over a range of 200 to 30,000 bp. Similarly, transcript TPM count CV values also were uniformly distributed over the range of transcript sizes. In the other data sets, the regression CV slopes increased in relation to transcript size. The recovery of weakly expressed and /or short to midsized mRNA and lncRNA transcripts varies with different RNA extraction methodologies thereby altering the fundamental sequencing relationship between transcript size and TPM counts. Our analysis identifies differences in RNA sequencing results that are dependent upon the quantity of total RNA recovery from whole blood. We propose that incomplete RNA extraction directly impacts the recovery of mRNA and lncRNA transcripts from human blood and speculate these differences contribute to the "batch" effects commonly identified between sequencing results from different archived data sets.

Generating and understanding human daily activity sequences using Time-Varying Markov Chain models

Human activity patterns have raised broad interests across fields and activity-based modeling has been applied to analyze travel behaviors, effects of policies, etc. In this paper, we examined daily activity sequences from large volumes of datasets collected in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area over thirty years. We show that, using a simple time-varying (inhomogeneous) Markov Chain model, activity sequences at the individual level can be generated with high accuracy. The predictive power of the model is comparable to neural network models when generating activity sequences for each administrative region. The results are surprising considering the huge number of potential activity sequences and the complicated process of activity planning. A fundamental relationship between time-varying Markov Chain models and Multinomial Logit models is recognized to understand the unexpected accuracy. A new mechanism is proposed on how people make daily activity plans from the perspective of cost and utility, where the probability of one plan being chosen is the same as the probability of it being generated by the Markov Chain model. From this perspective, the Markov process becomes a utility-based model. Furthermore, given the average time-varying transition probabilities over a large spatial and temporal scale, the Markov Chain model for any specific area is reconstructed with six parameters. The generation accuracy using the reconstructed model is examined. Moreover, the statistical characteristics of the costs assigned to the Markov Chain model are investigated.

Dietary carotenoid supplementation has long-term and community-wide effects on the amphibian skin microbiome.

The amphibian skin microbiome plays a crucial role in host immunity and pathogen defence, yet we know little about the environmental drivers of skin microbial variation across host individuals. Inter-individual variation in the availability of micro-nutrients such as dietary carotenoids, which are involved in amphibian immunity, may be one factor that influences skin microbial assembly across different life history stages. We compared the effect of four carotenoid supplementation regimes during different life stages on the adult skin microbiome using a captive population of the critically endangered southern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree. We applied 16S rRNA sequencing paired with joint-species distribution models to examine the effect of supplementation on taxon abundances. We found that carotenoid supplementation had subtle yet taxonomically widespread effects on the skin microbiome, even 4.5 years post supplementation. Supplementation during any life-history stage tended to have a positive effect on the number of bacterial taxa detected, although explanatory power was low. Some genera were sensitive to supplementation pre-metamorphosis, but most demonstrated either additive or dominant effects, whereby supplementation during one life history stage had intermediate or similar effects, respectively, to supplementation across life. Carotenoid supplementation increased abundances of taxa belonging to lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus and Enterococcus, a group of bacteria that have previously been linked to protection against the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While the fitness benefits of these microbial shifts require further study, these results suggest a fundamental relationship between nutrition and the amphibian skin microbiome which may be critical to amphibian health and the development of novel conservation strategies.

Geometrical description of equations related to the E8 affine Weyl group

We present a method for the construction of the trajectory of a discrete Painlev\'e equation associated with the affine Weyl group E$_8^{(1)}$ on the weight lattice of said group. The method is based on the geometrical description of the lattice and the construction of the fundamental Miura relation. To this end we introduce the relation between the nonlinear variables and the corresponding $\tau$ functions. Our approach is heuristic and makes use of some simple rules of thumb in order to derive the result. Once the latter is obtained, verifying that it does indeed correspond to the equation at hand is elementary. We apply our approach to the explicit construction of the trajectory of well-known, E$_8^{(1)}$ associated, discrete Painlev\'e equations derived in previous works of ours. For each of them we investigate the possibility of defining an evolution by periodically skipping up to four intermediate points in the trajectory and identifying the resulting equation to one previously obtained, whenever the latter exists.

Prediction of surface damage behavior in rolling contacts using torsional fatigue results and surface roughness modeling

This paper presents a novel approach to predict the effect of surface roughness on surface damage in rolling contacts. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests were conducted on AISI 4130 case carburized steel specimens at two different roughness levels, Ra=0.3μm and 0.1μm, under boundary lubrication regime. The RCF experiments were performed using a Thrust Bearing Surface Pitting Rig employing a ball-on-flat configuration. Surface damage was assessed at different combinations of contact pressure and fatigue cycles using optical surface profilometry. Subsequently, the surface damage stress-life (S–N) results were generated at both roughness levels. Torsional fatigue experiments were also performed on the same material. The torsional fatigue S–N results were combined with stress concentrations at the RCF test surfaces due to roughness to predict the surface damage S–N results. A dry circular contact model incorporating the surface roughness was developed and utilized to compute the stress concentration at the contact. The S–N results based on the von-Mises stresses were compared for RCF and torsional fatigue. The predicted results corroborated well with the experimental findings. The approach developed in this investigation illustrates the fundamental relationship between RCF and torsional fatigue.

Rights and the human condition of non-sovereignty: Rethinking Arendt’s critique of human rights with Rancière and Balibar

If the instance of human rights cannot ensure the protection of the rightless, as Arendt famously claimed, how can the rightless struggle for freedom and equality? In this essay, I attempt to answer this question by reconsidering Arendt’s influential critique of human rights in light of the two polar responses it evoked from contemporary French philosophers Jacques Rancière and Étienne Balibar. Rancière, who objects to Arendt’s delimiting of the political, finds her argument excluding and dangerous. Balibar, on the other hand, believes that it conveys an immense potential for politics to come, as it points to the dialectical political truth of equaliberty. In the following, I show the problematics of Rancière’s ingenious formulation of rights, and the answer Balibar’s original interpretation of Arendt’s thought might suggest in response. I contend that working through Rancière’s critique of Arendt’s argument and Balibar’s affirmation of it not only highlights the merits of her critical account but also points to the fundamental relation between Arendt’s work on rights and her later discussions of the human condition of non-sovereignty and the power of promises. I believe that such a reading can contribute to our interpretation of Arendt, and pave new routes of action for non-citizens (such as refugees, stateless persons and subjects of military occupation), who cannot employ the authorities’ strength for their protection.