Fundamental Categories Research Articles

Camillo Golgi's contributions to the anatomic basis of sensitivity in tendons.

Between 1878 and 1880 Camillo Golgi, professor of Histology and General Pathology at the University of Pavia, studied the termination of the nerves inside the tendons, near their muscular insertion. He defined two fundamental categories of corpuscles. The first type, which he called muscle-tendon terminal organs, was morphologically characterized by spindle structures which at one end seemed to relate to the muscle fibers while at the other end they gradually merged with the tendon bundles. Golgi discovered that these structures received from one to four myelinated nerve fibers, which lost their myelin sheath as they entered the bundle, within which they divided dichotically, ending in a large number of terminal arborizations that had the appearance of reticular intertwines. In the superficial thickness of the tendon, near the muscle, Golgi also noticed a second category of corpuscles, which he described as claviform bodies or formations similar to Pacinian bodies. In 1890 Vittorio Mazzoni precisely defined their morphological characteristics. These corpuscles were later called Golgi muscle-tendon organs and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. On the basis of their position and histological appearance, Golgi also correctly hypothesized their physiological role: to be receptors of muscular tension for the muscle-tendon organs and transducers of sensitivity to touch and pressure for the Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles.

Theoretical and Methodological Justification of the Public Danger of an Act in Criminal Law

Public danger is a fundamental category of criminal law that defines its essence and social purpose. At the same time, science has not yet developed a unified view on the nature of public danger, its place and role in the structure of criminal law knowledge and law enforcement. In particular, the following questions remain unresolved: the legal boundaries of public danger, the correlation of the principle of legality with the social foundations of criminal liability, the correlation of the concept of harm with public danger, the possibility of its objective cognition, the impact on the assessment of public danger of acts of social values and personality, determining the quality of a crime. The paper analyzes the phenomenology of social perception of public danger in the aspect of law enforcement assessments of real harm. For this purpose, dialectics is used in the categories of reality and possibility. Harm is considered as a category of reality, and public danger as a category of opportunity. At the same time, the author understands harm and public danger not in a universal, but in a legal sense. The essence of harm means an encroachment on social values and a response to it from society and the state — a moral rebuke of the act, elevating it to the degree of social threat (danger). The public danger of a crime is constructed by the legislator, therefore this property (public danger) is associated with the reality of harm and is an important and necessary criminal law construct filled with real social meaning. The modern problem, actualized by the security paradigm, is the definition of moral criteria for the validity of socially dangerous harm.

Limits of Prosecutorial Intervention: Conceptual Foundations of the Study

The relevance of developing a theory about the limits of prosecutorial activity aimed at realizing the purpose of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation is substantiated. The theory of prosecutorial activity is at the stage of formation, but the parallel development of its basic concepts, which, without a doubt, includes the fundamental category «limits of intervention (activity),» contributes to the creation of a coherent and consistent doctrine of prosecutorial activity. The development of any scientific theory, as is known, is preceded by the conceptualization of knowledge. The author made an attempt to determine the conceptual basis for the formation of a holistic doctrine about the limits of prosecutorial activity. The study of the limits of prosecutorial intervention requires tracking and consideration at the ideological, theoretical and factual levels, which predetermined the designation in the article as the conceptual basis for the study of its problem, the original terminology, the purpose of developing this theory, the expected results, theoretical and empirical foundations of the study, as well as a brief justification of individual approaches and methods for studying the limits of prosecutorial intervention.

Legal Presumptions of Good Faith and Reasonableness of Doing Business

Introduction: the good behavior of a business entity is formed, among other things, based on legal principles and presumptions. They determine the content of the subjective right to conduct business, its limitations, and the limits of its implementation. When creating a business model, it is advisable to conduct a study of the main elements of the structure of such a model in order to identify their legal essence, distinguish them from similar legal categories, identify key features, and formulate proposals aimed at improving current legislation. Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the study is to develop basic approaches to the formulation of criteria for good faith and reasonable behavior and the formulation of proposals to change the mechanism of legal regulation in relation to these categories. The objectives of the study are to consider the definitions of good faith and reasonableness, compare these categories with each other and other similar categories, identify criteria for classifying behavior as good faith and reasonable, and study the means of legal regulation used by the legislator. Methods: the key means and methods of achieving the goal are the study of the categories of good faith and reasonableness of business using the methods of a systematic approach and determinism, modeling, abstraction and concretization, analogy, formal legal, comparative law, and the method of legal forecasting. The method of a systematic approach made it possible to investigate not only the signs of good faith and reasonable behavior as an element of the system of good behavior of a business entity but also to establish the factors ensuring the functioning of the system as an integral education. The method of determinism contributed to the consideration of the maximum number of factors affecting the reasonable and good-faith behavior of the subject of business relations. The methods of modeling, analogy, abstraction, and concretization made it possible to construct an abstract model of good faith and reasonable behavior to predict the patterns of development of the object under study. The methods of formal legal, comparative law, and legal forecasting allow taking into account the specifics of the legal nature of the concepts under study, comparing homogeneous legal phenomena, and identifying prospects for the development of legal relations in dynamics. Results: the paper reveals the problems associated with the fundamental categories of the exercise of the subjective right to conduct business, the categories of good faith and reasonableness. The indicated phenomena are analyzed from a different perspective, including the position of presumptions and principles of law and the limits of their implementation. A comparative analysis is carried out with two antagonisms: bad faith and unreasonable conduct. Based on the conducted research, the signs of good faith and reasonable behavior of a business entity are formulated. Its subjective and objective factors are revealed. The trends are formulated to transform good faith and reasonable behavior into offenses that entail civil liability. Conclusions: the study of the mechanism of legal regulation of the fair and reasonable exercise of the right by business entities made it possible to express a negative attitude towards the legal means used in the form of prohibitions as well as the legislative technique used. The proposals aimed at optimizing the system of legal regulation of relations are formulated.

“Tender Murderer”: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer in Thom Gunn’s Boss Cupid

This article examines Thom Gunn’s poem “Troubadour,” in his final collection Boss Cupid (2000), containing five songs “Hitch-hiker,” “Iron Man,” “The Visible Man,” “A Borrowed Man,” and “Final Song”, all of which are sung by the infamous serial killer, Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer. Gunn’s study of Dahmer, evoking compassion, furnishes a murderer who performs his own role of “troubadour” while singing his intense feelings and aberrant actions from his own voice in a romantic mode. This act of speaking for himself highlights a strong sense of self-awareness and renders a murderer who is cognizant of his miserable situation. Thus, the poet’s treatment is with a particular empathy for such all-consuming sexual passion through an act of romanticizing the killer’s horrendous ways of murdering. Based on the poet’s lack of prejudice towards any propensities and his courage of going against the poetic conventionalities in his time, this study explores Gunn’s portrayal of Dahmer as a ‘tender murderer’, a desperate intimacy seeker victimized by his damaged psyche, thereby having sexual gratification in killing, the only way to stop his partner from leaving him. While the article engages with the phases of Dahmer’s homicidal acts operating on tender feelings in these songs, it does so through Jacques Lacan’s theories of the psyche with its three diagnostic structures: Neurosis, Psychosis, and Perversion. Two of these fundamental categories of diagnosis will be utilized to define particular symptoms, which cater to reading the tender murderer’s motive(s).

Effective Stance in Conservative Newspaper Opinion Articles on Irregular Immigration and Refugee Humanitarian Crises

This paper presents a quantitative and contrastive analysis of expressions of effective stance in conservative newspaper opinion articles related to irregular immigration and humanitarian crises involving refugees in both English and Spanish contexts. Drawing upon the seminal works of Langacker (2013) and Marín-Arrese (2021a, 2021b, 2023), the study examines six fundamental categories of effective stance expressions established according to factors such as orientation towards self or others, degree of control about the realisation of the event, and agreement with social norms. The dataset under examination comprises a 120,000-word corpus of opinion articles obtained from two conservative newspapers, The Telegraph from the United Kingdom and El Mundo from Spain. The words are evenly distributed, with each newspaper contributing 30,000 words in articles pertaining to three humanitarian crises involving refugees: Syria (2015), Afghanistan (2021), and Ukraine (2022-2023), and 30,000 words relating to articles on irregular immigration coinciding in time with each of the three refugee crises. The primary objective of the paper is to discern notable differences between the two newspapers and across the different refugee and irregular immigration crises under investigation. The analysis of the results, which uncover a larger number of effective stance expressions in the English subcorpus as well as distributional differences of subcategories across the subcorpora in both languages, provides a valuable understanding of the intricate patterns of usage and distribution of effective stance expressions within the realm of newspaper discourse, thereby enriching our comprehension of journalistic portrayals concerning the complexity of refugee crises and migratory movements.

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Ideological Identity Endorsed on the University's Homepages

Whilst a plethora of research has taken into account the exertion of website homepages as a conduit for effectively conveying information, it is acknowledged that the matter of ideological values and how these ideals are manifested through such digital communication media has been somewhat overlooked. Thus, the research at hand attempts to go over how the university advertises its ideological construal on its homepages by way of the adoption of multiple modes, involving both linguistic and aesthetic dimensions, and video. In this investigation, multimodal approaches encapsulated by Kress (2010) and Pauwels (2012) were employed to address the ideological values through visual components on the university homepages. Drawing from the attainable data, the university's homepage is crafted utilizing two fundamental categories of semiotic methods such as a combination of visual and textual elements, as well as video to reinforce the aesthetic, nevertheless, it neglects to incorporate any semiotic resource that places particular emphasis on visual components. The strategic utilization of diverse multiple modalities of communication on the homepage has effectively promoted an array of constructive ideological ideals that hold significant worth for stakeholders and the public, considering the pivotal role that universities play in shaping societal beliefs and perspectives.

Man in the Space of Freedom and Resentment: Symbolic Correlation of Existentials

Purpose. The article aims to problematize the forms of correlation between the fundamental category of freedom and the phenomenon of resentment in the context of the formation of ethical discourse, as well as to consider the symbolic mechanisms of the collective imagination in the formation of a picture of the human world. Theoretical basis. The study uses the method of historical and philosophical analysis and methods of the humanities – hermeneutics and phenomenology. Originality. An attempt is made to comprehend the correlation between freedom as a category of philosophical anthropology and practical philosophy and the phenomenon of resentment. Conclusions. The ethical category of freedom, explicitly or implicitly, significantly shapes the content of the process of choice and social action by a person, which can be manifested in discursive practices and narratives of ideologies, public opinion and collective imagination. Symbolic mechanisms of human consciousness record the paradoxical correlation and at the same time the antithesis of reality reception and meaning generation between rational awareness and existential experience, humanization and appropriation of freedom and emotional-affective, reactive attitude of a person to narratives, motives, symbols and images of resentment. At the same time, freedom can presuppose the conscious content of resentment, while resentment deforms the concept of freedom into arbitrariness or violence, appealing not only to the archaic values of tribalism, but also to the rational basis of individual freedom of the individual, on which the philosophical tradition of the West is based. The resentful forms of thinking and emotional reception of reality function as symbolic constructions, that is, they can have a wide and internally contradictory field of interpretations. Western philosophical thought has a significant potential to reinterpret the challenges of the phenomenon of resentment based on the tradition of ontotheology and ethics of discourse due to the specific rationalism of the vision of the philosophy of freedom.

Relation Between Personal Value and Need Satisfaction: Theoretical Review

The problem of values ​​is eternally relevant, has a long history of study and is of a pronounced interdisciplinary nature. This means that values ​​are not the subject of a purely psychological analysis, but without psychology there cannot be a comprehensive study of the values ​​that belong to both society and a specific individual at the same time. A broad introduction of the concept of value into the psychological lexicon and research practice naturally leads to a certain rethinking of many psychological terms and, above all, such fundamental categories as the psyche, consciousness, personality, activity, needs, meanings, emotions, etc. In real life and in the entire psyche there is nothing that does not have some value. The issue of criteria and diversity of value has been and remains hotly debated. Therefore, at the moment, the psychology of personal values ​​is an actively developing area of ​​scientific research and it is undoubtedly waiting for its researchers. This is one of the obvious ways to humanize scientific ideas about the living human psyche. Keywords: value system, need satisfaction, human actions, need hierarchy

Emile Durkheim’s social research in the context of human rights activism

This article provides an analysis of the fundamental categories of Emile Durkheim’s theory within the framework of his methodology for social research and the phenomenon of human rights activism. It examines categories such as “social fact”, “solidarity”, “collective consciousness”, and “anomie” in the context of human rights activities. A distinctive feature of the article is its interdisciplinary approach, integrating sociological research results into the field of jurisprudence. The article explores a range of works by the French sociologist and philosopher Emile Durkheim, as well as relevant works by other philosophers, along with the contribution of contemporary Russian legal scholars within the aforementioned context. Given the growing demand for works on human rights issues in both Russian and global legal science, the authors conclude that a comprehensive understanding of the nature of individual rights and legal violations facilitates their more effective, profound, and systematic protection, not only in a reactionary sense, but also by enabling a preventive function in human rights activism. In this regard, the acquired sociological and legal knowledge seems pertinent, sought after, and can be utilized in subsequent doctrinal developments.

Optimizing decision-making in uncertain environments through analysis of stochastic stationary Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms

Reinforcement learning traditionally plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence and various practical applications, focusing on the interaction between an agent and its environment. Within this broad field, the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem represents a specific subset, characterized by a sequential interaction between a learner and an environment where the agents actions do not alter the environment or reward distributions. MABs are prevalent in recommendation systems and advertising and are increasingly applied in sectors like agriculture and adaptive clinical trials. The stochastic stationary bandit problem, a fundamental category of MAB, is the primary focus of this article. Here, we delve into the implementation and analytical comparison of several key bandit algorithmsincluding Explore-then-Commit (ETC), Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), Thompson Sampling (TS), Epsilon-Greedy (-Greedy), SoftMax, and Conservative Lower Confidence Bound (CON-LCB)across various datasets. These datasets vary in the number of options (arms), reward distributions, and specific parameters, offering a broad testing ground. Additionally, this work provides an overview of the diverse applications of bandit problems across different fields, highlighting their versatility and broad impact.

Humility and Realism in Quantum Physics and Metaphysics

The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the main philosophical and metaphysical implications of quantum physics, especially those which concern the issues of epistemic humility and ontological realism. My thesis is that the impossibility of reaching an objective knowledge of nature does not imply the renunciation of ontological realism, but rather encourages scientists to adopt an attitude of epistemic humility. The argument firstly presents the main theories of quantum physics currently discussed, focusing on the measurement problem and its ontological implications. Afterwords, the issues of objectivity and realism are properly addressed. In the end, we discuss statistics as the new form of scientific epistemology, along with the concept of potentiality as the fundamental category of quantum metaphysics. Throughout, we establish some parallelisms between quantum physics theories and theology to show that, when human beings investigate the foundations of reality, some thought patterns, some core problems, and some possible solutions resemble one another, regardless of the specific perspective and language with which they are formulated.

THE GENESIS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REALITY

Introduction. The article considers historical and legal origins of the foundations of the legal status of an individual in the European system of protection of human rights and freedoms as part of international legal reality of the region. The work examines the phenomenon of the legal status of a person in the European international legal reality in view of its modern normative regulation, protection mechanisms at the regional level and worldview sources of the evolution of its foundations. Summary of the main research results. It was determined that the European international legal reality is a regional phenomenon of international law and includes universal and European regional norms and principles, sub-regional European international legal acts, legal culture and legal consciousness, moral value characteristics and institutions of European international law. The latter is closely related to the phenomenon of the European international legal reality in terms of reflecting the objective legal realm in Europe. The main purpose of the functioning of the European international legal reality is the protection of human rights and freedoms in the region. The regional system of protection of human rights and freedoms is an integral part of the European international legal reality and guarantees the fundamentals of the legal status of a person in Europe. The main principles of the legal status of a person in the European international legal reality are the general principles and standards of law, the moral, value and ideological characteristics of European international law. The genesis of the foundations of the legal status of a person in Europe and European identity in general is ancient Roman law, Christian dogmas and Germanic customs. It was the preservation of the main system-forming components of the Roman legal complex of principles and norms, the influence of Christian spirituality concept on the general European attitude towards the individual and the separation of the Romano-Germanic legal family features on the basis of Germanic phenomenon that became the basis of the modern European legal reality and laid the foundations of the individual's legal position. Conclusions. At the current stage of the European international legal reality development, the legal status of a person is a fundamental category that emerged and evolved on the basis of centuries-old legal traditions of the region. Current regulatory and legal consolidation and functioning of regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights and freedoms is the result of historical and legal evolution of the foundations of the legal status of a person in Europe.

Диаспоральная дипломатия как элемент политики «мягкой силы» России, практика города Москвы

The article studies phenomenon of diaspora diplomacy of Russia as an instrument of “soft power” on the example of the practice of the city of Moscow. Scientific and practical significance of the chosen issue lies in the comprehension of the influence of domestic approach of interaction with compatriots on the specifics and dynamics of the formation of an attractive image of the state. Scholarly novelty of the article lies in the fact that it is devoted to the case of diaspora diplomacy at the sub-state level, which has not been studied before. The authors study peculiarities of working with diasporas in Russia’s foreign policy; two fundamental categories of dialogue activities are analyzed: firstly, partnership cooperation with compatriots, and secondly, expatriate resettlement programs. Through the prism of theoretical and practical-political analysis, the article identifies main directions for intensifying work with the Russian diaspora at the federal and regional levels. Practical recommendations formulated by the authors, based on the positive experience of the city of Moscow, can be used to optimize approaches to cooperation with compatriots not only in Russia’s foreign policy, but also in other states or sub-state actors.

Topical Issues of Counteracting the Threats to National Security

Introduction. One of the primary important objects for ensuring the national security of any state, as an independent and self-sustained subject of the system of global policy coordinates, is its sovereignty. The sovereignty is the fundamental category in formulating the principles of the national constitutional and international law. Ensuring the sovereignty is one of the most important functions and tasks of the modern Russian state. The article analyses the state policy and its legal basis for ensuring the national security, it focuses on the threats and crises in both the international and national security systems. The research is relevant due to studying the selective approach of some states to fulfilling their obligations to adhere to the commonly recognised principles of the international relations. It is emphasised, that although formally observed, the principle of national sovereignty of the states is constantly violated when referred to the weaker states according to the medieval “right of the strong”. The topical issues of counteracting the threats to national security are investigated. Attention is focused on the need to develop the measures aimed at timely and efficient prevention thereof. The aim of the study is to analyse the concept of “sovereignty”, identify the external and internal threats to the sovereignty of Russia and develop recommendations on the strategic national priorities. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted using the general and specific methods of scientific cognition, in particular, the dialectical method, content analysis of the normative legal acts, juridical comparativistics, as well as systemic, structural-functional, logical and other methods. Results. Within the research such concepts as “sovereignty”, “national interests of the Russian Federation and strategic national priorities” have been analysed. The assessment of the current state of the world order is given, as well as the directions and trends of its reform are studied. The external and internal threats to the sovereignty of Russia have been identified and strategic goals in the field of ensuring the national security have been outlined. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted research, it was proved that the qualitative change of the methodological and conceptual foundations of the national and international security is required. To counteract the different national security threats, it is necessary to adhere to the national priorities, goals and the developed strategy. The present paper deems to be important for the Russian juridical science, as well as for the subjects of lawmaking and law enforcement.

El paisaje sonoro en la cultura

The articles in this thematic issue of Encartes were written by researchers who participated in the project Paisaje sonoro, música, ruidos y sonidos de las fronteras, carried out in Tijuana at the end of 2022. Some of the participating researchers were also part of previous projects carried out at El COLEF on music and the processes of modernity. However, on this occasion the theme was directed to sound, music and the processes of listening from culture. In such a way that the writings derived from this project not only focus on sound, but also on listening, which is an indispensable conceptual binomial to think about sound processes and constitute fundamental categories for cultural processes, analogous to the opposition between identity and otherness, in the understanding that it is not possible to analyze one without the presence of the other.

A system of principles as legal instruments that facilitate the achievement of the tasks of the coordination function of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti-corruption actors

The coordination function of the State in combating corruption is the level of manifestation of the State influence in social relations and the main activity of the State, which consists in coordinating actions between different elements of the State apparatus in combating corruption, in coordinating actions between the State apparatus and non-governmental actors of the social system, in streamlining social and public administration relations, directing them towards achieving common goals or interests, and in which the method of direct imperative control is used rather than the method of coordinating actions in relation to based on common interests and/or competencies, in accordance with the principle of striving for ideal performance.
 Anti-corruption activities can only be effective if the principles of coordination of anti-corruption actors are established at the regulatory level and the principles of administrative and legal support for coordination of anti-corruption actors are established, which is due to the need for quick and complete coordination and its effective implementation.
 The need to study the principles of administrative and legal regulation of the State's coordination function in combating corruption is due to the existence of gaps in the theoretical plane of law cognition and limited scientific substantiation. That is why the issues related to administrative and legal regulation of the State's coordination function in combating corruption are relevant for research, and its principles are among the key ones in this context.
 In general, the coordination role of the state is hardly ever considered through the prism of principles. Given the extremely low level of scientific attention to the issue of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti­corruption actors, its essence, features and directions, one of the priority tasks should be to define a system of principles of this institution as the basic and initial idea of the entire system of state influence on social relations. Even today, the principles of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti-corruption actors are not yet considered fundamental categories, as many scholars still perceive them in the abstract and separately from practical activities.

An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Application for Optimal Control of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Process

Artificial intelligence (AI) has found widespread application across diverse domains, including residential life and product manufacturing. Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) represents a significant avenue for realizing waste-to-energy (WTE) objectives, emphasizing resource reuse and sustainability. Theoretically, AI holds the potential to facilitate optimal control of the MSWI process in terms of achieving minimal pollution emissions and maximal energy efficiency. However, a noticeable shortage exists in the current research of the review literature concerning AI in the field of WTE, particularly MSWI, hindering a focused understanding of future development directions. Consequently, this study conducts an exhaustive survey of AI applications for optimal control, categorizing them into four fundamental aspects: modeling, control, optimization, and maintenance. Timeline diagrams depicting the evolution of AI technologies in the MSWI process are presented to offer an intuitive visual representation. Each category undergoes meticulous classification and description, elucidating the shortcomings and challenges inherent in current research. Furthermore, the study articulates the future development trajectory of AI applications within the four fundamental categories, underscoring the contribution it makes to the field of MSWI and WTE.

Axiological approach as a factor of university curriculum language

In the modern educational space, the emphasis is on axiological approaches to the formation of the content of education as the most important aspect of personal development. This priority manifests in including various axiological vocabularies and value systems in the new federal state educational standards. However, despite the dissemination of such content, there is still no clear interpretation of the fundamental category of axiology, which underlies students' spiritual, moral and social development.The article critically examines the axiological principles that determine the organization of spiritual and moral development and education in the theory and practice of primary language education. Despite the abundance of value terminology and the diversity of value systems set out in educational standards, there remains a need for improved approaches to integrating these principles into language teaching. The article argues that adopting an axiological approach is necessary for the humanization of education and preserving national identity, culture and values within the framework of a renewed pedagogical parade. Slovak, Czech and English are also analyzed in the article as a factor of language reflection through the prism of forming a value view of the native language among students, which contributes to the formation of national identity of the individual and involves teaching languages as a national cultural value. The results of a diagnostic set of questions and tasks emphasizing linguistic and cultural aspects are presented. These elements serve to activate information in the student's mind about precedent phenomena, which are one of the manifestations of mentality.

ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА МОТИВАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛА В СВЕТЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the integration paradigm for understanding the motivational process of personnel and to identifying the possibilities of its scientific, theoretical and applied application. It analyzes existing scientific approaches to motivating organizational personnel, showing their methodological limitations and inconsistency with the needs of modern digital society in a holistic, systemic representation of the motivational process, which becomes possible on the basis of the proposed new, integration paradigm of motivation based on the use of activity-based and systemic approaches. System-activity methodology allows us to consider organizational motivation as an integral process of determining the behavior of employees in their practical, individual and collective, managerial and executive, constructive and destructive activities. In the integration paradigm, the fundamental categories of the concept of motivating personnel behavior are rethought, as close as possible to reality, and various, including spontaneous, factors of its determination are taken into account in scientific research and practical work. Attention is focused on the need for collective development, based on the imperatives of the integration paradigm, of a general model of the motivational process, representing various determinants of individual and collective organizational behavior of people in their holistic interaction. Such a model, embodied in appropriate computer programs, could serve as a scientific and applied basis for managing organizational motivation, using which one can take motivational work to a new, higher level that meets the requirements and capabilities of the digital society.