Fundamental Dimensions Research Articles

Approaches to learning in the context of work – workplace learning and human resources

PurposeWith the purpose of promoting cross-field dialogue, this paper aims to review workplace learning (WPL) and human resource (HR) literature. The authors endeavour a conceptual examination and discussion of the bridges that link both research fields in relation to learning, in an effort to establish an integrated understanding of learning in workplaces.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a scoping review focused on how learning is approached in WPL and HR studies. An analysis of the selected literature reveals fundamental themes and dimensions that further our understanding of learning in the context of work.FindingsOverall, there are three learning dimensions where WPL and HR conceptually interrelate, namely, skills, incentives and work design. The scoping review also shows that HR is output-oriented and looks to learning as capital for enterprises, especially in light of enterprise performance for competence development. WPL centres more upon socio-cultural and practice-based configurations and the individual. It encompasses the human dimension of learning as something enriching the whole of life, including work life.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with a unique inquiry into the interrelations between WPL and HR approaches to learning, highlighting the complementarity between WPL theoretical features and HR practices. At the core of our findings is that WPL becomes analytically visible through how HR learning strategies are designed and deployed in the forms of skill development, incentive structures and work design, referring to both workplace structure and cultural features.

Conservation of tropical peatlands and regeneration of Banjarese urban areas: A case study of town planning in the Central and South Kalimantan

The Central Kalimantan has demanded to be separated from South Kalimantan during the 1950s due to the struggle of the Dayaks movement on the historical claim over their resources and territories. This separation also changed the system of characteristics of the way of living in and around indigenous Banjarese and Dayaks particularly in coastal urban areas while some parts of historical districts have still remained. Exploitation through deforestation, drainage, and human settlements along the coastal zones has created vast areas of degraded wetlands. This paper discusses the relations between action plan projects of tourism municipal government and needs alternative land use options for upgrading the wetland environment in the context of urban regeneration and reducing of CO2 emission. The simulation of fifteen fundamental properties model shows that the characteristic nature both South and Central Kalimantan by regenerate configuration and preserves the structure of the previous wholeness such as activating rice and urban farm would maintain the integrity and viability of the natural system. The result shows a strong center is the lowest properties for fundamental dimensions, not separateness for tangible and intangible of rivers network asset dimension, deep interlock and ambiguity property is the engagement among tribes.

Nursing students' experience of risk assessment, prevention and management: a systematic review.

SummaryIntroductionAs a fundamental dimension of quality, the patient safety and healthcare workers safety in the healthcare environment depend on the ability of each healthcare workers (whether administrators or technicians) to reduce the probability of error. This review focused on nursing students. The aim was to assess level and determinants of knowledge about risk assessment, risk prevention and risk management of nursing students.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two reviewers searched the bibliographic databases Pubmed, Scopus and Cinahl to collect all the available articles in English and Italian issued between 2015 and August 2019. To obtain an exhaustive query of search, the following keywords were combined through Boolean operators AND and OR: Clinical Risk Assessment, Nursing Education, Nursing Student*, Patient Safety. The authors assessed the quality of the evidence by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method.ResultsTwelve papers are included. Although the literature on the nursing student’s error is limited, their frequencies are worrying. Some authors have created a model of prevention of clinical error based on three level. However, the majority of nursing students don’t feel confident with a patient safety. Many authors shown that patient safety education was delivery by lecture, laboratory or simulation sessions.ConclusionsThis review underlines the need to revise the nursing curriculum on patient safety and the need to think what educational methodology is the better for the student to create a safe care.

Extracting Agency and Communion From the Big Five: A Four-Way Competition.

Agency and communion are the two fundamental content dimensions in psychology. The two dimensions figure prominently in many psychological realms (personality, social, self, motivational, cross-cultural, etc.). In contemporary research, however, personality is most commonly measured within the Big Five framework. We developed novel agency and communion scales based on the items from the most popular nonpropriety measure of the Big Five—the Big Five Inventory. We compared four alternative scale-construction methods: expert rating, target scale, ant colony, and brute force. Across three samples (Ntotal = 942), all methods yielded reliable and valid agency and communion scales. Our research provides two main contributions. For psychometric theory, it extends knowledge on the four scale-construction methods and their relative convergence. For psychometric practice, it enables researchers to examine agency and communion hypotheses with extant Big Five Inventory data sets, including those collected in their own labs as well as openly accessible, large-scale data sets.

The interplay between gaze cueing and facial trait impressions.

The gaze cueing effect involves the rapid orientation of attention to follow the gaze direction of another person. Previous studies reported reciprocal influences between social variables and the gaze cueing effect, with modulation of gaze cueing by social features of face stimuli and modulation of the observer's social judgements from the validity of the gaze cues themselves. However, it remains unclear which social dimensions can affect-and be affected by-gaze cues. We used computer-averaged prototype face-like images with high and low levels of perceived trustworthiness and dominance to investigate the impact of these two fundamental social impression dimensions on the gaze cueing effect. Moreover, by varying the proportions of valid and invalid gaze cues across three experiments, we assessed whether gaze cueing influences observers' impressions of dominance and trustworthiness through incidental learning. Bayesian statistical analyses provided clear evidence that the gaze cueing effect was not modulated by facial social trait impressions (Experiments 1-3). However, there was uncertain evidence of incidental learning of social evaluations following the gaze cueing task. A decrease in perceived trustworthiness for non-cooperative low dominance faces (Experiment 2) and an increase in dominance ratings for faces whose gaze behaviour contradicted expectations (Experiment 3) appeared, but further research is needed to clarify these effects. Thus, this study confirms that attentional shifts triggered by gaze direction involve a robust and relatively automatic process, which could nonetheless influence social impressions depending on perceived traits and the gaze behaviour of faces providing the cues.

Having no words for feelings: alexithymia as a fundamental personality dimension at the interface of cognition and emotion

ABSTRACT This special issue brings together two important reviews and seven cutting-edge empirical papers concerning the influence of alexithymia on cognitive and emotional processing. Alexithymia is a multifaceted construct that is characterised by difficulties identifying one’s feelings; difficulties describing one’s feelings to others; and an externally focused, utilitarian cognitive style. In this paper, we begin by considering how emotion science has evolved in its understanding of personality traits, before highlighting the potential importance of alexithymia research for the field of cognition and emotion. After summarising the historical context of alexithymia research, we consider the contributions of the featured papers to the literature of cognition and emotion. The collected works highlight that alexithymia influences several aspects of how one perceives and responds to neutral and emotional situations, by impacting upon multiple processes (attention, appraisals, memory, language and behaviour), showing the importance of drawing better connections amongst multiple processes, toward disentangling the effects of early processes on later ones. A lack of correspondence between processes, as well as amongst alexithymia facets, is another central finding of the special issue. This pattern is thought to lead to ineffective and inflexible emotion regulation and to pose significant risks for physical and mental illness.

The knowledge map as a management tool for the perception of occupational health and safety for construction facul tiles students.

Work constitutes a fundamental dimension of human existence on earth. Humans plan, organize, perform work and thus develop through the work of their mind and the physical transformation of the world. Knowledge management has become a widely discussed and increasingly popular concept worldwide. The essence of this concept is the creation and dissemination of knowledge, understood as the entire content existing in the human mind as a result of accumulated learning and experience. The article presents a knowledge map as a management tool for the perception of occupational health and safety and health for construction faculties’ students.

Destination Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a prototypical neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons both in the brain and spinal cord. The constantly evolving nature of ALS represents a fundamental dimension of individual differences that underlie this disorder, yet it involves multiple levels of functional entities that alternate in different directions and finally converge functionally to define ALS disease progression. ALS may start from a single entity and gradually becomes multifactorial. However, the functional convergence of these diverse entities in eventually defining ALS progression is poorly understood. Various hypotheses have been proposed without any consensus between the for-and-against schools of thought. The present review aims to capture explanatory hierarchy both in terms of hypotheses and mechanisms to provide better insights on how they functionally connect. We can then integrate them within a common functional frame of reference for a better understanding of ALS and defining future treatments and possible therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide a philosophical understanding of how early leads are crucial to understanding the endpoints in ALS, because invariably, all early symptomatic leads are underpinned by neurodegeneration at the cellular, molecular and genomic levels. Consolidation of these ideas could be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and guide further critical thinking to unveil their roadmap of destination ALS.

Inpatient perceptions of design characteristics related to ward environments’ restorative quality

Inpatients' mental well-being is linked to the restorative quality of patient ward environments, which are mostly determined by design characteristics. However, past research has predominantly separated these characteristics and seldom provides insights into inpatients' perceptions of their ward environment in an integrated way. Therefore, this research was conducted to comprehensively determine the fundamental design characteristics and dimensions that affect the restorative quality of ward environments. A 27-item questionnaire and a Hospital Indoor Restoration Scale was used to collect the perspectives of 150 inpatients from five types of general wards in a Chinese hospital. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and statistical weight calculation were applied to the responses to investigate the restorative quality of design characteristics within a framework. The results demonstrate that 19 design characteristics significantly correlate with the overall restorativeness of ward environments, and nature, artwork, doorway position, furniture layout, room size, and wall colour are the most dominant characteristics. Four principal components were identified, namely object, connection, spatiality, and ambience, and seven sub-dimensions were determined, including ornamentation, furniture, interaction, component, scale, decoration, and ambience. The weight calculation demonstrates that object and connection are the most significant dimensions that influence the restorative quality of the ward environment. The findings indicate that these influential environment characteristics and key dimensions should be the primary considerations in patient ward design and management to foster inpatients’ mental well-being.

Existencia y otros

Considerado habitualmente como un tema secundario en la analítica existencial, das Man se entiende además de forma negativa por el fuerte significado conformista con el que se destaca. Al contrario, permaneciendo siempre en las páginas heideggerianas, lo que nos gustaría intentar es una reevaluación del mismo. Partiendo de la consideración del Dasein como existencia, y pasando del Mitsein como nivel trascendental de constitución de la existencia y del mundo, queremos resaltar das Man como dimensión fundamental de las posibilidades con las que el Dasein realiza sí mismo. En este escenario la carga conformista se convierte en una cuestión de segunda instancia, dejando espacio para una comprensión más profunda de la existencia en sus limitaciones.

MATTER in emotion research: Spanish standardization of an affective image set.

Pictures with affective content have been widely used in the scientific study of emotions, from two main perspectives: on the one hand, dimensional theories claiming that affective experiences can be described according to a few fundamental dimensions such as valence and arousal, and on the other hand, discrete-category theories proposing the presence of a number of basic and universal emotions. Although it has been demonstrated that these two approaches are not mutually exclusive, the existing standardized affective picture databases have been created from the dimensional perspective, which has led to important gaps for research focused on discrete emotions. The present work introduces MATTER, a new database comprising 540 pictures depicting disgusting, fearful, neutral, erotic, mirthful and incongruent content, which provides normative values (total N = 368, mean = 120.47 ratings/picture) in valence and arousal dimensions, as well as in discrete affective (disgust, fear, erotica and mirth) and cognitive (incongruence and interest) features. A tentative classification into discrete categories is presented, and the physical properties of each picture are reported. Our findings suggest that MATTER constitutes a modern and suitable set of affective images including, for the first time, both mirth- and incongruence-related pictures. Additionally, it will enable the examination of affective and cognitive processes in fear/disgust and humor/incongruence fields.

School Librarians and Educational Leadership: Productive Pedagogy for the Information Age School

Against a backdrop of emerging paradigms of educational leadership, this research paper will explore and elaborate some of the fundamental dimensions of quality teaching and learning in information age schools based on the framework of Productive Pedagogy, and in the context of instructional interventions of school librarians in partnership with classroom teachers. This exploration is based on an analysis of extensive data collected during an extended school librarian-classroom teacher collaboration at Gill St Bernards’ School Gladstone, N.J. in 2003-2004. Underpinning productive pedagogy is the belief that high quality teaching and learning should be the focus of professional learning communities and all stakeholders in the school environment. This paper overviews the significant findings of this study, with particular emphasis on an elucidation of the dimensions of productive pedagogy that have enabled students to learn successfully in this collaborative inquiry learning program.

Navigating the social world: Toward an integrated framework for evaluating self, individuals, and groups.

Social evaluation occurs at personal, interpersonal, group, and intergroup levels, with competing theories and evidence. Five models engage in adversarial collaboration, to identify common conceptual ground, ongoing controversies, and continuing agendas: Dual Perspective Model (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007); Behavioral Regulation Model (Leach, Ellemers, & Barreto, 2007); Dimensional Compensation Model (Yzerbyt et al., 2005); Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002); and Agency-Beliefs-Communion Model (Koch, Imhoff, Dotsch, Unkelbach, & Alves, 2016). Each has distinctive focus, theoretical roots, premises, and evidence. Controversies dispute dimensions: number, organization, definition, and labeling; their relative priority; and their relationship. Our first integration suggests 2 fundamental dimensions: Vertical (agency, competence, "getting ahead") and Horizontal (communion, warmth, "getting along"), with respective facets of ability and assertiveness (Vertical) and friendliness and morality (Horizontal). Depending on context, a third dimension is conservative versus progressive Beliefs. Second, different criteria for priority favor different dimensions: processing speed and subjective weight (Horizontal); pragmatic diagnosticity (Vertical); moderators include number and type of target, target-perceiver relationship, context. Finally, the relation between dimensions has similar operational moderators. As an integrative framework, the dimensions' dynamics also depend on perceiver goals (comprehension, efficiency, harmony, compatibility), each balancing top-down and bottom-up processes, for epistemic or hedonic functions. One emerging insight is that the nature and number of targets each of these models typically examines alters perceivers' evaluative goal and how bottom-up information or top-down inferences interact. This framework benefits theoretical parsimony and new research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Seasonal and daytime variation in multiple immune parameters in humans: Evidence from 329,261 participants of the UK Biobank cohort

SummarySeasonal disease outbreaks are perennial features of human infectious disease but the factors generating these patterns are unclear. Here we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters in 329,261 participants in UK Biobank and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. Seasonal patterns were evident in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein CRP, but not monocytes, and these were independent of lifestyle, demographic, and environmental factors. All the immune parameters assessed demonstrated significant daytime variation that was independent of confounding factors. At a population level, human immune parameters vary across season and across time of day, independent of multiple confounding factors. Both season and time of day are fundamental dimensions of immune function that should be considered in all studies of immuno-prophylaxis and disease transmission.

Toward A Framework for Assessing the Fair Distribution of Space in Urban Streets

The increasing popularity of street redesigns highlights the intense competition for street space between their different users. More and more cities around the world mention in their planning documents their intention to rebalance streets in favor of active transportation, transit, and green infrastructure. However, few efforts have managed to formalize quantifiable measurements of the balance between the different users and usages of the street. This paper proposes a method to assess the balance between the three fundamental dimensions of the street—the link, the place, and the environment—as well as a method to assess the adequation between supply and demand for the link dimension at the corridor level. A series of open and government georeferenced datasets were integrated to determine the detailed allocation of street space for 11 boroughs of the city of Montréal, Canada. Travel survey data from the 2013 Origine-Destination survey was used to model different demand profiles on these streets. The three dimensions of the street were found to be most unbalanced in the central boroughs of the city, which are also the most dense and touristic neighborhoods. A discrepancy between supply and demand for transit users and cyclists was also observed across the study area. This highlights the potential of using a distributive justice framework to approach the question of the fair distribution of street space in an urban context.

“CUIDA DE QUEM TE CUIDA” A LUTA DAS TRABALHADORAS DOMÉSTICAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO BRASIL

A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) no ano de 2020 impôs profundas modificações nos diferentes arranjos de socialização. No Brasil, suas consequências foram sentidas sobretudo pela população negra e periférica, que trabalha nas ocupações mais precarizadas, muitas vezes na informalidade e que também compõe grande parte dos trabalhadores nomeados como essenciais, e, portanto, mais expostos à contaminação pelo vírus. Como exemplo deste quadro, analisamos os impactos da pandemia sobre as trabalhadoras domésticas, categoria formada majoritariamente por mulheres negras. Consideramos a colonialidade e o racismo estrutural da sociedade brasileira como dimensões fundamentais para a análise da realidade, elencamos casos recentes de violação de direitos e as mobilizações postas em prática pela categoria. Palavras-chave: trabalho doméstico; COVID-19; racismo estrutural; colonialidade; movimento sindical.

Occupational stereotypes: professionals´ warmth and competence perceptions of occupations

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to investigate occupational stereotypes among a professional sample of recruiters and other employees on the two fundamental dimensions of warmth and competence.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey to collect professionals´ (mostly recruiters´) ratings of preselected occupations. Participants were asked to rate warmth and competence attributes. Factor and cluster analysis were employed to investigate the two-dimensional structure of the warmth/competence space and how and whether occupations cluster as predicted by the stereotype content model (SCM).FindingsAlmost all occupations showed a clear two-factorial structure, corresponding to the warmth/competence dimensions. A five-cluster solution was deemed appropriate as depicting how occupations disperse on these dimensions. Implications for stereotyping research, the design of hiring discrimination experiments, and HRM are discussed.Originality/valueIn contrast to previous related research, in which participants select the included occupations themselves, the authors included prespecified common occupations, which should be important for representativeness. In addition, previous research has been conducted in the United States, while the authors conduct this study in a European context (Sweden). Finally, instead of studying students or participants with unspecified work experience, the authors focus on professionals (mostly recruiters).

Social Practices and Embubblement

The present contribution describes the nature of social practices based on habitual behavior. The first part concerns the notion of “habit” from a perspective that crosses philosophy and science. Habits structure our daily life and possess a social nature, as shown by informally shared habits and institutionalized rituals. After a brief reference to the philosophical debate, we point out the fundamental dimensions of habitual behavior, i.e., routine and goal-directed behavior. They also characterize shared social habits like rituals because we need to: (a) simply follow social institutional practices and (b) actively cooperate to reach a certain goal. Our descriptive strategy aims at promoting the aspect of “control” in habitual behavior, namely, the possibility of accepting or refusing to do something. This control does not work in many pathological cases and cases of auto-illusion. The second part of the article will illustrate the interesting but disregarded case of the epistemic and moral embubblement, explaining it as an individual cognitive process and as a specific social practice that once followed or institutionalized becomes a shared practice routinely performed. The main features of an epistemic bubble concern the widespread situation in which the cognitive agents always resolve the tension between their thinking that they know P and their knowing P in favor of knowing that P”. The related case of the moral bubble indicates the situation in which agents are potentially or actually violent and unaware of it. This cognitive process expresses how difficulties in recognizing one’s own violence leads to disregarding the possible or actual inflicted harm: in this case, a process of what can be called “autoimmunity” is at play. We will contend that the concept of moral bubble can provide an integrated and unified perspective able to interpret in a novel way many social practices in which morality and violence are intertwined.

Can scientists communicate interpersonal warmth? Testing warmth messages in the context of science communication

ABSTRACT Warmth and competence are two fundamental dimensions of social judgments that shape stereotypes of social groups/professions. In perceiving others, people assess their intentions (warmth) and their abilities to act upon those intentions (competence). As stereotyping can influence attitudes and subsequent behaviors, pre-existing stereotypes of scientists as ‘cold’ may undermine trust in science and interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. How, then, can scientists portray interpersonal warmth? Drawing on the stereotype content model’s warmth-competence literature, this study aimed to communicate scientists’ interpersonal warmth using the morality and emotional aspects of the warmth dimension in the context of a College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR) as a test case of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) colleges. We used two, 3 (message type: control, prosocial, emotional-prosocial) × 2 (gender: women, men) between-subjects experimental design (n = 849) to examine the effect of message type and participant’s gender on perceptions of scientists’ interpersonal warmth. Results suggest that the combination of prosocial behaviors and emotional appeals were associated with perceived warmth of scientists. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between message type and gender (Experiment 1) and a significant main effect of gender on perceived warmth (Experiment 2). These findings suggest further exploration of the morality and sociability aspects associated with warmth to reduce unflattering stereotypes of scientists.

How to predict good days in farming: ethnomathematics study with an ethnomodelling approach

Mathematics cannot be separated from everyday life. The use of mathematical concepts in cultural activities can be studied through the ethnomathematics program. However, ethnomathematics research may not be able to provide noticeable results, especially in constructing mathematical modelling for pedagogical purposes. Ethnomodelling later became one of the concepts introduced as an approach in ethnomathematics research. Based on the cultural aspect, the ability to predict a good day in farming is included in the holistic concept of culture because it belongs to the knowledge system and belief system (religion) in the universal element of culture. The research was conducted using an ethnomethodological approach and a realist ethnographic design. Based on this, this research was conducted to describe the ability of the Cigugur indigenous people in Kuningan Regency to predict what days are considered good to start farming activities. Data were collected by using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis techniques are carried out in stages through content analysis, triangulation, and pattern search. Based on the study of ethnomathematics, research that is able to describe the mathematical ideas and practices of the indigenous Cigugur community can be classified into several fundamental mathematical dimensions including counting, finding, measuring, designing, and explaining. The use of the ethnomodelling approach in research can describe several mathematical concepts used by the concepts of numbers, sets, relations, congruence, modulo, and mathematical modelling.