Utilization Of Funds Research Articles

Utilization of Untied Fund and Factors Affecting the Utilization at Sub-Centers of Rural Odisha: A Mixed-Method Study.

The untied funds at sub-centers provided flexibility for local action at block and down below levels. Effective utilization of untied fund can strengthen the healthcare. So, our study aims at assessing the knowledge of health workers, male/female (HWF/M), and effectiveness of utilization of untied funds at the sub-center (SC) level. A mixed method (cross-sectional study and qualitative study) was conducted at Tangi Block, Khordha district, Odisha, in the year 2020. Health workers, male and female in sub-centers, and local stakeholders were interviewed using a structured interview schedule. The tool comprises financial records, a semi-structured questionnaire, and an in-depth interview guide. Universal sampling was adopted. For the cross-sectional study, 24 health workers were male/female, and for the qualitative study, all local stakeholders and 24 health workers female/male were interviewed. The study was conducted as a part of an academic program, and ethics approval was approved by AIIMS Bhubaneswar Institute Ethics Committee. Seven out of 24 sub-centers did not spend any money, with a median unspent amount of 4260 INR (Q1-0, Q3-17300). As many as 36.8% of sub-centers had a delay of 9 months to get the untied fund, which significantly affected the utilization of funds. 37% of HWF/M utilized the fund inappropriately. None of the health workers had complete knowledge regarding the appropriate usage of untied fund. Communication gap, multiple engagements, non-cooperation from officials, delay in technical processing, and irregular Garam Sabha meetings were found to be barriers. Our study found out under-utilization of money in untied fund. Communication gap, non-cooperation form village leaders, poor knowledge, overburdened health workers, improper reporting, and lack of felt need were found to be barriers for prompt utilization.

Navigating Taxpayers Attitude: Exploring Support for Urban Sanitation Surcharge in Kumasi.

Urban sanitation challenges persist in Ghana, prompting Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) to explore innovative funding mechanisms such as surcharges to fund sanitation services. This study assesses property owners' attitudes toward the imposition of sanitation surcharge for pro-poor sanitation improvement in the Kumasi Metropolis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 property owners in the Kumasi metropolis. Structured questionnaires were utilized to solicit information from respondents using multi-stage sampling techniques. Findings indicated that 36.1% of respondents were willing to pay the sanitation surcharge, while 63.9% opposed its implementation in the Metropolis. Property ownership and support for a sanitation surcharge were associated with higher odds of willingness to pay. Participants paying property rates had decreased odds of supporting the sanitation surcharge. Factors associated with pro-poor spending support included age (61-80 years) [AOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.60-3.82] and willingness to pay sanitation surcharge [AOR = 11.07, 95%CI = 6.63-18.49]. Protective factors against supporting pro-poor spending included residing in medium-class communities [AOR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08-0.81], perceiving improvement in sanitation status [AOR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.21-0.81) and having a home toilet facility (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.36-0.95). The study revealed a nuanced landscape where concerns about fund utilization, perceived tax burdens, and trust in local institutions significantly shape public sentiment. To enhance public acceptance and participation, policymakers should prioritize transparent communication to build trust and convey the effective utilization of funds from the sanitation surcharge.

Foreign Investment and Capital Market Growth in Nigieria

The study of foreign investment and capital market growth in Nigeria was necessary to examine whether Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment enhanced Market Capitalization in Nigeria from 1999 to 2022. Auto-regression distributive lag was used with E view 10 statistical tool while the data source is secondary. The study is motivated by the fact that using foreign investment funds can boost the growth of capital market in Nigeria. The statistical result shows that FDI has positive and significant effect on Market Capitalization while FPI ,interest rate were not statistically positive and has no significant effect on Market Capitalization in Nigeria. It was concluded that foreign investments was partly positive and has significant effect on the growth of Nigerian Capital Market. The study recommended policymakers to improve or create investment friendly policies, strategies to attract financial intermediaries towards investment for more liquidity effeciency in the Nigerian firms, since investment increases liquidity of domestic capital markets.and can help develop market efficiency. Utilization of foreign direct investment funds contributes to the market liquidity effeciency to enable capital market growth in Nigeria. Moreso, foreign portfolio investment having, strong and well-regulated financial markets are necessary to deal with the inherent volatility. The financial system must have the capacity to assess and manage risks if it is to prudently and productively invest capital flows into foreign or domestic capital market.

Financial Management Challenges Heads of Schools Experience in Public Secondary Schools in Mbeya Rural District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania

Tanzania has decentralized financial management decision-making to school leaders and their communities. Management of financial resources is essential for the expansion of the skillful and resourceful use of finances in educational institutions. Financial management is the fundamental element on which the success of any organization depends. Where management is weak, success is hard to ascertain. This study explored the financial management challenges heads of schools experience in public secondary schools in Mbeya rural district. The data were collected from 66 respondents using questionnaire and interview guide. The study used simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS ver. 20) and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The study results revealed that, heads of public secondary school face common challenges particularly on budgetary, school accounts, financial reviews, financial accountability and financial recordings which in one way or another reduce work ability and responsibility. The study recommends that, heads of schools should be given full mandate on utilization of capitation grants and other funds, management workshops should be conducted to both heads of schools and teachers, and also there should be a need of organizing regular parental meetings to curb managerial financial challenges facing heads of schools on provision of quality education in public secondary schools. The government should lay down a policy on managerial skills training for the newly appointed and continuing heads of schools as this will enhance effective school management, hence better attainment of school goals and objectives.

Impact of Remittance on Financial Sector Growth in Nigeria: An Econometrics Approach

Remittance inflow is one of the major sources of foreign exchange not only to individuals and financial institutions but also to the economy as a whole. The level of remittance to Nigeria has been on the increase, yet the exchange rate has been very unstable with the naira falling against the USD dollars consistently. Despite different literature on the impact of remittance on the Nigerian economy as a whole, limited studies have been carried out on the effects of remittance on the financial sector of the economy. This study investigated the impact of remittance on the financial sector in Nigeria using data between 1986 and 2022. The choice of the period is to capture the effect on the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) on the economy while also considering other macroeconomic factors and shocks in period thereafter. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was employed. Evidence from the results revealed a long-run relationship between financial sector output, Remittances (REM), Cost of remittance (CRM), Trade Openness (TRO) and Exchange Rate (EXR). Meanwhile the cost of remittance was found insignificant. The empirical findings from the ARDL result show that there is a positive relationship between financial sector output, remittance inflow, cost of remittance, trade openness and exchange rate in Nigeria. Based on the empirical findings, the study recommended that government should employ policies that will encourage judicious utilization of funds received through remittances by channelling the funds into productive investment as it will encourage more inflow of remittances and make policy measures more stable to attract more remittances.

Можливості та ризики впровадження технології блокчейну як системи контролю фінансування та закупівель у Збройних Силах України

Background. In the context of war and increased inflow of international aid, Ukraine faces serious challenges in the field of defense procurement, where despite critical conditions, significant cases of corruption persist. This jeopardizes not only the efficiency of fund utilization but also the country's reputation in the eyes of all our partners on the international stage who provide us with direct financial assistance. The use of blockchain technology can be a key solution to ensure transparency, optimize fund flow, and reduce corruption by ensuring data immutability and information transparency. The aim of this article is to analyze in detail how the implementation of blockchain can optimize financial flows and procurement control in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and to develop specific and effective recommendations for its efficient use and implementation in conditions of armed conflict. Methods. The study applied methods of analysis and synthesis to assess the impact of blockchain technologies on the transparency of defense procurement in Ukraine. A systematic approach was used to study existing procedures and potential improvements through the implementation of blockchain. Results. The research has found that blockchain can significantly increase transparency and reduce corruption risks in procurement processes within the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Detailed analysis has shown that blockchain integration ensures the immutability of records, open access to transactions, and a consensus mechanism that ensures all network participants agree on the validity of records before they are added to the blockchain. This can greatly impede illegal manipulations. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it is recommended to implement blockchain technologies in the sphere of defense procurement. This requires the development of specialized anti-corruption measures and detailed adaptation of existing legislation for full technological integration. This involves creating solutions that take into account the specifics of military processes and ensure the highest level of security, reliability, and transparency. Further research should focus on testing, optimizing, and developing detailed blockchain systems for their effective use and implementation in conditions of military conflict.

Methodological approaches to analyzing cash funds of enterprises

Conducting economic activities without attracting cash funds is not possible, as money plays a direct role in a variety of enterprise operations, whether it's paying rent, and salaries, providing the enterprise with fixed assets, purchasing raw materials, distributing dividends to shareholders, or paying for construction and installation work. The success of a business entity's activities and its ability to finance current operations while timely repaying debts to creditors and accumulating funds for further investment in production expansion depend on the balanced size of cash inflows and outflows. Therefore, the analysis of cash funds is an important component of economic analysis at every enterprise, aimed at finding ways to optimize based on evaluating the sufficiency of formation, effectiveness of application, as well as the balance of inbound and outbound cash flows. This article identifies the stages of analyzing the existing cash flows of a business entity and clarifies the information base used during its implementation. Relative liquidity indicators have gained the widest use among financial condition indicators. The article provides a characterization of liquidity indicators and summarizes scholars' views on determining their normative values. It is proven that the main difficulties arise during the interpretation of the analysis results, as there are no uniform standards even for liquidity ratios in economic literature, which leads to ambiguity in assessing the level of cash management success and their sufficiency to ensure the company's solvency. It is noted that achieving a balance between positive and negative cash flows is one of the main directions of optimizing cash flow. The article describes the composition of indicators characterizing the state and effectiveness of cash flow formation and the efficiency of cash fund utilization. It is emphasized that a reasoned and comprehensive economic analysis of cash funds creates conditions for rational cash management, as it helps to track key development trends of the enterprise, identify the main factors influencing it, and make further forecasts.

Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Rural Tourism Villages: A Case Study of Ngargoretno Village, Indonesia

The development of rural tourism villages has emerged as a significant alternative in transforming subsistence agriculture patterns in rural areas, often characterized by irregular income streams that barely sustain basic needs. The trend of rural tourism village development is observed in many subsistence farming communities, leveraging the unique potential of natural and cultural resources that can be tapped through village fund utilization. The initiation of rural tourism village development in Ngargoretno Village began with community-driven efforts and a communal spirit to realize the concept of such a village. The village authorities also provided support by allocating village funds and empowerment activities, including training sessions for the youth who play a pivotal role in driving rural tourism village development. This research aims to describe the collaborative efforts between the community and village authorities in realizing rural tourism villages and identify the success factors in rural tourism village development. This research adopts a qualitative approach, with data collection conducted through observations and interviews with key stakeholders from the community and village authorities involved in rural tourism village development. The theoretical foundation of this research lies in empowerment theory, emphasizing the involvement of various stakeholders, including village authorities, educational institutions, and community organizations in rural tourism village development. The findings reveal active community involvement in infrastructure development such as roads, enhancement of tourist attractions through cleaning and painting marble, and the establishment of public facilities such as toilets. Furthermore, partnerships with educational institutions like Universitas Gadjah Mada and the Magelang Tourism Office have enriched tourism packages by introducing additional attractions such as tea plantation tours and religious tourism and promoting local cuisine. The development of rural tourism villages is also expected to increase the income of Ngargoretno Village residents through a rise in tourist visits from outside the village and the creation of new employment opportunities for the younger generation. Optimism persists, fueled by the enthusiastic spirit of village authorities and the community in developing the concept of rural tourism villages.

A Systematic Review On Green Banking Disclosure

This paper presents a systematic review of the topic of Green Banking Disclosure (GBD). GBD has been a growing concept since 2008, with its development bringing about changes, both in terms of the natural and social environments. As such, it is crucial to give it due attention. The study reviewed 50 papers, including 65 empirical ones, and yielded four main findings. Firstly, in terms of theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and the concept of Spider profit growth, which serves as an indicator of a company's fund utilization efficiency, were prevalent in the literature. These theories provide a basis for evaluating company management performance, motivating management, and controlling economic resource allocation, ultimately aiding in forecasting future profits and economic events. Secondly, the Green Coin Rating (GCR) concept, comprising six points, played a significant role in the discourse on green banking. Thirdly, the majority of GBD studies were conducted in Muslim-majority countries. The research population included all financial reports of Islamic Commercial Banks during the period 2016-2019. The sample consisted of nine Islamic Commercial Banks that published annual reports up to 2019 and met the criteria for implementing the Green Banking concept. The study suggests that future research endeavors should consider integrating both primary and secondary data to assess the implementation of Green Banking and green financing in banking institutions. This approach would lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject and provide a more communicative perspective for customers.

특별수선충당금 제도의 효율적인 운영을 위한 개선방안 연구

This research aims to derive policy implications for the efficient management of reserves for appropriations for special repairs(RASR) by “public housing operators” in response to the increasing demand for extensive annual maintenance expenses due to the growing aging inventory of public rental housing. To achieve this goal, a three-step approach was undertaken: analyzing the accounting records of maintenance expenses for six selected LH housing complexes, identifying operational challenges through surveys of LH practitioners, and evaluating the existing institutional issues related to the RASR. The analysis of maintenance expense accounting records revealed an excessive accumulation of RASR, which contrasted with its inadequate utilization in actual repairs and maintenance activities. Furthermore, statistical analysis of survey results unveiled three major inhibiting factors in the operation of the RASR: the irrational accumulation rate of the RASR, the complexity of procedures for utilizing the fund, limitations of RASR utilization to shared facilities. Notably, the need for institutional improvements in the “complexity of fund utilization procedures” was highlighted as the most significant. Lastly, through an assessment of the existing RASR institutional framework concerning these three identified factors, the following policy implications were derived: firstly, a relaxation of the RASR accumulation rate is warranted. Secondly, simplification of unnecessary procedures for utilizing the RASR is imperative. Thirdly, expansion of dedicated areas for utilizing the RASR to private unit is necessary.

Assistance for Office Establishment and Management of Lazismu Ngaglik Products as An Effort to Advance The Community

Abstract. Lazismu is a zakat institution that focuses on community empowerment through the productive utilization of zakat, infaq, and generosity funds obtained from individuals, institutions, companies, and other agencies. This service aims to help partners, namely Lazismu Ngaglik, in improving the management of products or programs as well as funds. The assistance is carried out in the form of providing training to Lazismu Ngaglik staff such as making a feasibility study for establishing an office, product feasibility, and administration. The result of this dedication is the establishment of the Lazismu Ngaglik service office.

Manajemen Program Bina Prestasi dalam Meningkatkan Potensi Siswa pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

The Bina Prestasi program in Islamic educational institutions is growing, therefore it needs good management so that students get the right to foster achievement in order to increase student potential. This study aims to analyze the management of the Bina Prestasi program in increasing student potential, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of Bina Prestasi program management at Al-Irsyad Junior High School in Surakarta. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection used observation, interviews and literature study. Data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study found that the achievement development program of Al Irsyad Junior High School Surakarta through the fields of natural science, social science, mathematics, English, Indonesian, Arabic, Khitobah, Calligraphy, Ziyadah, MHQ, and MTQ. The target is that each subject must include students in at least two competitions in one semester. Supporting factors are good cooperation and performance of all parties, effective and efficient utilization of funds, and adequate infrastructure. The inhibiting factor is that student enthusiasm sometimes fluctuates, and the material taught must be updated and upgraded.

PUCPEI Asset Management of SCMZ University: Basis for Enhanced Action Plan

Fixed assets ensured the stable and orderly progress of colleges and universities. In the current landscape of university asset management, issues such as redundant acquisitions and underutilization became increasingly prevalent. Consequently, efficient stock management and rigorous control of asset increments became imperative. The primary objective was to bolster fixed asset management, striving to achieve the most economical and efficient utilization of funds. The study critically evaluated the asset inventory and utilization at Sichuan Minzu University through a combined approach of literature review and questionnaire surveys, pinpointing inefficiencies in asset management practices. Introducing the "PUCPEI" framework—plan, use, check, process, evaluate, and improve—it provided a holistic model for effective fixed asset management in higher education, backed by innovative strategies. Through detailed analysis and evaluation of the PUCPEI model, the research unveiled issues at different stages and proposed strategic improvements. The findings offered valuable insights and clear direction for refining asset management processes, aiming to boost efficiency, quality, and overall organizational effectiveness. Overall, the study advanced the development of effective management practices and brought new research perspectives and innovations to the field of asset management. It not only provided a valuable resource for academics but also laid the foundation for achieving more excellent and efficient asset management practices.

Development Of Employment Of Zakat And Waqf For Remote Communities: The Case Of The Al-Qur'an Waqf Board

This paper discusses the development of utilization of zakat and waqf funds managed by the Al-Qur'an Waqf Agency (BWA) in order to help the community, especially on remote islands and remote areas during a pandemic. The purpose of this paper was to get an overview of the development of forms of utilization of zakat and waqf funds by BWA in helping the community. This paper belonged to the field of research on Islamic law and social institutions with a qualitative type of research. Data was collected through interviews and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the study stated that BWA developed forms of utilization of zakat and waqf in the health, religious and socio-economic sectors, by creating the Against Covid-19 Strengthen Indonesia program. The old programs were still a priority, such as several waqf programs and Peer to Peer Zakat. The conclusion of this paper was that the development carried out by BWA in utilizing zakat and waqf was carried out by analyzing the current pandemic situation. They remain focused on the old program while opening humanitarian services for people affected by Covid-19 on remote and inland islands.

Fairness Principles in Islamic Social Funds: An Analysis of Zakat and Wakaf Management in Indonesia

This study explores the implementation of the fairness principle in the management of Islamic social funds through zakat and wakaf in Indonesia, guided by existing legal frameworks and theoretical sources. Employing a legal approach, it critically examines and evaluates various laws related to the management of Islamic social funds in Indonesia. The research method utilized is a normative legal study focusing on theoretical examination and analysis of relevant legal documents and regulations. The findings reveal that the management of zakat and wakaf in Indonesia reflects the Fairness Principle, aiming to ensure just and equitable distribution and utilization of Islamic social funds. Such just management has significantly positive impacts on economic empowerment and societal welfare in Indonesia, enhancing education access, social infrastructure strengthening, productive business development, and empowerment of vulnerable groups, thus reducing poverty and social inequality. Collaboration between Islamic social fund institutions, government, and society is crucial to ensuring effective and sustainable utilization in enhancing Indonesia's overall economic welfare and societal well-being.Highlights:
 
 Implementation of the fairness principle in managing Islamic social funds (zakat and wakaf) ensures equitable distribution and utilization.
 Management significantly impacts economic empowerment and societal welfare in Indonesia.
 Strong collaboration between institutions, government, and society is key to effective and sustainable utilization of zakat and wakaf.
 
 Keywords: Zakat, Wakaf, Fairness Principle, Economic Empowerment, Welfare Enhancement

Analysis of the Effect of PSAK 109 Implementation on Good Corporate Governance of Amil Zakat Institutions

In 2020, the Indicators of Zakat Potential Mapping (IPPZ) also released the total potential for collecting zakat funds of IDR 327.6 trillion. However, Puskas Baznas in 2021 publicized that the collection of zakat funds was only around 4% of the total potential collection. The implementation of the principles of Good Corporate Governance is an effort to optimize the collection and utilization of zakat funds by encouraging the performance of zakat management organizations to be more effective, efficient and professional. PSAK 109 on accounting for zakat infak and sedekah aims to standardize the financial governance of zakat management organizations which includes standards of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of PSAK 109 implementation on strengthening the Good Corporate Governance of the Amil Zakat Institution. This research is quantitative research with an explanatory approach conducted at LAZ Al Bunyan Bogor and LAZ Sinergi Foundation Bandung. From the research results, the ttable value is 1.734 and the tcount value is 2.252. So that the tcount value of 2.252 is greater than the ttable of 1.734 (2.252> 1.734), then Ha is accepted. If Ha is accepted, it can be concluded that the application of PSAK 109 affects Good Corporate Governance at LAZ Al Bunyan and LAZ Sinergi Foundation

Non-current asset restoration costs upon cancellation of martial law in Ukraine

The need to conduct a study on accounting for the costs of restoring non-current assets after the lifting of martial law in Ukraine is urgent. This need has arisen as a result of the extensive destruction and damage that the military conflict has caused. The end of the war will lead to the need to restore these assets in order to alleviate the humanitarian situation and facilitate economic recovery, and this is of great legal importance to ensure proper accounting. The study aims to develop a model to systemise and predict the process of accounting for costs associated with the restoration of non-current assets. The following methods of scientific cognition were used: comparison, description, modelling, analysis, and synthesis. Thus, the main factors that destroy certain non-current assets were formulated in the course of this study. Each of the proposed stages of this accounting process has been thoroughly researched, analysed, and explained, which ultimately demonstrated its holistic mode of operation. It also proposed a classification of costs that should be recorded, supported by specific examples, and tracked the entire document flow process, including its preparation, receipt, registration, and retention, which made it possible to specify the implementation of the steps involved. Emphasis is placed on the importance of maintaining company records, listing necessary documents. Evidence of proper fund utilization for non-current asset restoration is deemed vital for addressing stakeholder concerns effectively. In terms of practical implications, this paper should be useful for accountants, auditors, government officials and all those involved in the cost accounting mechanism, as the study will contribute to a better understanding of the implementation of all accounting steps, which in turn will allow identifying and eliminating problems that may arise at each stage

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND GOOD GOVERNANCE MODELS IN IMPROVING ZAKAT COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR AMONG ENTREPRENEURS IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

The Aceh government issued an appeal letter No.180/11860 dated August 3 2022 regarding an appeal to Muslim employees and companies (businesses) to deposit their zakat to Baitul Mal. The compliance behavior of entrepreneurs paying zakat to Baitul Mal is an important concern in optimizing zakat receipts in Aceh. Socio-economic models and good governance are important factors in increasing zakat compliance among entrepreneurs. What are Baitul Mal Aceh's policies and strategies for optimizing these two models? This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected using interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses data reduction techniques, data display and conclusion making. The research results show that Baitul Mal Aceh has strengthened zakat management regulations in Aceh and followed this with education and socialization. Apart from that, Baitul Mal also always displays information related to the collection and utilization of zakat funds. Management with good governance is carried out by prioritizing transparency and accountability in zakat management. It is hoped that optimizing zakat continues to prioritize socio-economic models and good governance and can increase the trust and interest of entrepreneurs so that in the end they give their zakat to Baitul Mal Aceh.

The implementation of health operational cost management in reducing stunting in the Kalisat Community Health Centre, Jember Regency

<p><strong><em>Background </em></strong><em>: BOK Funds are used to finance ten activities that promote and prevent health, including community health centre management and malnutrition reduction. Other sources of funding for stunting include the State Budget, the Local government budget, village funds, and the BOK. According to the 2018 Jember Regency BOK budget realization report, the average utilization of BOK funds by Jember Regency community health centres was 89.99%. This typical rate of absorption is regarded as satisfactory. This is not consistent with the increase in stunting, particularly at the Kalisat Community Health Centre, which increased by 25.07 % in 2019. </em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives </em></strong><em>: The objectives of the study were: a) to evaluate the planning; b) to evaluate the mobilization and implementation; and c) to evaluate the supervision, control, and performance evaluation of BOK in reducing stunting. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methods </em></strong><em>: Therefore, this study employed a qualitative methodology and case study research design. Informants involved in this research were the head of the community health center a person in charge of the BOK, secretary and a member of the BOK management, the head of administration, nutritionist at the community health center, and regional midwife. Completed research conducted in August of 2020. An interview guide, in-depth interviews were utilized to collect data. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em> : According to the study's found that the series of management activities were in accordance with the guidelines. Planning is carried out from the bottom up, Mobilization and Implementation are carried out through Lokmin, but Lokmin participants are often absent due to multiple tasks (e.g., there were several activities that did not go according to plan, particularly during the pandemic era, there were double jobs, and workshop participants were frequently late.) BOK is used to finance the operational costs of stunting prevention program activities.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> Planning, mobilization, implementation and use of BOK funds are in accordance with guidelines and budget allocation. Mini workshops should be held at agreed times and take into account officers who have double jobs</em></p>

Optimal stock allocation for an automated portfolio recommender system in the perspective of maximum fund utilization

“Buying or selling” a favorable combination of stocks is always challenging for non-professional investors due to its inherent complex and dynamic nature. Creating an automated Portfolio Recommender System (RS) for investors, has been an active area of research. The reliable performance of a portfolio depends on several complex factors, namely market fluctuations, market, and investors’ behavioral patterns, customers’ demographic classification, etc. In addition, the inter-relationship between the stocks needs more investigation along with the return and associated risk for the proper selection of a portfolio. In this work, the daily closing prices and volume of 297 Indian stocks from Large, Mid, and Small Cap categories from different sectors in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India for the FY 2021–22 have been considered. The set of dissimilar stocks has been extracted through K-means clustering using several additional parameters, namely, beta factor and proportionate volume, along with the traditional concepts of expected return and associated risk to create sample portfolios. Subsequently, the standard portfolios from the samples have been constructed utilizing Markowitz’s Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) with a trade-off between expected return and associated risk. Next, for the purpose of comparing the maximum utilization of the investment amount, the greedy algorithm, as well as the integer programming problem, have been applied to different investment options. The associated numbers of discrete stock allocations have been obtained accordingly. The comparison shows that the greedy algorithm performs better than integer programming problem from the perspective of maximum fund utilization. The performance validation confirms that the MPT model is better than the Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) model, even in a period of market crisis. Finally, on the basis of different portfolio indices, the standard portfolios and other similar portfolios using the cosine similarity approach are recommended in accordance with investors’ choice.