Fundamental Pillars Research Articles

Sustaining Growth: Mapping the Rural Market Ecosystem with Innovative Marketing

Sustaining growth in the context of rural markets involves a multifaceted approach that intertwines understanding the market ecosystem with innovative marketing strategies. The rural landscape, often characterized by diverse demographics, unique socio-economic challenges, and distinct consumer behaviors, presents both opportunities and complexities for businesses aiming to paper aims to explore the critical components of sustaining growth in rural markets, emphasizing the significance of mapping the rural market ecosystem and deploying innovative marketing approaches to effectively engage and serve these populations.
 The analysis delves into the fundamental pillars of mapping the rural market ecosystem, highlighting the importance of understanding the cultural nuances, economic structures, and infrastructural dynamics within these regions. This comprehension serves as the groundwork for tailoring marketing strategies that resonate with the needs, aspirations, and lifestyles of the rural populace.
 Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges faced by businesses seeking to enter or expand within rural markets, encompassing issues related to distribution networks, last-mile connectivity, and establishing trust among rural consumers. Addressing these challenges necessitates a strategic blend of traditional and modern marketing techniques, coupled with an emphasis on building relationships within these communities.
 The paper draws insights from diverse sources, including academic research, industry case studies, and expert opinions, to present a comprehensive overview of sustaining growth in rural markets through innovative marketing. It aspires to guide businesses and marketers in navigating the intricate landscape of rural economies, fostering sustainable and mutually beneficial relationships between companies and rural consumers.

Freedom of speech in universities: between competence and geopolitics

Academic freedoms, including freedom of speech, were one of the fundamental pillars of the university system. They allowed the European medieval society to consolidate and form nation-states. But in their competition, freedom of speech was seen by the authorities as an obstacle to achieving world leadership. With the end of the Cold War, the perception of freedom of speech changed, on the one hand enhancing the freedom of movement of students, but on the other hand limiting it to a utilitarian approach to learning.

Mental Skills for Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery training focuses primarily on the knowledge base and surgical techniques that comprise the fundamental and physical pillars of performance. It also pays much less attention to the mental pillar of performance than does the training of other specialists such as aviators, elite athletes, musicians, and Special Forces operators. However, mental skills optimize the ability to achieve the ideal state during surgery that includes absolute focus with the right amount of confidence and stress. The path to this state begins before surgery with visualization of the surgical steps and potential complications. On the day of surgery, the use of compartmentalization, performance aspirations, performance breathing, and keeping the team focused facilitates achieving and maintaining the proper mental state. Considering the similarities between surgery and other fields of expertise that do emphasize the mental pillar, including this training in orthopaedic residencies, is likely beneficial.

Digital Twin of a Water Supply System Using the Asset Administration Shell.

The concept of digital twins is one of the fundamental pillars of Industry 4.0. Digital twin allows the realization of a virtual model of a real system, enhancing the relevant performance (e.g., in terms of production rate, risk prevention, energy saving, and maintenance operation). Current literature presents many contributions pointing out the advantages that may be achieved by the definition of a digital twin of a water supply system. The Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 introduces the concept of the Asset Administration Shell for the digital representation of components within the Industry 4.0 ecosystem. Several proposals are currently available in the literature considering the Asset Administration Shell for the realization of a digital twin of real systems. To the best of the authors' knowledge, at the moment, the adoption of Asset Administration Shell for the digital representation of a water supply system is not present in the current literature. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to present a methodological approach for developing a digital twin of a water supply system using the Asset Administration Shell metamodel. The paper will describe the approach proposed by the author and the relevant model based on Asset Administration Shell, pointing out that its implementation is freely available on the GitHub platform.

<p>A critical appraisal of the governance indicators of the DTI methodology using IRT models: an application to destinations of Caceres and Badajoz.</p>

STD model is a project promoted by the Spanish Secretary of State for Tourism and managed by the Sociedad Mercantil Estatal para la Gestión de la Innovación y las Tecnologías Turísticas (Segittur) whose objective is to convert Spanish tourist destinations into Smart Tourism Destinations (STD). To this end, the STD methodology has been implemented, which is based on five fundamental pillars: governance, innovation, technology, sustainability and accessibility.
 This paper focuses on the first of these five pillars: governance. To measure governance, Segittur has developed a set of indicators included in the UNE 178502 standard of January 2022. Based on this proposal of indicators, the authors have developed a set of 15 tourism governance indicators, which have been measured in the 28 territories into which the whole of Extremadura can be divided (24 Local Action Groups and 4 cities). From the data obtained, the Item Response Theory was used to estimate the two-parameter model (2PL). The estimates of the parameters of this model have not only made it possible to characterise each indicator in terms of its difficulty and discrimination parameters, but also to establish a latent scale of tourism governance on which the 28 territories analysed have been positioned. The study leads to the conclusion that not all indicators are equally important in the measurement of tourism governance, and that tourist destinations interested in making effective progress in terms of tourism intelligence should focus their strategy on the fulfilment of certain governance objectives and leave the achievement of other less effective governance objectives in terms of improving tourism intelligence in the second term.

Perceção da família sobre a segurança nos cuidados à criança hospitalizada: scoping review

Introduction Patient safety is one of the fundamental pillars of the quality of healthcare. The perception of families of hospitalized children allows for an expanded understanding of the factors contributing to the occurrence of safety incidents, raising awareness among healthcare professionals and organizations for implementing safer practices. Objective To map the available scientific evidence regarding the family's perception of the safety of care provided to hospitalized children. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations (2020), adhering to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Searches were performed on the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases (via EBSCOhost), SciELO, Scopus, and RCAAP, using descriptors and free terms in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and French, from 1999 onwards. Two independent reviewers carried out the search, study relevance analysis, data extraction, and synthesis between March and May 2022. Results Out of the 1,590 studies obtained, 29 were included as they met the eligibility criteria and addressed the objectives of the scoping review. Families reported various safety incidents, with a higher prevalence related to therapeutic administration. They frequently cited lack of communication as a contributing factor to unsafe care. Family members provided diverse suggestions for promoting safety, emphasizing increased vigilance, attention, and information transmission. Conclusion Family members of hospitalized children can identify safety incidents and contributing factors to unsafe care, offering suggestions for improvement. Understanding family members' perceptions and involving them are essential for enhancing the safety of hospitalized children. This scoping review allows healthcare professionals to reconsider their practices and recognize the importance of family involvement in care.

Nidra: An Ayurvedic Perspective

Introduction: Sleep is a natural, essential activity for the restoration of fatigued tissues, with its mechanism not fully elucidated. Ayurveda considers sleep, along with diet and celibacy, as fundamental pillars of life. Materials & Methods: Various literatures like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridaya, modern medical textbooks, journals and online databases are reviewed Results: Proper sleep promotes happiness, nourishment, strength, knowledge, and longevity. Day sleep (Divaswapna) is recommended under specific conditions, aligning with seasonal rhythms. Insomnia (Nidranasa) is linked to Dosha imbalances, mental exhaustion, and systemic disturbances. Discussion: Ayurvedic recommendations for daytime sleep vary based on individual constitutions and health conditions. The approach underscores the significance of balancing these factors for sound and restorative sleep. Conclusion: The Ayurvedic perspective emphasizes obtaining the right amount of sleep at the right time for overall well-being. Sleep is deemed a rejuvenating force, contributing to strength, nourishment, and satisfaction. Individualized regimens are crucial to ensure proper sleep and address potential imbalances, aligning with Ayurvedic principles for holistic health.

Government Collaboration in Stunting Prevention Programme in Medan City

Government Collaboration in Stunting Prevention Programme in Medan City

Towards energy sustainability: Exploring the nexus between global value chain participation and energy security in developing and developed countries.

International trade has a significant impact on global environmental quality and sustainable economic development. Global value chains (GVCs) have become a crucial component of international trade and development policy. The global production structure has become more complicated with the inclusion of domestic markets in GVC, putting significant pressure on world energy resources and environmental sustainability. Therefore, traditional trade measures no longer accurately reflect how global trade affects the energy security of developing and developed countries. Thus, this study is the first to use a panel-corrected standard error method to look at the relationship between GVC participation and energy security by using a global sample of 35 developed and 27 developing nations from 1995 to 2018. A feasible generalized least squares model was also applied to confirm the robustness of the model. Six indicators-foreign direct investment, industrialization level, capital formation, human capital index, political stability, and GVC-were used in this research to look at their impact on the four fundamental pillars of energy security (availability, applicability, sustainability, and affordability) for sustainable economic development. For developed countries, it was confirmed that there is a non-linear relationship between GVC participation and energy intensity, renewable energy consumption, and non-fossil fuel use. In the case of developing countries, the non-linear relationship in terms of all aspects of energy security was also confirmed. The findings also indicated that GVC's involvement benefits all four dimensions of energy security in both developing and developed countries once it reaches a certain threshold. Our findings further support the impacts of long-term cointegration between GVC and energy security for sustainable economic development. Therefore, the nations must promote technology transfer and capacity building within GVCs for inclusive energy security. Similarly, they may foster sustainable practices through collaborative governance for a stable global energy network by acknowledging the positive impact of income levels on energy security.

Efficiency Level Of Zakat Management In Palopo City

This research aims to evaluate the level of efficiency in zakat management in the city of Palopo. Zakat is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam, designed to distribute wealth to those who are entitled to receive it. Efficiency in zakat management is crucial to ensure that the collected funds are used as efficiently as possible to support those in need. The research methodology involves the analysis of secondary data related to the collection, distribution, and management of zakat funds in the city of Palopo. These data will be analyzed to assess the extent to which zakat management in Palopo achieves the desired level of efficiency. The results of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the efficiency of zakat management in Palopo and serve as a basis for improvements in zakat collection and distribution. This research can also serve as a guide for zakat institutions and local governments in their efforts to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in zakat management, ultimately improving the well-being of those entitled to receive zakat.

The national-level potential of Zakat and its integration into the fiscal framework: sector-specific insights from the economy of Bangladesh

PurposeZakat, one of the fundamental pillars of Islam, holds the potential to significantly contribute to fiscal consolidation, particularly in developing nations. However, the national-level potential of Zakat often remains unexplored. This study aims to explore the potential of national-level Zakat and the opportunity to integrate it into the fiscal framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates Zakat’s potential on national financial and economic components. The components include bank deposits, shares and securities, pensions (provident fund), industrial production and trade services, mining resources, Ushr on agro-crops and forestry, Ushr on livestock, Ushr on fishery, gross domestic product (GDP), national budget and national revenue. The study gathers data, ranging from FY2000 to FY2018, on national economic sectors from reliable secondary sources. The net value (NV) of each indicator is calculated as NV = TV − LA, where NV is the wage-adjusted net value after deducting the living adjustment (LA) value from the sectoral total. The proposed LA value, approximately 20%, is suggested to be deducted from the total sectoral value of each sector (excluding specific industries with preadjusted wages), equating to the Nisab value.FindingsIt is estimated that the aggregate potential of Zakat in Bangladesh was US$9,749m in FY2018, compared to US$809m in FY2000, revealing the value is 3.77% of GDP and 21% of the national fiscal budget. In FY2018, the service sector was the largest contributor (30%), followed by bank deposits (23%). Pension funds made minimal contributions, whereas shares and bonds, as well as the manufacturing sector, each made a 10% contribution to the estimated Zakat potential. Zakat on agriculture output accounted for 15% of the total. The aggregate potential Zakat in FY2018 was 12% higher than that in FY2000.Originality/valueThe paper highlights a novel contribution through its nuanced analysis of sector-specific Zakat on macrolevel data and its implications within the fiscal framework. The results suggest that Zakat has substantial potential to impact fiscal dynamics, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to recognize the national-level Zakat for development plans such as the five-year plan. The study suggests piloting a central and independent national body to study the feasibility of national-level Zakat collection and its utilization in the fiscal budget. It will help the government reduce the burden of external debt and deficit budget and, instead, will promote revenue collection in collaboration with the National Board of Revenue.

AI and politics: ensuring or threatening democracy?

Artificial Intelligence constitutes one of the most fundamental pillars for the implantation of the EU Digital Agenda. Its impact both in private and public life is omnipresent. AI has become an inherent part of the political life since politicians use it for several reasons, such as to promote their strategy as well as to achieve better and closer communication with people. All this is based on the existing set of legal rules. However, there are significant issues, both ethical and legal, which pose a wide range of concerns: from the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms to the safeguard of the principle of rule of law. The core question is the following: does AI strengthen democracy or lead to its deterioration? This paper aims at demonstrating the implementation of AI in politics. Firstly, there will be pursued, via a juridical methodology, a description of the regulatory framework governing AI, in connection with justice and democracy. Following a critical approach, there will be an analysis of principal ethical and legal concerns regarding the necessity and/or efficiency of use of AI in political life. Finally, the ultimate goal of the paper is to stimulate critical thinking and suggest fruitful proposals for the safeguard of the democracy and the establishment of a trustful and powerful digital environment.

Uncertainty-aware explainable AI as a foundational paradigm for digital twins

In the era of advanced manufacturing, digital twins have emerged as a foundational technology, offering the promise of improved efficiency, precision, and predictive capabilities. However, the increasing presence of AI tools for digital twin models and their integration into industrial processes has brought forth a pressing need for trustworthy and reliable systems. Uncertainty-Aware eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (UAXAI) is proposed as a critical paradigm to address these challenges, as it allows for the quantification and communication of uncertainties associated with predictive models and their corresponding explanations. As a platform and guiding philosophy to promote human-centered trust, UAXAI is based on five fundamental pillars: accessibility, reliability, explainability, robustness, and computational efficiency. The development of UAXAI caters to a diverse set of stakeholders, including end users, developers, regulatory bodies, the scientific community, and industrial players, each with their unique perspectives on trust and transparency in digital twins.

Intergenerational Programs and Projects as a Proposal for Psychosocial Action in the Promotion of Active Aging

Introduction: Active aging promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) promote not only to add years to life, but also life to years. The pillars of active aging are based on health, safety, participation and education for life. To offer the possibility for older people to actively participate in society, there are different strategies, among which intergenerational programs and projects stand out. Objective: This mini-review aimed to review the value of intergenerational programs and projects in promoting active aging, through one of its fundamental pillars: the integration and participation of older adults. Method: The methodological procedure used in this paper involved a narrative approach with analysis from different sources. Different databases were consulted (WoS, PubMed, SciELO), and organizations such as the WHO and various oficial resources were used as sources of information. Results: Intergenerational programs and projects are plans coordinated and designed by educational centers, senior centers and other organizations and associations - public and private - that want to work together for the mutual benefit of older adults, children and youth. After review the benefits of intergenerational programs and projects, it stands out one of the recent and successful iniciative implemented in Spain -the intergenerational program “Adopt a Grandparent”. This iniciative is dedicated to fostering connections between different generations with the aim of alleviating situations of loneliness among older people. Discussion and Conclusions: Participation between generations brings us closer to a more intergenerational society. The social network formed through bidirectional synergies can positively impact aging, serving as a compass for the health and psychological well-being of older people. In essence, advocating for the promotion of intergenerationl programs and projects, as leading of the sphere social policies enables the construction of a society for all ages with psychosocial benefits.

Contemporary panorama of suicide prevention in adolescence

Each year, more than 800,000 people die by suicide, a figure that could be even higher when considering that a significant number of deaths attributed to overdose and traffic accidents may actually be suicides. The majority of these deaths occur in low-income countries. Furthermore, suicide has a ripple effect, impacting the community, friends, and family members who have lost a loved one to this cause. It is estimated that for every person who dies by suicide, more than 20 others attempt it, with the majority being adolescent males. This alarming situation led to the aim of the research, which was to identify the current state of prevention efforts regarding suicide attempts among adolescents within healthcare institutions. A documentary bibliographic methodology was employed, with consultations of high-impact databases. The review concluded that prevention is the primary measure to address suicidal behavior. This includes support services aimed at preventing the occurrence of suicidal acts, intervention when an attempt occurs to ensure the safety and health of the patient, and post-incident measures, such as mental health support and family counseling, to improve the quality of intrafamilial relationships and thereby prevent future recurrences among adolescents. As a solution, a prevention and control strategy encompassing three fundamental pillars of the affected individual's environment is proposed

The Role of Health Care and Health Security in War, Disaster & Crisis Preparedness.

Health care and health security are the fundamental pillars of disaster preparedness and crisis management. An established routine health care is necessary for any society, enabling full access to care and fulfilling the rights of every individual. Health security, on the other hand, is what a society needs to be flexible in managing an unexpected situation. To overcome a disaster with minimal damage or to avert such a critical situation, health care and health security should exist simultaneously. Thus, resilience in disaster preparedness and crisis management requires investment in both health care and health security. This ensures local public health services and infrastructure, local ambulances, both acute and chronic care referral systems, prompt vaccinations, and prevention of communicable diseases to name but a few. These measures which have proven to be the most sensitive evaluation of fair governance are critically absent in several nations, particularly in areas with long-standing conflicts. Strengthening health care and health security measures are paramount to the maintenance of the health system in peace and recovery of health delivery post-conflict and require political and economic considerations.

Development of a Human Centric Cyber Physical Production System Framework for Enhanced Social Sustainability

Social sustainability focuses on building a sustainable workplace that prioritizes the occupational health, safety, and overall well-being of workers. It is considered one of the three fundamental pillars of sustainability. Human centric cyber physical production system (CPPS) emphasizes the central role of humans in the smart manufacturing process that has become an essential requirement to enhance social sustainability. This paper proposes a human centric CPPS framework for enhanced social sustainability. The social needs/requirements are identified and categorized into various types. Similarly, functional and design requirements are categorized into different elements and sub-elements of CPPS. The findings are used to create a QFD (Quality Function Deployment) matrix that integrates social requirements with the functional and design requirements of modular CPPS elements. The present work will be significant in enhancing the management capabilities and performance of traditional manufacturing systems, while also meeting diverse social needs and requirements.

Fostering timely integrated palliative care in nursing homes through critical companionship: experiences from a Padi-Palli interventional study in France.

One of the fundamental pillars of integrating a palliative approach in nursing home care is increasing professional competencies and institutional capacity. However, conventional training designs have been proven to fall short of supporting this integration. This paper details the results of a practice development intervention that used critical companionship as a learning design to facilitate the integration of a palliative approach in the care of nursing home residents in France. This study aimed to explore the perceived outcomes of Padi-Palli critical companionship in supporting the integration of a palliative approach in the care of residents in nursing homes in France. Qualitative multiple case study situated within a constructivist theoretic lens. This qualitative multiple case study is part of a larger interventional mixed-method study. Nurses with palliative care clinical expertise facilitated experiential learning with nursing home professionals for 10 months spread across three phases. At the end of the intervention, a purposive sampling method was used to select professionals from six nursing homes that participated, including leaders and critical companions. Focus groups and individual interviews were used to collect data between February 2023 and March 2024. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Four interrelated themes explained how Padi-Palli critical companionship enhanced the palliative care competencies of professionals, improved nursing home palliative care practices, supported organisational practices for palliative care and facilitated collaborative learning at the bedside. The collaborative and co-creative principles that informed the delivery of the Padi-Palli critical companionship program facilitated a culture shift towards integrating a palliative approach in resident care at individual, team and organisational levels. Critical companionship offers an innovative practice development approach that can support the delivery of timely palliative care for residents in nursing homes. ID-RCB 2020-A01832-37.

Городской вид как культурная ценность

The article analyzes cityscapes from the point of view of their value for the formation and preservation of the spatial and temporal unity of the cultural landscape of the historical city. The author distinguishes between cityscapes (urban views) as images of any urban location or composition and cityscapes (urban views) as configurations of architectural and other material spaces that we can observe in a real urban environment. The cityscape is defined in this article as a freely perceived, “readable” architectural urban composition, having high artistic significance and “supporting” the surrounding urban tissue, being the most important factor in the activity of citizens and guests of the city, and is also “responsible” for a specific identity urban space as a whole. A cityscape usually consists of several spatial patterns. The space of a traditional Russian city is formed as a system of urban views that reveal both its geographical design and its sacred semantics. Damage (destruction) of one or more cityscapes leads to degradation of the urban environment as a whole. The author defines the main reasons for the destruction of cityscapes and determines the consequences of these processes. The author concludes that cityscapes (urban views), as spatial structures that form the supporting frame of the visual environment, are fundamental part of the entire culture structure called ‘the city’. The system of urban views carries a number of integration functions: logistic, aesthetic, semiotic, local-historical, cultural-identification, social. The system of cityscapes directly reveals the specifics of the city. The preservation of cityscapes as fundamental pillars of the urban environment and as cultural heritage values ensures the actuality of the historical past, the spatialtemporal unity of an identical urban environment, and also instills in citizens a sense of belonging to their city, which exists only in a ‘long time’ of culture.

Corporate structure and prevention: The three lines model applied to Latin American companies

The economic environment in which enterprises operate is increasingly harsh and complex, making business more complex, volatile and uncertain. This context requires a change in the management model based on the three fundamental pillars of governance, risk management and regulatory compliance. In this sense, the presentation of the three-line model is considered particularly useful, as it has become one of the most recognized management tools internationally due to its flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the current literature on this management model and then analyze its applicability in business practice through a case study. In particular, the analysis of four companies in the Ibero-American energy sector (Petrobras, Codelco, Ecopetrol, and Iberdrola) reveals that, although the adaptation of the model is generally comprehensive and universal in all aspects, its flexibility is very Large allows adaptation to any organization’s needs and structure. Finally, the study draws some conclusions weighing the theoretical development of the three-line model and its applicability and usefulness to managers as well as researchers and legislators who want to strengthen national business structures.