Fundamental Conjecture Research Articles

Arithmetic fundamental lemma for the spherical Hecke algebra

We define Hecke correspondences and Hecke operators on unitary RZ spaces and study their basic geometric properties, including a commutativity conjecture on Hecke operators. Then we formulate the arithmetic fundamental lemma conjecture for the spherical Hecke algebra. We also formulate a conjecture on the abundance of spherical Hecke functions with identically vanishing first derivative of orbital integrals. We prove these conjectures for the case U(1)×U(2)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extrm{U} (1)\ imes \ extrm{U} (2)$$\\end{document}.

Quantum $\operatorname{SL}(2)$ and logarithmic vertex operator algebras at $(p,1)$-central charge

We provide a ribbon tensor equivalence between the representation category of small quantum \operatorname{SL}(2) , at parameter q=e^{\pi i/p} , and the representation category of the triplet vertex operator algebra at integral parameter p>1 . We provide similar quantum group equivalences for representation categories associated to the Virasoro and singlet vertex operator algebras at central charge c=1-6(p-1)^{2}/p . These results resolve a number of fundamental conjectures coming from studies of logarithmic CFTs in type A_{1} .

Khovanov homology, wedges of spheres and complexity

Our main result has topological, combinatorial and computational flavor. It is motivated by a fundamental conjecture stating that computing Khovanov homology of a closed braid of fixed number of strands has polynomial time complexity. We show that the independence simplicial complex I(w) associated to the 4-braid diagram w (and therefore its Khovanov spectrum at extreme quantum degree) is contractible or homotopy equivalent to either a sphere, or a wedge of two spheres (possibly of different dimensions), or a wedge of three spheres (at least two of them of the same dimension), or a wedge of four spheres (at least three of them of the same dimension). On the algorithmic side we prove that finding the homotopy type of I(w) can be done in polynomial time with respect to the number of crossings in w. In particular, we prove the wedge of spheres conjecture for circle graphs obtained from 4-braid diagrams. We also introduce the concept of Khovanov adequate diagram and discuss criteria for a link to have a Khovanov adequate braid diagram with at most 4 strands.

On the Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma conjecture over a general $p$-adic field

We prove the Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma conjecture over a general p -adic field with odd residue cardinality q\geq \dim V . Our strategy is similar to the one used by the second author in his proof of the AFL over \mathbb{Q}_p , but only requires the modularity of divisor generating series on the Shimura variety (as opposed to its integral model). The resulting increase in flexibility allows us to work over an arbitrary base field. To carry out our strategy, we also generalize results of Howard (2012) on CM cycle intersection and of Ehlen–Sankaran (2018) on Green function comparison from \mathbb{Q} to general totally real base fields.

The freeness and trace conjectures for parabolic Hecke subalgebras

The two most fundamental conjectures on the structure of the generic Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}(W)$ associated with a complex reflection group $W$ state that $\mathcal{H}(W)$ is a free module of rank $|W|$ over its ring of definition, and that $\mathcal{H}(W)$ admits a canonical symmetrising trace. The first conjecture has recently become a theorem, while the second conjecture, known to hold for real reflection groups, has only been proved for some exceptional non-real complex reflection groups (all of rank $2$ but one). The two most fundamental conjectures on the structure of the parabolic Hecke subalgebra $\mathcal{H}(W')$ associated with a parabolic subgroup $W'$ of $W$ state that $\mathcal{H}(W)$ is a free left and right $\mathcal{H}(W')$-module of rank $|W|/|W'|$, and that the canonical symmetrising trace of $\mathcal{H}(W')$ is the restriction of the canonical symmetrising trace of $\mathcal{H}(W)$ to $\mathcal{H}(W')$. Until now, these two conjectures have only be known to be true for real reflection groups. We prove them for all complex reflection groups of rank $2$ for which the BMM symmetrising trace conjecture is known to hold.

More Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma conjectures: the case of Bessel subgroups

We define some formal moduli space of quasi-isogenies of isoclinic $p$-divisible groups with a non-reductive group as the "structure group". We then formulate new Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma conjectures for Bessel subgroups in the context of the arithmetic Gan-Gross-Prasad conjectures. Some (very limited) evidence is presented.

Rubin's conjecture on local units in the anticyclotomic tower at inert primes

We prove a fundamental conjecture of Rubin on the structure of local units in the anticyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of the unramified quadratic extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ for $p\geq 5$ a prime. Rubin's conjecture underlies Iwasawa theory of the anticyclotomic deformation of a CM elliptic curve over the CM field at primes $p$ of good supersingular reduction, notably the Iwasawa main conjecture in terms of $p$-adic $L$-function. As a consequence, we prove an inequality in the $p$-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for Rubin's $p$-adic $L$-function. Rubin's conjecture is also an essential tool in our exploration of the arithmetic of Rubin's $p$-adic $L$-function, which includes a Bertolini--Darmon--Prasanna type formula.

Logarithmic growth filtrations for -modules over the bounded Robba ring

In the 1970s, Dwork defined the logarithmic growth (log-growth for short) filtrations for $p$-adic differential equations $Dx=0$ on the $p$-adic open unit disc $|t|<1$, which measure the asymptotic behavior of solutions $x$ as $|t|\to 1^{-}$. Then, Dwork calculated the log-growth filtration for $p$-adic Gaussian hypergeometric differential equation. In the late 2000s, Chiarellotto and Tsuzuki proposed a fundamental conjecture on the log-growth filtrations for $(\varphi ,\nabla )$-modules over $K[\![t]\!]_0$, which can be regarded as a generalization of Dwork's calculation. In this paper, we prove a generalization of the conjecture to $(\varphi ,\nabla )$-modules over the bounded Robba ring. As an application, we prove a generalization of Dwork's conjecture proposed by Chiarellotto and Tsuzuki on the specialization property for log-growth Newton polygons.

Boundary behavior of Kähler-Einstein metric of negative ricci curvature over quasi-projective manifolds with boundary of general type

In this paper, we discuss an asymptotic boundary behavior of the complete Kahler-Einstein metric of negative Ricci curvature on a quasi-projective manifold with semiample log-canonical bundle. In particular, we focus our attention on its relations with degeneration of positivity for the log-canonical bundle on the boundary divisor. Based on a pioneering result due to G. Schumacher, a fundamental conjecture about the relations is proposed in this paper. Moreover it is also proved that the conjecture actually holds in the case when the boundary divisor is of general type.

Chance Encounters with Large Polynomials

Although it is sometimes still invoked by novice students of mathematics, the “fundamental conjecture of high school algebra,” (x+y)2=x2+y2 , was disproved long ago. Its correct form (x+y)2=x2+2xy+...

Strong cosmic censorship and the universal relaxation bound

The strong cosmic censorship conjecture, introduced by Penrose five decades ago, asserts that, in self-consistent theories of gravity, Cauchy horizons inside dynamically formed black holes should be unstable to remnant perturbation fields that fall into the newly born black holes. The question of the (in)validity of this intriguing conjecture in non-asymptotically flat charged black-hole spacetimes has recently attracted much attention from physicists and mathematicians. We here provide a general proof, which is based on Bekenstein's generalized second law of thermodynamics, for the validity of this fundamental conjecture in non-asymptotically flat de Sitter black-hole spacetimes.

The arithmetic fundamental lemma: An update

This is an expository article on the recent progress on the arithmetic fundamental lemma conjecture, based largely on Zhang (2019). Beside stating the local conjecture, we will present three global intersection problems along with some constructions of algebraic cycles.

The Markoff group of transformations in prime and composite moduli

The Markoff group of transformations is a group $\Gamma$ of affine integral morphisms, which is known to act transitively on the set of all positive integer solutions to the equation $x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=xyz$. The fundamental strong approximation conjecture for the Markoff equation states that for every prime $p$, the group $\Gamma$ acts transitively on the set $X^{*}\left(p\right)$ of non-zero solutions to the same equation over $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$. Recently, Bourgain, Gamburd and Sarnak proved this conjecture for all primes outside a small exceptional set. In the current paper, we study a group of permutations obtained by the action of $\Gamma$ on $X^{*}\left(p\right)$, and show that for most primes, it is the full symmetric or alternating group. We use this result to deduce that $\Gamma$ acts transitively also on the set of non-zero solutions in a big class of composite moduli. Our result is also related to a well-known theorem of Gilman, stating that for any finite non-abelian simple group $G$ and $r\ge3$, the group $\mathrm{Aut}\left(F_{r}\right)$ acts on at least one $T_{r}$-system of $G$ as the alternating or symmetric group. In this language, our main result translates to that for most primes $p$, the group $\mathrm{Aut}\left(F_{2}\right)$ acts on a particular $T_{2}$-system of $\mathrm{PSL}\left(2,p\right)$ as the alternating or symmetric group.

Gaussian optimizers for entropic inequalities in quantum information

We survey the state of the art for the proof of the quantum Gaussian optimizer conjectures of quantum information theory. These fundamental conjectures state that quantum Gaussian input states are the solution to several optimization problems involving quantum Gaussian channels. These problems are the quantum counterpart of three fundamental results of functional analysis and probability: the Entropy Power Inequality, the sharp Young’s inequality for convolutions, and the theorem “Gaussian kernels have only Gaussian maximizers.” Quantum Gaussian channels play a key role in quantum communication theory: they are the quantum counterpart of Gaussian integral kernels and provide the mathematical model for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the quantum regime. The quantum Gaussian optimizer conjectures are needed to determine the maximum communication rates over optical fibers and free space. The restriction of the quantum-limited Gaussian attenuator to input states diagonal in the Fock basis coincides with the thinning, which is the analog of the rescaling for positive integer random variables. Quantum Gaussian channels provide then a bridge between functional analysis and discrete probability.

INCOMPLETENESS IN THE FINITE DOMAIN

AbstractMotivated by the problem of finding finite versions of classical incompleteness theorems, we present some conjectures that go beyondNP≠coNP. These conjectures formally connect computational complexity with the difficulty of proving some sentences, which means that high computational complexity of a problem associated with a sentence implies that the sentence is not provable in a weak theory, or requires a long proof. Another reason for putting forward these conjectures is that some results in proof complexity seem to be special cases of such general statements and we want to formalize and fully understand these statements. Roughly speaking, we are trying to connect syntactic complexity, by which we mean the complexity of sentences and strengths of the theories in which they are provable, with the semantic concept of complexity of the computational problems represented by these sentences.We have introduced the most fundamental conjectures in our earlier works [27, 33–35]. Our aim in this article is to present them in a more systematic way, along with several new conjectures, and prove new connections between them and some other statements studied before.

Upper Bounds of GCD Counting Function for Holomorphic Maps

In this paper, we give upper bounds for the gcd counting function(which is an analogue for the notion of gcd in the context of holomorphic maps) in various settings. As applications, we obtain analytic dependence of entire functions from the second main theorem and multiplicative dependence under the fundamental conjecture for entire curves.

Some conjectures on generalized cluster algebras via the cluster formula and D-matrix pattern

In the theory of generalized cluster algebras, we build the so-called cluster formula and D -matrix pattern. Then as applications, some fundamental conjectures of generalized cluster algebras are solved affirmatively.

Regular formal moduli spaces and arithmetic transfer conjectures

We define various formal moduli spaces of p-divisible groups which are regular, and morphisms between them. We formulate arithmetic transfer conjectures, which are variants of the arithmetic fundamental lemma conjecture of the third author in the presence of ramification. These conjectures include the AT conjecture of our previous joint paper. We prove these conjectures in low-dimensional cases.

Medium fidelity modelling of loads in wind farms under non-neutral ABL stability conditions – a full-scale validation study

The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the capability of medium fidelity modelling of wind turbine component fatigue loading, when the wind turbines are subjected to wake affected non-stationary flow fields under non-neutral atmospheric stability conditions. To accomplish this we combine the classical Dynamic Wake Meandering model with a fundamental conjecture stating: Atmospheric boundary layer stability affects primary wake meandering dynamics driven by large turbulent scales, whereas wake expansion in the meandering frame of reference is hardly affected. Inclusion of stability (i.e. buoyancy) in description of both large- and small scale atmospheric boundary layer turbulence is facilitated by a generalization of the classical Mann spectral tensor, which consistently includes buoyancy effects. With non-stationary wind turbine inflow fields modelled as described above, fatigue loads are obtained using the state-of-the art aeroelastic model HAWC2.The Lillgrund offshore wind farm (WF) constitute an interesting case study for wind farm model validation, because the WT interspacing is small, which in turn means that wake effects are significant. A huge data set, comprising 5 years of blade and tower load recordings, is available for model validation. For a multitude of wake situations this data set displays a considerable scatter, which to a large degree seems to be caused by atmospheric boundary layer stability effects. Notable is also that rotating wind turbine components predominantly experience high fatigue loading for stable stratification with significant shear, whereas high fatigue loading of non-rotating wind turbine components are associated with unstable atmospheric boundary layer stratification.

On the arithmetic fundamental lemma through Lie algebras

We prove that the arithmetic fundamental lemma conjecture (AFL) of Wei Zhang is equivalent to a similar conjecture, but for Lie algebras, in the case of non-degenerate intersection. We use this result to give a simplified proof of the AFL for n = 3. The idea for the reduction to the Lie algebra is due to Wei Zhang.