Fundamental Concepts Research Articles

Possible Remediation Approaches for Wastewater Containing Dyes; A Review

Abstract One of the most serious environmental problems is water scarcity and water pollution is a worldwide issue that can have an impact on people, plants, animals, and trees. Reusing wastewater makes sense in light of the limited availability of freshwater sources to conserve and expand the pool of available water sources. Numerous things can contaminate water supplies. Although the fundamental concepts are usually the same, the process of water restoration may vary from one location to another based on the source of contamination. Dyes are a versatile group of organic compounds found in many industries ranging from textiles, papermaking, leather tanning, and food processing. However, untreated or partially treated dye-containing wastewater in the environment can have a significant impact on human health and ecosystems. Dyes can color water bodies, making them aesthetically displeasing and inhibiting the penetration of sunlight. This may cause water plants and algae to produce less. While certain dyes are carcinogenic or mutagenic to humans, others are poisonous to aquatic life.

Rheological analysis of pressure-driven Jeffrey fluid flow between corrugated porous curved walls with slip constraints

Pressure-driven movement is a fundamental concept with numerous applications in various industries, scientific disciplines, and fields of engineering. Its proper execution is vital for promoting revolutionary innovations and providing solutions in numerous sectors. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the pressure-driven flow of a magnetized Jeffrey fluid between two curved corrugated walls. The geometry of the channel is represented mathematically in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The corrugation grooves are described by sinusoidal functions with phase differences between the corrugated curved walls. The boundary perturbation method is used to find the analytical solution for the velocity and temperature taking the corrugation amplitude as the perturbation parameter. Furthermore, the volumetric flow rate, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt numbers are precisely calculated numerically for a variety of parameters, with the results presented comprehensively in tabular form. The impact of dissimilar parameters, such as the curvature parameter, wave number, magnetic parameter, Darcy number, thermal radiation, heat source/sink parameter, Jeffery fluid parameter, and amplitude parameter, on the flow fields is analyzed through graphical and tabular forms and discussed in detail. The results show that the velocity profile increases due to the curvature parameter and the Jeffrey fluid parameter. However, it decreases due to the magnetic parameter. The temperature distribution rises with the thermal slip and heat source/sink parameters. Meanwhile, it declined for the radiation parameter and the curvature parameter. The model can be used to simulate blood flow in arteries with varying geometries and magnetic fields, aiding in the study of cardiovascular diseases and the design of medical devices such as stents.

Dynamic Data Placement Strategy with Network Security Issues in Distributed Cloud Environment for Medical Issues: An Overview

: The rapid integration of distributed cloud systems in the healthcare industry has profoundly impacted the management of valuable medical data. While this advancement has significantly improved data handling, protecting sensitive healthcare information in such a complex environment remains daunting. This comprehensive study explores the crucial intersection between dynamic data placement strategies and network security concerns in distributed cloud environments, particularly healthcare. After establishing the significance and context of this research, the survey delves into the growing need to safeguard medical data within the everevolving landscape of cloud-based healthcare systems. It lays out fundamental concepts, such as dynamic data placement and network security, highlighting their unique implications in the medical domain. Ultimately, this survey sheds light on the most effective approaches for balancing dynamic data placement and network security in the healthcare sector. This research delves into examining many tactics, evaluating their effectiveness in handling delicate medical information, and presenting tangible use cases. A key focus of this investigation is the fusion of data organization and network safety within the healthcare industry. It investigates the adaptability of dynamic data positioning techniques in fortifying network security and safeguarding against potential threats unique to the healthcare sector. Case studies of the successful implementation of these strategies in healthcare establishments are also included.

Power Systems: Fundamental Concepts and the Transition to Sustainability [Book News

Power Systems: Fundamental Concepts and the Transition to Sustainability [Book News

Deep Reinforcement Learning Versus Evolution Strategies: A Comparative Survey.

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and evolution strategies (ESs) have surpassed human-level control in many sequential decision-making problems, yet many open challenges still exist. To get insights into the strengths and weaknesses of DRL versus ESs, an analysis of their respective capabilities and limitations is provided. After presenting their fundamental concepts and algorithms, a comparison is provided on key aspects, such as scalability, exploration, adaptation to dynamic environments, and multiagent learning. Current research challenges are also discussed, including sample efficiency, exploration versus exploitation, dealing with sparse rewards, and learning to plan. Then, the benefits of hybrid algorithms that combine DRL and ESs are highlighted.

Language and cultural values exploration of traditional songs in Malakan Ethnic, Eastern Indonesia

The present research undertakes a cultural analysis of ethnic verses and songs from Malakan to uncover their underlying philosophical thought. Understanding these works' fundamental principles and concepts is essential to convey their valuable knowledge, which ultimately shapes and reinforces values in future generations. Cultural-linguistic theory by Sharifin (2021) was utilized to find out if Malakan ethnic song verses include cultural features. This descriptive-qualitative study method used observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions with 40 participants from eight communities from July to September 2023. The findings indicate that the auditory elements of lyrics, words, phrases, and clauses serve as a means of conveying the cultural values of the Malakan people when singing four traditional songs as a component of their daily lives. In addition, several values were derived from the meaning of the four-song lyrics, including patience, responsibility, commitment, resilience, harmony, togetherness, sacrifice, empathy, and sympathy, which ultimately serve as a reference for human behavior in the Malakan community. The findings suggest that storing traditional artworks linked to poetry and musical works is advisable. Through the utilization of poetry and musical compositions, people could find cultural components that can be reused as indigenous content for the study of cultural arts and local languages.

Pressure never sucks, pressure only pushes: a physiological exploration of the pushing power of pressure.

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is facilitated by changes in pressure within the thoracic cavity relative to atmospheric pressure, as well as the resistance encountered by airways. In this process, the movement of air into and out of the lungs is driven by pressure gradients established by changes in lung volume and intra-alveolar pressure. However, pressure never sucks! The concept that pressure never sucks, pressure only pushes encapsulates a fundamental principle in the behavior of gases. This concept challenges common misconceptions about pressure, shedding light on the dynamic forces that govern the movement of gases. In this Illumination, we explore the essence of this concept and its applications in pulmonary ventilation. Pressure is one of the most important concepts in physics and physiology. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to 1 atmosphere or around 101,325 Pascal [Pa (1 Pa = 1 N/m2)]. This huge pressure is pushing down on everything all the time. However, this pressure is difficult to understand because we do not often observe the power of this incredible force. We used five readily available, simple, and inexpensive demonstrations to introduce the physics and power of pressure. This extraordinarily complex physics concept was approached in a straightforward and inexpensive manner while still providing an understanding of the fundamental concepts. These simple demonstrations introduced basic concepts and addressed common misconceptions about pressure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The concept that pressure never sucks, pressure only pushes challenges common misconceptions about pressure, shedding light on the dynamic forces that govern the movement of gases. In this Illumination, we will explore the essence of this concept and its applications in pulmonary ventilation. Specifically, we used five readily available, simple, inexpensive demonstrations to introduce the physics and power of pressure.

Food Safety Management System (FSMS): An Analysis of Restaurant Certificate Schemes in Malaysia

Customers of restaurants encounter some degree of uncertainty or risk due to their inability to evaluate the food or service qualities received before or after meal consumption. The Food Safety Management System (FSMS) certification schemes are intended to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses in Malaysia and to be used as a communication instrument to address the issue of information asymmetry. This investigation investigates the diverse FSMS certification programs that are accessible to food establishments, with a particular emphasis on restaurant operations in Malaysia. The study is dedicated to the identification of the concept of various FSMS certificate schemes that are designed and implemented in Malaysian restaurant operations. It also discusses the fundamental concept of the role differences of each FSMS certificate scheme that is obtained by numerous restaurant operations in Malaysia to communicate with potential customers. A content analysis was conducted on ten independent Malaysian-owned restaurants that had obtained and disclosed their FSMS certifications online (i.e., through their official website or social media account) to the public. All participating restaurant premises believe food safety certification through appropriate authorities is crucial, particularly in the context of the provision of information regarding sanitation, safety, and nutrition to guarantee high food quality standards and service delivery. FSMS eliminates the knowledge asymmetry between producers and consumers and demonstrates that a certified party adheres to a recognised standard. This investigation suggested that the Food Safety Management System (FSMS) should function as more than merely a mechanism for guaranteeing the safety and quality of food for consumers. It contributes to the establishment of client trust and confidence in the restaurant and improves the image of food businesses.

Ideological and methodological foundations of the «idea of law» by Gustav Radbruch

The famous German legal philosopher G. Radbruch has gone through a complex scientific path which influenced both his worldview and methodological foundations of the concepts proposed by him. The study traces the evolution of Radbruch’s philosophy of law, which was formed under the influence of representatives of neo-Kantianism, in particular G. Simmel, H. Rickert, E. Lask and the school of «free law” – G. Kantorovich, as well as historical events – the domination of Nazism in Germany. The authors reveal the peculiarities of G. Radbruch’s methodology; his position is based on the neo-Kantian methodology of distinguishing between “what is” and “what ought to be”, on the methodology of the philosophy of values and the principle that it is logically impossible from what is to derive what is valuable, what is right, what ought to be. G. Radbruch viewed law as a cultural phenomenon, a value fact that differs from other normative systems by a special value that is important for the realization of justice. The law as a phenomenon has a positive form ( statute, custom, international agreement) and social significance (regulates human behaviour and relations). But law also has a normative character (it is an evaluation and a requirement for reality), it also has a social purpose (which is to achieve the public good), it has an individual purpose (which is to realise and ensure human rights) and a nature of universality, and therefore equality and it should embody justice. The authors examine the well-known and fundamental concept of the “idea of law” which is fundamental to Radbruch’s philosophy and consists of three elements: justice, expediency (sustability), and legal certainty. The idea of law is an essential requirement for positive law; it legitimizes it, makes it “correct law” and “lawfull law (statute)”. Legislation that does not embody the idea of law essentially loses its legal nature. Justice is the formal equal treatment of equals and unequal treatment of unequals. Legal certainty reflects the social and individual purpose of law and justifies human freedom, equality and uniqueness on the basis of human value. Expediency (sustability) is the clarity, certainty, and comprehensibility of the law and should be understood as a basis for ensuring justice. G. Radbruch’s concept of the “idea of law” is essentially a modern theory of the legitimation of positive law.

Whether Wrongful Death from Law and Economics View Could Satisfy Pareto Efficiency Criterion under US Law

The development of economics has had a significant impact on the research of legal scholars, as analyzing legal principles from an economic perspective has become increasingly prevalent. It also has particularly influenced the field of tort law. Supporters of the economic analysis of tort law argue that it should be as efficient as possible in balancing the rights and duties between tortfeasors and victims. This essay provides a brief discussion of wrongful death from a legal and economic perspective. It begins with an introduction to traditional tort law and its elements, followed by an examination of the economic theory regarding compensation for wrongful death. The essay then explores whether the wrongful death rule could satisfy the Pareto Efficiency Criterion, which is a fundamental concept in welfare economics that evaluates the desirability of a change in allocation based on the principle that no individual should be made worse off. By applying an economic lens to the analysis of wrongful death cases, this essay aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue between law and economics and to shed light on how economic principles can inform and potentially enhance the understanding and application of tort law.

Elasticity in Daily Life: A Potential Topics in Learning Physics

As a branch of natural science, physics explores the fundamental properties of matter and energy and their interactions. This study specifically examines the concept of elasticity—the ability of an object to return to its original shape after removing an external force—and equilibrium, which are crucial in understanding various physical phenomena. The research aims to highlight the practical applications of elasticity and equilibrium principles in daily life across multiple fields. Additionally, it seeks to underscore the importance of physics education in preventing misconceptions about these fundamental concepts. The findings suggest that effectively applying elasticity and equilibrium principles can enhance problem-solving in everyday scenarios. However, there is a critical need to improve physics education, particularly in literature and practical simulations, to mitigate common misconceptions and enhance understanding.

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare services has underscored the importance of ethical considerations. This development highlights the need to examine ethical implications, debates, concerns, and thoughts from diverse and broad perspectives. In this context, the study focuses on the ethical dimensions of AI in the healthcare domain. AI is increasingly being used in various healthcare applications, but this usage brings along ethical challenges. The aim of the research is to identify themes, trends, and critical points related to AI ethics in healthcare. Through literature review and bibliometric analyses, it is observed that AI ethics research in healthcare revolves around fundamental concepts such as ethics, AI, machine learning, healthcare services, and privacy. Additionally, the leading countries, authors, and institutions in the field are examined. The intensity of collaboration and knowledge sharing in the literature is steadily increasing. In conclusion, considering the potential benefits and challenges of AI use in healthcare, addressing ethical issues, ensuring data security, and enhancing transparency in AI decision processes are crucial. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of AI ethics topics in the existing literature and guide future research.

A REVIEW ON HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND SUCCESS: LEVERAGING PRAKRITI FOR PERSONALIZED DIET AND CAREER GUIDANCE

Ayurveda, an eternal science with absolute principles, identifies Prakriti as a fundamental concept that influences every aspect of a person's interaction with their environment from conception to death, including lifestyle and diet. Prakriti, which reflects the body's nature in terms of dosha, is determined at conception based on the predominant dosha and remains constant throughout life. It governs an individual's physical and mental traits, with seven distinct types according to the Tridosha. People with specific Prakriti types show biological variations in structure, function, behaviour, response to environmental stimuli, and disease susceptibility. The prevalence of disorders related to diet has been increasing significantly in recent times, and this trend can be attributed to a variety of factors. Career guidance plays a crucial role in helping individuals navigate their professional paths. It involves providing advice, support, and information to assist people in making informed decisions about their career choices, development, and transitions.

Evaluation of gas content in organic-rich shale: A review of the history, current status, and future directions

Shale gas is being hailed as the green energy of the future due to high heating value, low carbon emissions, and large reserves. Gas content of shale is a key parameter for evaluating the shale gas potential and screening for the shale gas sweet spots. Although the concept of gas content has been well defined, obtaining a reliable gas content data still remains a challenge. A significant barrier is the method for evaluating the gas content. In this paper, we provide a review of the long-established and recently developed gas content evaluation methods. In the first part of this review article, the history of gas content evaluation methods is summarized since 1910s, relied on published and unpublished literatures as well as our own experiences. Then, the fundamental contents and concepts involved in gas content evaluation are introduced to provide a clear theoretical foundation for the methods. In the third part, eleven evaluation methods, including four direct methods and seven indirect methods, are systematically reviewed. In each method, its application to evaluating the gas content is presented, the key advances are highlighted, and the advantages and limitations are discussed. Finally, future directions are discussed to promote creative thinking across disciplines to develop new methods or improve current methods for evaluating the gas content more accurately and efficiently.

Ethnophysics Analysis of Traditional Patil Lele Game: Unveiling Physics Concepts in Local Wisdom

Local wisdom is integral to a community's cultural identity, encapsulating knowledge, values, and practices passed down through generations. The traditional game of Patil Lele, rich in cultural significance, also serves as a valuable educational tool for exploring fundamental physics concepts. This study aims to analyze the physics principles inherent in the Patil Lele game and identify optimal techniques for achieving maximum throwing distance. The research used a quantitative descriptive method; Data were collected through interviews and observations and supported by a thorough literature review. The findings reveal that the game embodies key physics concepts, including parabolic motion, Newton's laws, the moment of force, momentum, and impulse. Moreover, three effective techniques for enhancing throwing distance were identified. This research underscores the importance of applying physics concepts to enhance traditional games, enriching educational value and preserving cultural heritage.

Innovations in Project-Based Learning (PBL) Strategies for Elementary School Students

This research aims to explore the utilization of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in a more innovative manner for implementation in elementary schools. This approach is designed to enhance students' understanding of key PBL concepts and improve their critical thinking skills. The research methodology employed includes literature analysis and case studies from several elementary schools that implement PBL innovatively. Through literature analysis, fundamental PBL concepts are studied and identified. Subsequently, case studies are conducted in several elementary schools that have implemented PBL with innovative approaches. Data are collected through literature review and document analysis. The research findings indicate that innovative PBL, incorporating technology, collaboration, and authentic assessment, can create a more interactive and engaging learning environment for students. However, challenges faced by teachers in implementing this strategy include a lack of resources, curriculum planning, and adequate training. Therefore, recommendations are proposed to provide greater support for teachers, including additional training and better access to supportive technology. Thus, innovation in project-based learning strategies can enhance the effectiveness of student learning in elementary schools.

Block Chain Technology in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Enhancing Transparency and Security

Blockchain technology has been a key addition to the technology sector and its integration to various aspects of businesses has achieved immense success. Its implementation in the pharmaceutical industry continues to give promise of further optimizing the supply chain by increasing safety, efficiency, and transparency. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of Blockchain technology and its relevance to supply chain management, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry. It examines how Blockchain enhances transparency through real-time tracking and traceability of pharmaceutical products, thereby mitigating risks associated with counterfeiting and unauthorized distribution. This research will also look at various successful projects that have embraced the Blockchain technology such as the IBM and Walmart's Blockchain pilot and the Medi Ledger Project. It also highlights the challenges that companies need to address in the future so as to be able to successful implement the system. Overall, the research into how Blockchain technology is able to offer security and efficiency in the pharmaceutical supply chain is presented herein

Harmonizing Nature, Education, Engineering and Creativity: An Interdisciplinary Educational Exploration of Engineered Living Materials, Artistry and Sustainability Using Collaborative Mycelium Brick Construction.

This study presents an innovative approach to interdisciplinary education by integrating biology, engineering and art principles to foster holistic learning experiences for middle-schoolers aged 11-12. The focus lies on assembling mycelium bricks as engineered living materials, with promising applications in sustainable construction. Through a collaborative group task, children engage in the hands-on creation of these bricks, gaining insights into mycology, biomaterials engineering and artistic expression. The curriculum introduces fundamental concepts of mycelial growth and its potential in sustainable material development. Children actively participate in fabricating 3D forms (negative and positive) using mycelium bricks, thereby gaining practical knowledge in shaping and moulding living materials. This hands-on experience enhances their understanding of biological processes and cultivates an appreciation for sustainable design principles. The group task encourages teamwork, problem-solving and creativity as children collaboratively compose structures using mycelium bricks. Integrating art into the activity adds a creative dimension, allowing participants to explore aesthetic aspects while reinforcing the project's interdisciplinary nature. Conversations about the material's end-of-life and decomposition are framed within the broader context of Nature's cycles, facilitating an understanding of sustainability. This interdisciplinary pedagogical approach provides a model for educators seeking to integrate diverse fields of knowledge into a cohesive and engaging learning experience. The study contributes to the emerging field of nature-inspired education, illustrating the potential of integrating living materials and 3D-understanding activities to nurture a holistic understanding of science, engineering and artistic expression in young learners.

Advances In Celestial Mechanics And Dynamical Astronomy: A Literature Review

This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of recent developments within the realm of celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy. By conducting an in-depth analysis of existing literature, this study aims to elucidate the pivotal advancements and contributions that have significantly enhanced our understanding of celestial body motion and dynamics. Through a meticulous evaluation of scholarly articles, books, and conference proceedings, this literature review delves into the fundamental concepts and methodologies that underpin celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy. The paper explores a wide array of topics, encompassing orbital dynamics, dynamical systems, asterodynamics, planetary science, and explanatory systems. By synthesizing the findings of esteemed researchers and scientists, this study reveals the profound impact of novel numerical methods, analytical techniques, and observational discoveries on the field. Furthermore, it identifies areas ripe for future investigation, underscoring the vast potential for continued exploration and innovation within celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy. Ultimately, this literature review seeks to provide a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and students seeking insight into the latest advancements and emerging trends in celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy, while also highlighting the boundless opportunities for future research and discovery.

Development of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for elite track and field athletes

Background: Satisfactory nutrition knowledge among athletes is important to encourage proper dietary habits to overcome deficiencies and enhance sports performance. Identifying knowledge gaps in sports nutrition is essential for improving athletes' understanding through a tool that evaluates both general nutrition knowledge (GNK) and sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). This study aims to develop the Athletic Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (A-SNKQ) specifically for Sri Lankan track and field athletes. Methods: The development of the A-SNKQ followed an extensive step-wise approach. Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted on existing SNK questionnaires for athletes. Secondly, sports nutrition guidelines were incorporated into the questionnaire. Thirdly, information from local literature was gathered to ensure contextual relevance. Lastly, a qualitative study involving key athletic stakeholders was conducted to gain cultural insights. Results: The final version of the questionnaire consists of 32 questions in 12 sub-sections under two main sections: GNK section covers macronutrients, micronutrients, energy balance, hydration, and weight management, SNK section addresses carbohydrate loading, pre-training, training and post-training meals, sports supplements, supplement label reading, isotonic drinks, doping, and relative energy deficiency syndrome in sports. Conclusions: The GNK section addresses the fundamental nutritional concepts, while SNK focuses on the knowledge associated with the sporting performance of athletes.