Allocation Of Funds Research Articles

A protocol for a living mapping review of global research funding for infectious diseases with a pandemic potential - Pandemic PACT.

The COVID CIRCLE initiative Research Project Tracker by UKCDR and GloPID-R and associated living mapping review (LMR) showed the importance of sharing and analysing data on research at the point of funding to improve coordination during a pandemic. This approach can also help with research preparedness for outbreaks and hence our new programme the Pandemic Preparedness: Analytical Capacity and Funding Tracking Programme (Pandemic PACT) has been established. The LMR described in this protocol builds on the previous UKCDR and GloPID-R COVID-19 Research Project database with addition of the priority diseases from the WHO Blueprint list plus initial additions of pandemic influenza, mpox and plague. We capture data on new funding commitments directly from funders and map these against a core ontology (aligned to existing research roadmaps). We will analyse regularly collated new research funding commitments to provide an open, accessible, near-real-time overview of the funding landscape for a wide range of infectious disease and pandemic preparedness research and assess gaps. The periodicity of updates will be increased in the event of a major outbreak. We anticipate that this LMR and the associated online tool will be a useful resource for funders, policy makers and researchers. In the future, our work will inform a more coordinated approach to research funding by providing evidence and data, including identification of gaps in funding allocation with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries.

Links between deforestation, conservation areas and conservation funding in major deforestation regions of South America

Abstract Land‐use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, affecting tropical forests and savannas at an unprecedented rate. To protect these ecosystems and their biodiversity, national conservation areas and international conservation funding have increased considerably in these regions. Understanding of how conservation funding allocation relates to dynamics in deforestation and conservation areas is crucial to identifying what mobilizes and distributes conservation funding. By applying fixed‐effect models on 30 years of dynamics in forest cover, conservation areas and conservation funding in the main deforestation regions of South America, we analysed the conservation funding allocation strategies in relation to deforestation (proactive vs. reactive), conservation areas (expanding or consolidating) and previous investment (agglomerating or not). We also assessed whether allocation strategies vary across regions and the stages of deforestation and conservation. We found that funding allocation followed conservation areas and higher prior funding levels over space and over time, across all regions and deforestation stages. This highlights the important role of recognized conservation areas (including protected areas and Indigenous territories) in mobilizing financial support for conservation. The allocation strategies relating to forest dynamics, however, varied depending on the scale of analysis, whether we look at the temporal or spatial dimension, and in which regions we assessed the allocation patterns. Capturing region‐level biases and within‐region dynamics is crucial for more effective and equitable conservation. As public and private actors commit to mobilizing more conservation funding and conserving more areas of the Earth, our insights on the relations between forest change and conservation efforts can help improve the allocation of conservation areas and conservation funding. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Analysis of Accountability and Transparency of Village Fund Allocation Management in Sebani Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency

Analysis of Accountability and Transparency of Village Fund Allocation Management in Sebani Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency

Analysis of Accountability and Transparency of Village Fund Allocation Management in Sebani Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency

The village as the smallest government system demands renewal to support improved village development and the standard of living of village communities that are far from poverty. The various problems in the village are very complex, making it a reason for the village to develop. The development progress in each village is no less important. This research aims to analyze accountability and transparency of village fund allocation management in Sebani Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency. The method in this study is a descriptive qualitative method by means of direct interviews with informants. The location of this accountability and transparency research is in Sebani Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency. This research was carried out for a period of 6 months, starting from January 2024 to June 2024. The data is processed using data analysis techniques with stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 20 of 2018 show that the management of village fund allocations in Sebani Village is accountable and transparent in the stages of administration, reporting, and accountability.

Navigating the changing landscape of transplant research: Trends, topics, and gender disparities

BackgroundTransplantation is a rapidly evolving field, reflecting advances in medical science and changing healthcare needs. This study aims to elucidate shifts in research focus over a decade, providing insights into emerging trends in transplant research. MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of 9,250 articles published in five high-impact transplant journals from 2012 to 2021. Article titles were processed to extract keywords using R Studio (v. 4.3.0). STATA 18 was used for t-tests and logistic regressions, with significance set at p ​< ​0.05. ResultsEmerging topics over the decade included outcomes and survival, surgical innovations, and lung transplantation. There was a downward trend in research on immunosuppression, genetics, and immunology. Over the decade, the odds of women's first authorship were higher for subjects such as public health, pediatric transplantation, infectious diseases, renal transplantation, and psychological aspects. Similarly, there were lower odds for women as first authors on surgical innovations, organ preservation, living donor transplantation, liver and lung transplantation, and multiorgan transplantation. Senior women authors had higher odds of publishing on the same topics as first author, plus immunology, kidney and heart transplantation. There were lower odds that a woman would be last author of regenerative medicine and xenotransplantation. Over the decade, there were higher odds of funding for research published on xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and immunology. Living donor, infectious diseases, and liver transplantation had lower odds of being funded over time. ConclusionThis cross-sectional study highlights the dynamic nature of transplant research, underscoring the importance of continuous observation of trends to anticipate future directions and needs in the field. The emergence of new focal areas, especially those related to technological advancements and social issues, reflects a broader trend in medical research responding to evolving challenges and opportunities. Notably, women's authorship was more prevalent in public health but less in surgical innovation. These insights can guide future research priorities, funding allocation, and clinical practices in transplantation.

Preferable price to buy an electric two-wheeled vehicle for college students

This research delves into the determinants affecting Taiwanese college students’ purchasing behavior towards two-wheeled electric vehicles (ETWVs) and the financial allocation they are willing to commit. A choice experiment design was utilized, with a sample of approximately 900 college students, regular users of two-wheeled gasoline vehicles (TWGs). The students engaged in one of two choice scenarios, presented with general characteristics, operational efficiency, vehicle cost, and subsidy strategies. Subsequent to the scenarios, respondents indicated their willingness to pay (WTP) for a ETWV. ETWVs, apart from being an emerging transportation alternative, also present potential environmental and health benefits due to reduced air pollution. The dependent inverse hyperbolic sine (IHS) double-hurdle model was employed, facilitating the accommodation of heteroscedasticity and correlated normality. The outcomes suggest that purchasing behavior for ETWVs among college students is shaped by factors such as purchase subsidy, tax breaks, and ETWVs’ capability in supporting students’ external travel requirements. The average WTP for ETWVs among this demographic stands at US$ 1,410. Importantly, the dependent IHS double-hurdle model, considering heteroscedasticity, proved statistically superior to its counterparts. Insights from this research offer crucial information on the price range students are likely to accommodate for ETWVs and provide a foundation for framing incentive-driven policies to amplify ETWV adoption

ANALISIS KINERJA PEMERINTAH DESA DI DESA MALITU

The aim of thus research is to determine the performance of the village government in carrying out village development and also in managing the allocation of village funds in Malitu village, whether it is in accordance with existing regulations and also in accordance with the indicators that must be carried out by the village government. The method used in this research is a descriptive method whit a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the village government in carrying out its duties has followed the regulations and also the indicators or measurements used to see the performance of the village government, namely, productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. So, it can be said that the performance of the Malitu village government is good. Likewise, for managing village fund allocations, the village government has used the implementation stage, supervision stage and also the accountability stage. So that realization of the village fund allocations is carried out well and in accordance whit the needs of the Malitu village community, even though there are obstacles faced in it, namely, the weather and also poor roads.

The Impact of State Funding of Higher Education on Employment and Living Standards in Georgia

State financing of higher education is crucial for promoting innovation and competition, as well as guaranteeing equal opportunities and access to education. This financing facilitates the development of students' potential by providing them with the necessary skills and information to enhance graduation rates and social well-being. Scholarships and grants are implemented to improve student access to education by aligning the financial system with the demands of the job market and educational developments. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of financing higher education in Georgia on employment of graduates and well-being of the population. The results of the survey of entrants and students reveal that public awareness of state-funded higher education programs in Georgia is quite low (47.2%). A large part of the graduates (47,8%) provided with various types of state funding during their studies are not employed in their specialty. The impact of the increase in the expenditure on education on the increase in the income of the population is quite low (0.23%). The research concludes that the allocation of public funds for higher education in Georgia does not effectively match the capabilities of graduates with the demands of the labour market. The reason for the mentioned inconsistency is that the requirements of the labor market were not taken into account when determining the directions to be financed. In addition, it is important to note that the demands of the labor market change every year in accordance with the current challenges, therefore the employer also demands relevant skills immediately, which cannot be met by higher education institutions in a short period of time. Despite the above, the involvement of employers in the process of developing educational programs is low and it is mostly formal in nature. When determining the priority educational programs, there is no periodic revision of the directions so that it is adapted to the demands of the labor market. It is necessary to establish partnership relations between employers, higher educational institutions and the state in order to take into account the requirements of the labor market both in the development of educational programs and in the determination of priority educational directions. Enhancing transparency and emphasising practical training in key areas are essential for enhancing the program's efficacy and enhancing the career chances of graduates. These modifications will provide a more favourable return on investment for state education expenditure. Keywords: higher education, state financing, employment, living standards

Defining the Need for Services for Patients at High Risk of Breast Cancer at a Safety-Net Hospital: An Approach to Narrowing the Disparities Gap.

The National Accreditation Program for Breast Cancer (NAPBC) standards were recently revised to promote breast cancer (BC) risk assessment and subsequent referral for high-risk services. This project sought to estimate the proportion of patients at high risk for BC in the authors' safety-net hospital system, gauge patient interest in high-risk services, and define resources for program development. Women presenting for breast imaging during 2 weeks in 2023 were surveyed. Thirty-five patients with a history or diagnosis of BC were excluded. The Tyrer-Cuzick (TC) model version 8 was used to calculate BC risk. High/intermediate risk was defined as a 10-year risk of 5% or more, a lifetime risk of 15% or more, or both. The criteria for genetic counseling and testing referral were based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. A total of 257 patients had a TC risk assessment showing 14.8% (n = 38) with a 10-year BC risk of 5% or more (consideration of endocrine therapy), 6.2% (n = 16) with a lifetime BC risk of 20% or more (qualifying for annual screening MRI), and 10.5% (n = 27) with a lifetime BC risk of 15% or more (consideration of high-risk screening). The criteria for genetic counseling/testing were met by 61 (23.7%) of the 257 patients. Overall, 31.5% (n = 81) qualified for high/intermediate-risk screening, risk reduction, and/or genetic assessment/testing, 92.8% of whom were interested in referrals for additional information and care. In the authors' community, almost one third of patients undergoing breast imaging qualify for BC high-risk assessment and services. The majority of the patients expressed interest in pursuing such services. These data will be used in financial planning and resource allocation to develop a high-risk program at the authors' institution in line with NAPBC guidelines. They are hopeful that these efforts will improve oncologic outcomes and survival from BC in their community.

Exploring Consumer Preferences for Pharmacy Provision of Mifepristone in the Human-centered Design Discovery Phase

ObjectiveWe used human-centered design to explore preferred consumer experiences for obtaining mifepristone for medication abortion care from a pharmacy. MethodsWe conducted a two-part virtual workshop series with the same 10 participants in March and April of 2022 to initiate the discovery phase of a human-centered design process. Most participants were residents of Illinois and all participants had uteruses and had either sought abortion care or supported someone who had. Co-developed and co-facilitated with a local abortion fund, workshops engaged participants to provide formative data for the development of recommendations for community health center clinicians and pharmacists. A simulated medication abortion care counseling session grounded group activities and discussions that explored the experience of filling a medication abortion prescription at a pharmacy or by mail. Data were analyzed for key themes and recommendations. Qualitative data were collected from the workshops. Data analysis was conducted in three iterative, parallel stages: 1) virtual whiteboard results from both workshops were analyzed deductively through spreadsheets and visualizations; 2) close reading was conducted for workshop transcripts and participant evaluations; and 3) document analysis was used to triangulate data across formats. Data were discussed periodically among the research team until consensus was reached. ResultsFive primary categories of questions and preferences emerged from workshop data concerning: logistics, privacy, cost, pharmacist refusal, and follow-up care. Researchers found that participants desired certain questions and concerns to be answered by specific provider types. Participants indicated a desire for further research and opportunities that prioritize lived experience and use storytelling and/or design methods to collect data. ConclusionsDespite existing patient-oriented medication abortion resources, there is a need for patient resources to support pharmacy dispensing, and a corresponding need for clinician and pharmacist resources. These can help in-person and mail-order pharmacy dispensing TO be as consumer friendly as possible.

The relationship between radiation oncology department NIH funding and institutional community inclusion/investment.

153 Background: Disparities in healthcare access and funding allocation persist among racial minorities and low-income populations. Radiation Oncology departments play a crucial role in cancer treatment, yet the extent to which these departments serve historically underrepresented communities following receipt of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding remains unclear. This study accessed the relationship between radiation oncology departments that are awarded National Institute of Health (NIH) funding and Lown Institute Hospitals Index rankings for community benefit and inclusivity. Methods: Radiation oncology departments awarded funding from the NIH from 2019-2021 were retrospectively studied. The 2023 Lown Institute Hospital Index rankings for community benefit and inclusivity were examined. The community benefit metric measures financial assistance spending, community investment spending, and Medicaid as a portion of patient revenue. The inclusivity metric measures the similarities of income, race, and education level between the hospital patient population and the surrounding community. Kendall’s correlation coefficient (tau value) and linear regression were used to evaluate the relationship between measures of community benefit and inclusivity and NIH radiation oncology department research funding. Results: Twenty-two radiation oncology departments that received NIH funding (median = $ 419,555.00) were included. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the amount of radiation oncology NIH research funding received and institutional rankings for overall community benefit (tau = 0.378; P &lt; 0.034), with a trend towards significance for institutional rankings for community investment spending (tau = 0.497; P &lt; 0.053). No significant correlation was observed between the amount of radiation oncology department funding and institutional rankings for charity care spending (P = 0.430), Medicaid as a portion of patient revenue (P = 0.837), and service of patients from racial and or ethnic minorities (P = 0.505), with low income (P = 0.612), or with lower levels of education (P = 0.700). Conclusions: Our study highlights the relationship between recent NIH funding received by Radiation Oncology departments and their commitment to community health and inclusivity. Our findings indicate a significantly positive correlation between NIH funding received by radiation oncology departments and overall community benefit. This suggests that departments receiving NIH funding may be incentivized to allocate resources towards initiatives to improve community health outcomes beyond direct patient care. This study prompts further exploration into the mechanisms through which NIH-funded radiation oncology departments allocate resources and engage with their surrounding communities.

The economic impact of dry port investment in Indonesia: A case study of Bangil, Pasuruan District, East Java Province

Acknowledging the pivotal role of ports and dry ports in shaping a nation’s economic landscape, this study explores the economic impact of port development in East Java, specifically Bangil Dry Port in Pasuruan over at least 30 years of business operational process. This study pioneers the quantification of gross value added, investment multiplier effect, tax contribution, and Creating Shared Value (CSV) resulting from dry port investment. The method used for calculating multiplier investment is Keynesian multiplier approach and for labor absorption is Incremental Labor Output Ratio (ILOR). Field surveys were conducted to determine the condition of Bangil, and secondary data on the growth of container flows at Port of Tanjung Perak was used as a reference for growth in Bangil. Overall, these results show that Bangil Dry Port investment will generates positive impact both for government and society in general, but also the economy of East Java and Pasuruan District in particular. These results offer practical guidance for decision-makers in optimizing public funds allocation, while also laying the groundwork for future scholars to conduct comprehensive societal-scale cost-benefit analyses of strategic port investments, contributing to a deeper understanding of the economic implications.

Fund Allocation and Budget Utilization Rate in Relation to SUC Leveling Performance

In the academe, the realization of desired educational goals and objectives counts largely on the effective planning and management of school funds by the school administrators. The amount of funds allocated to schools by the government and the budget utilization rate of the recipient are some factors to be considered in meeting the programs, projects, and activities. This study aimed to determine the fund allocation and Budget Utilization Rate (BUR) in relation to SUC leveling performance among technological State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) of Region VIII in terms of Personal Services (PS), Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE), and Capital Outlay (CO). The respondents were budget and planning officers in each SUC. Descriptive-evaluative research was utilized in this study since it assessed or examined the level of fund allocation and budget utilization rate in relation to SUC leveling performance. Percentage and mean were used to analyze the pertinent data, and coefficient correlation was applied to establish the significant relationships among the variables. Findings revealed that the bigger fund allocation with a correspondingly high budget utilization rate gave favorable SUC leveling performance. It is suggested to incorporate a conceptual model that links Information and Communications Technology (ICT) that accounts for budget allocation and utilization in future studies.

지방교육자치의 현안 진단과 향후 과제

This study aims to diagnosis the current issues of local educational autonomy and reveal its future tasks. For this, the author analyze broadly the precedent articles and a lot of policy documents which have been produced by Ministry of Education, and so on. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly the author summarizes that the current issues, which have been observed since Yoon Suk Yeol Government(Yoon Government), are the following three catergories; ⑴ reorganizing of educational governance and minimizing of local educational automomy, ⑵ the conflict of local educational finance system, ⑶ controversy over superintendent electoral system. Secondly it is found that the first future task is the emancipation of the ideology of political neutrality of education, which is necessary for epistemological maintenance. Thirdly the second future task is the democratization of education (administration) that produces effective solving method of controversy over superintendent electoral system. Fourthly the third future task is the conversionary approach for innovating local educational finance system, which needs the open minded holistic approach.

Maṣādiru Tamwīlil Ta’līmi fī al-Madrasati al-Islāmīyati min Manẓūri Niẓami Tamwili at-Ta’limi fī Indūnisiyā

Education has a very important role in promoting the civilization of the nation. A good education can encourage the creation of a good, creative and productive society so that it can finally achieve the goals of the state. Through this Indonesian national education system, the government must be able to ensure the equitable distribution of educational opportunities, as well as the importance and efficiency of education management to meet challenges in line with the changing demands of local, national and global life. The budget allocation system for education in Indonesia is strongly influenced by government policies. The researcher used the library research method by collecting information and data with the help of various materials found in the library such as reference books, similar previous research results, articles, notes and various journals related to the problem to be solved. Research activities are carried out by collecting information and data with the help of various materials in the library such as reference books, similar previous research results, articles, notes and various journals related to the problem to be solved. The research concluded that the financing of education in Indonesia through seven sources: Sources of funding from the central government from Law No. 20 of 2003 on the national education system, Article 49 "Education funds other than education salaries and official education costs are allocated at a minimum of 20% of the state budget and a minimum of 20% of the local revenue budget called the Public Allocation Fund and partially added with the Special Allocation Fund, local governments, parents of students, adoptive parents, community groups, students themselves and sources of institutions or associations.

Impact of regional investment on the sustainable development goals: A group analysis of economic and territorial development

AbstractThe European Green Deal aims at increasing the sustainability of European economic sectors to mitigate the effects of climate change. Complementing this initiative, the Next Generation EU (NGEU) program, whose budget will exceed 800 billion € by 2026, is not merely a recovery plan but also a catalyst for green technologies and sustainable activities. Within this framework, Italy stands as the largest beneficiary of funds. The present study explored the distribution to date of 194.4 billion € NGEU funds across Italian regions and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that have received the most significant attention as a result of this funding. Leveraging multiple comprehensive datasets, including one encompassing more than 306,706 measures and sub‐measures, the analysis revealed that 55.5 billion € was directed towards Italy's “Green Revolution and Ecological Transition,” with a further 104.1 billion € allocated towards (predominantly) SDGs 7 and 9. Moreover, 70.3 billion € was directed towards southern Italy (including the islands), while 81.0 billion € was allocated to the north. Although the population in the north is approximately one‐third larger than that of the south, on a per capita basis, the north received 2930 € while the south received a significantly greater sum of 3470 €. Thus, the NGEU has not significantly reduced the north–south divide in economic terms. Furthermore, some southern regions have shown satisfactory sustainability performance, despite receiving a relatively lower allocation of NGEU funds. The “Made in Italy” initiative may represent a strategic approach to increasing competitiveness in the global and digital markets and fostering fraternity among Italian regions. The present research offers valuable insights into the regional distribution of funds and their impact on sustainable development, suggesting that territorial gaps may be mitigated through a pragmatic, community‐based approach.

Discussion and Verification: Chinese Development Path

This paper examines the long-term implications of China's extensive investment in infrastructure and real estate, suggesting that the country may have reached a stage where returns on such investments are significantly diminishing. Merely loosening lending regulations is unlikely to yield sustainable benefits and could, in fact, worsen the financial strain on local governments, particularly when accounting for hidden liabilities from local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), which are projected to surpass half of the country's GDP. The heavy dependence of local governments on land sales for revenue further complicates the issue, as a downturn in the real estate sector could lead to a dramatic decline in this vital income source. While these challenges are theoretically solvable, they are extremely difficult to address in practice. The paper stresses the need for a more balanced and diversified approach to economic development, particularly in addressing local government debt and finding new revenue streams beyond land sales.

Financial incentive instruments of regional economy’ «green» transformation

Transformation and development of the economy towards greening is an important measure for different regions to address the global challenges of climate change and rising pollution levels, and a necessary pathway to achieve sustainable development. Whether it is modernization and transformation of green technologies in traditional industries or green management of the public environment, external financial support is needed to compensate for the insufficient investment of micro-economic actors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key financial instruments that stimulate the green transformation of the regional economy, as well as an attempt to determine the directions of using these instruments to increase the effective supply of green funds and ensure their increasing role in promoting economic transformation on the path of building an ecological civilization. The methodological basis of the study was formed by analytical and comparative methods, as well as relevant works of scientists devoted to the study of the problems of stimulating environmentally-oriented transformation processes, primarily in the regional context. The results of the analysis show that, given the important supporting role of finance in the green transformation of the economy and the fact that the relevant research is still at the initial stage, the systemic mechanism of financial stimulation of the regional economy’ green transformation should be based on three elements: financial support, capital allocation and risk diversification. It is demonstrated that the development of green economy cannot be separated from the increasing innovation dynamics of "green" financial products, so it is necessary to increase efforts in the field of development and implementation of financial innovations, to provide priority financial support to key sectors of the green economy.

Implementation of Accounting Information Systems in Village Fund Management Accountability

This study aims to examine the effect of accounting information systems on accountability for village fund management in Boyolali Regency with control variables of village development index, village fund ceiling, and population. The study was conducted in 40 villages in Boyolali Regency with the criteria of village development index at the developing village stage. Data collection was collected by filling out questionnaires and secondary data for control variables taken from the official government website. The results of this study indicate that accounting information systems have an effect on accountability for village fund management in Boyolali Regency. The control variable of population has a positive effect on accountability for village fund management. The village development index and village fund allocation have a negative effect on accountability for village fund management.

US Anti-Trafficking Funding and the Discourse of ‘Prevention’

The United States government has positioned itself as the global exemplar in the anti-human trafficking arena, including through its unparalleled financial support for domestic and international anti-trafficking activities. How the US has allocated these funds has not previously been systematically studied. Building on original databases compiled through a review of the US Attorney General’s Annual Report to Congress on US Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons for fiscal years 2017–2021, in this article, I offer a detailed analysis of US anti-trafficking funding allocations. I find that during the five-year period under review, the vast majority of US anti-trafficking funds were spent on reactive activities, including the identification, protection, and support of trafficking survivors and efforts to improve the detection, arrest, and prosecution of traffickers. In contrast, activities targeting the conditions that increase precarity, rendering certain populations at heightened risk of being trafficked, or that enable the exploitation of precarity, were relatively under-funded. When these conditions were addressed by funded activities, the targets were nearly always countries in Africa, Asia, or Latin America, perpetuating a discourse of trafficking as a social problem rooted in poor policies, practices, and inequalities seen as endemic in the Global South.