Support Functions Research Articles

Literature Review: Application of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) to Increase Operational Effectiveness and Company Productivity

Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) is a manufacturing method and the name of an automated computer system by which the individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing company are organized. In a CIM system, functional areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, and distribution are linked via computers providing direct control and monitoring of all process operations. This study aims to analyze and review the literature on Computer Integrated Manufacturing in previous research through references to international journal articles by considering the discussion of the application of CIM in a manufacturing industry case for production efficiency and company operations with article sampling parameters such as being indexed in Scopus Q3.

Total Knee Arthroplasty for Contractures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Summary. Knee joint injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in 70% of cases. This is the most common cause of loss of work capacity and the ability to selfcare; patients become severely disabled, since the disease is accompanied by contractures with the development of discordant positions of the lower limbs, which leads to a partial or complete loss of the function of support and walking. Thus, this problem needs to be studied.
 Objective: to analyze the orthopedic treatment of secondary arthrosis of the knee joints in patients with RA, complicated by contractures.
 Materials and Methods. In this study, we have analyzed the orthopedic treatment of 66 RA patients with secondary arthrosis with contractures, who underwent 75 total knee replacements between 2013 and 2020. Anamnestic data, clinical, biomechanical and statistical research methods were used.
 Results. The analysis of the results of total knee replacement was followed in the period from 6 months to 5 years. The results were evaluated according to the 100-point scale by J. Joseph,
 E.E. Kaufman (1550). The majority of patients had good treatment results.
 Conclusions. Total knee replacement is required in patients with 2nd phase of the stage II of the disease and higher. In our opinion, this is the most optimal time for surgical treatment, which allows patients with RA to fully use the capabilities of an implanted endoprosthesis.

Order Statistic Estimation With Application to Tracking in Autonomous Driving

In this work, we study the order statistic estimation and provide a simple solution to lidar bounding box (BB) centroid estimation for an autonomous vehicle (AV). The estimated BB centroid and its uncertainty will be used in object tracking as measurement and measurement noise variance; the latter is commonly not available from the sensor manufacturer, and is needed for data association and target state estimation. The detected and clustered sensor observations for a single target, on one axis, are assumed to have i) a triangular density, or ii) a uniform (rectangular) density. These densities constitute the likelihood function (LF) of the corresponding support (the interval where they are nonzero) boundaries. Estimators are proposed for the LF support boundary parameter estimation and the centroid coordinates are given by the centers of the boundaries. Experiments using real data are carried out to show the performance of the proposed methods for autonomous driving applications. A comparison with the Max-Min average approach shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Does financial structure still matter for technological innovation when financial technology and financial regulation develop?

The market-based evolution of financial structure is widely implemented around the world in the past decades and is proved by scholars to create a better financing environment for technological innovation. Nonetheless, the flourishing of financial technology and the strengthening of financial regulation change the financial industry, which may lead to new images. Based on 2665 A-share listed Chinese firms, this study examines the impact of financial structure on enterprise-level technological innovation and the moderating effect of financial technology and regulation. This study demonstrates that the market-based evolution of financial structure is based on two ways to increase the quantity and improve the quality of technological innovation. One is to increase investment, and the other is to improve the input–output innovation efficiency. Financial technology and regulation individually weaken but collectively strengthen the positive impact of the market-based evolution of financial structure. Banks rapidly implement advanced technology and are more tightly regulated. The collaborative development of technology and regulation promotes the financial market's innovation support functions. Heterogeneities, such as internal governance and external supervision, lead to mixed results. This paper lends support for countries with less developed financial systems to embrace reforms in their financial structure, financial technology, and financial regulation.

Astrocytes of the eye and optic nerve: heterogeneous populations with unique functions mediate axonal resilience and vulnerability to glaucoma.

The role of glia, particularly astrocytes, in mediating the central nervous system's response to injury and neurodegenerative disease is an increasingly well studied topic. These cells perform myriad support functions under physiological conditions but undergo behavioral changes - collectively referred to as 'reactivity' - in response to the disruption of neuronal homeostasis from insults, including glaucoma. However, much remains unknown about how reactivity alters disease progression - both beneficially and detrimentally - and whether these changes can be therapeutically modulated to improve outcomes. Historically, the heterogeneity of astrocyte behavior has been insufficiently addressed under both physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in a fragmented and often contradictory understanding of their contributions to health and disease. Thanks to increased focus in recent years, we now know this heterogeneity encompasses both intrinsic variation in physiological function and insult-specific changes that vary between pathologies. Although previous studies demonstrate astrocytic alterations in glaucoma, both in human disease and animal models, generally these findings do not conclusively link astrocytes to causative roles in neuroprotection or degeneration, rather than a subsequent response. Efforts to bolster our understanding by drawing on knowledge of brain astrocytes has been constrained by the primacy in the literature of findings from peri-synaptic 'gray matter' astrocytes, whereas much early degeneration in glaucoma occurs in axonal regions populated by fibrous 'white matter' astrocytes. However, by focusing on findings from astrocytes of the anterior visual pathway - those of the retina, unmyelinated optic nerve head, and myelinated optic nerve regions - we aim to highlight aspects of their behavior that may contribute to axonal vulnerability and glaucoma progression, including roles in mitochondrial turnover and energy provisioning. Furthermore, we posit that astrocytes of the retina, optic nerve head and myelinated optic nerve, although sharing developmental origins and linked by a network of gap junctions, may be best understood as distinct populations residing in markedly different niches with accompanying functional specializations. A closer investigation of their behavioral repertoires may elucidate not only their role in glaucoma, but also mechanisms to induce protective behaviors that can impede the progressive axonal damage and retinal ganglion cell death that drive vision loss in this devastating condition.

Toward microfluidic integration of respiratory and renal organ support in a single cartridge.

Extracorporeal organ assist devices provide lifesaving functions for acutely and chronically ill patients suffering from respiratory and renal failure, but their availability and use is severely limited by an extremely high level of operational complexity. While current hollow fiber-based devices provide high-efficiency blood gas transfer and waste removal in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hemodialysis, respectively, their impact on blood health is often highly deleterious and difficult to control. Further challenges are encountered when integrating multiple organ support functions, as is often required when ECMO and ultrafiltration (UF) are combined to deal with fluid overload in critically ill patients, necessitating an unwieldy circuit containing two separate cartridges. We report the first laboratory demonstration of simultaneous blood gas oxygenation and fluid removal in single microfluidic circuit, an achievement enabled by the microchannel-based blood flow configuration of the device. Porcine blood is flowed through a stack of two microfluidic layers, one with a non-porous, gas-permeable silicone membrane separating blood and oxygen chambers, and the other containing a porous dialysis membrane separating blood and filtrate compartments. High levels of oxygen transfer are measured across the oxygenator, while tunable rates of fluid removal, governed by the transmembrane pressure (TMP), are achieved across the UF layer. Key parameters including the blood flow rate, TMP and hematocrit are monitored and compared with computationally predicted performance metrics. These results represent a model demonstration of a potential future clinical therapy where respiratory support and fluid removal are both realized through a single monolithic cartridge.

Instructor Emotional Support, Academic Resiliency, and School Engagement in an Online Learning Setting during Covid-19 Pandemic

In recent years, numerous published scholarly works have examined the association between academic resilience and school engagement, as well as the function of emotional support in bolstering the relationship between the two. However, these investigations have only been undertaken at the elementary and secondary levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are only a few studies that were conducted in the context of Higher Education, especially in the Philippines. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between academic resilience (ARS) and school engagement (SE) via teacher-emotional support (TES). Using data from 910 students and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), it was unraveled that (1) ARS positively affects SE, (2) ARS leverages TES, (3) TES affects SE, and (4) TES partially mediated the association between students' ARS and SE. According to the findings, instructors' emotional support promotes college students' resilience and engagement. The study underlined the need of strengthening personal and contextual resources to support student well-being in an online class setting.

Profiling UK injectable aesthetic practitioners: A national cohort analysis

The United Kingdom (UK) injectables market has been growing rapidly with a lack of robust regulation and to date, no information regarding the profile of practitioners has been published. We aim to provide a descriptive and qualitative analysis of the advertised practitioners in the United Kingdom. We performed a systematic search using the internet search engine Google to perform a qualitative descriptive analysis of aesthetic practitioners in the UK. For each contiguous country in the UK: England, Scotland, and Wales, five searches were performed. The list of practitioners was then cross-referenced with professional regulatory bodies, with extraction of registration number, date of registration and presence or absence from the Specialist Register or General Practitioner Register. 3000 websites were visited and evaluated. 1224 independent clinics with 4405 practitioners were identified. 738 were identified as those in business support functions and the remaining 3667 practitioners were undertaking injectable practice. The profile of professions were doctors 32%, nurses 13%, dentists 24% and dental nurses 8%. Of the 1163 doctors identified 481 were on the specialist register (41%) and 219 were on the GP register (19%). 27 specialties were represented in this cohort analysis. Plastic Surgery formed the majority of those who were on the specialist register at 37%, followed by Dermatology at 18%. This paper is the first to describe the range of practitioners, their professional backgrounds and experience who perform non-surgical aesthetic interventions. The range of backgrounds may have an impact on the potential risks to patients and will be an important consideration in proposed legislation to introduce licensing to the industry.

Sufficient Solvability Conditions for the Problem of Pursuit under an Impulse Action

The article considers a linear differential pursuit game under the condition that an integral constraint is imposed on the evader’s control and the pursuer uses an impulse control. These impulse actions on the object are made at predetermined time points, and the corresponding control is represented using the Dirac delta function. The article studies linear conflicts described by a system of ordinary differential equations whose trajectories have jumps at certain times. The terminal set is represented by a cylinder in an n-dimensional Euclidean space. The problem is solved using the resolving function method. The fact that the lower bound is reached is proved using the theory of support functions. As a result, the quasi-strategy is replaced by an almost stroboscopic strategy and a method for building this strategy is presented. An example of a nonlinear right-hand side is given.

Exploring Functions and Predictors of Digital Health Engagement Among German Internet Users: Survey Study.

Digital health engagement may serve many support functions, such as providing access to information; checking or evaluating one's state of health; and tracking, monitoring, or sharing health data. Many digital health engagement behaviors are associated with the potential to reduce inequalities in information and communication. However, initial studies suggest that health inequalities may persist in the digital realm. This study aimed to explore the functions of digital health engagement by describing how frequently respective services are used for a range of purposes and how these purposes can be categorized from the users' perspective. This study also aimed to identify the prerequisites for successfully implementing and using digital health services; therefore, we shed light on the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that may predict digital health engagement for different functions. Data were gathered via computer-assisted telephone interviews during the second wave of the German adaption of the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2020 (N=2602). The weighted data set allowed for nationally representative estimates. Our analysis focused on internet users (n=2001). Engagement with digital health services was measured by their reported use for 19 different purposes. Descriptive statistics showed the frequency with which digital health services were used for these purposes. Using a principal component analysis, we identified the underlying functions of these purposes. Using binary logistic regression models, we analyzed which predisposing factors (age and sex), enabling factors (socioeconomic status, health- and information-related self-efficacy, and perceived target efficacy), and need factors (general health status and chronic health condition) can predict the use of the distinguished functions. Digital health engagement was most commonly linked to acquiring information and less frequently to more active or interactive purposes such as sharing health information with other patients or health professionals. Across all purposes, the principal component analysis identified 2 functions. Information-related empowerment comprised items on acquiring health information in various forms, critically assessing one's state of health, and preventing health problems. In total, 66.62% (1333/2001) of internet users engaged in this behavior. Health care-related organization and communication included items on patient-provider communication and organizing health care. It was applied by 52.67% (1054/2001) of internet users. Binary logistic regression models showed that the use of both functions was determined by predisposing factors (female and younger age) and certain enabling factors (higher socioeconomic status) and need factors (having a chronic condition). Although a large share of German internet users engage with digital health services, predictors show that existing health-related disparities prevail in the digital realm. To make use of the potential of digital health services, fostering digital health literacy at different levels, especially in vulnerable groups, is key.

A PV variability tolerant generic multifunctional control strategy for battery energy storage systems in solar PV plants

This paper proposes a multifunctional control strategy for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in solar photovoltaic (PV) plants to avoid the unacceptable PV-power ramp-rate caused by PV variability. In addition to the PV variability tolerant ramp-rate control, the proposed multifunctional BESS control strategy is capable of maintaining a user-specified charging profile to store excess PV power while providing backup power support and charge maintenance, by accommodating diverse control functions time to time. Four control functions, namely, Rest (RST), Surplus Energy Storage (STR), Back-up Power Support (SPT) and Charge Maintenance (CMT) functions, are proposed in this article. Besides, extendibility of the proposed multifunctional strategy is presented by adding two action strategies – one with the STR function and another with the SPT function. Validation of the proposed control strategy is conducted by using real historical data from a utility-scale solar PV plant located in Queensland, Australia. Numerical analyses show that the strategy can successfully keep the PV ramp-rate within specified limit along with the user specified charge profile. Further, exploiting the real-field data, the proposed strategy is demonstrated through a real-time co-simulation study conducted in a MATLAB interfaced RSCAD-RTDS platform that can be used as Digital Twin (DT) for the PV plant.

When and why is faculty mentorship effective for underrepresented students in STEM? A multicampus quasi-experiment.

Faculty mentorship can be one solution to addressing the participation and persistence gaps between underrepresented groups (URGs) and overrepresented group members in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying effective STEM faculty mentorship. The present study (a) investigates if faculty mentorship impacts STEM identity, attitudes, belonging, and self-efficacy; (b) compares students' perceptions of women versus men faculty mentorship support functions; and (c) uncovers the mentorship support mechanisms underlying impactful faculty mentorship. The present research sampled ethnic-racial minority URG undergraduate students pursuing STEM majors across eight institutions (N = 362; age = 24.85; 36.6% Latinx, 30.6% Black, and 4.6% multiracial; 60.1% women). The study's overall quasi-experimental design adopted a one-factor two-level (faculty mentorship status: yes, no) between-subjects design. Among the participants who reported having a faculty mentor, we also examined faculty mentor gender (women vs. men) as a between-subjects variable. Faculty mentorship had a positive impact on URG students' STEM identity, attitudes, belonging, and self-efficacy. Furthermore, mentorship support functions indirectly predicted identity, attitudes, belonging, and self-efficacy among URG mentees who had women compared to men faculty mentors. Implications for how STEM faculty, regardless of their gender identity, can be effective mentors to URG students are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Media religiosity as a strategy for resilience and overcoming crisis

The modern world is rapidly changing due to digitalisation and informatisation. Such transformations were forced through the COVID-19 pandemic and affected all spheres of life, including religion. Religion has increased its online presence, and the phenomenon of media religiosity has spread, which determines the relevance of this study. Considering the originality of the concept, the purpose of the study is to provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between media religiosity and personal coping strategies in the context of a crisis associated with pandemic restrictions. To achieve this purpose, the BASIC Ph psychological flexibility test and the questionnaire by N.S. Kostruba on the media religiosity of the individual were used. A theoretical overview and empirical study (online survey) of the possibilities of using media religiosity as a coping strategy for overcoming crisis states in personality are conducted. Empirical evidence revealed that media religious activity is associated with the psychological overcoming of difficult life circumstances and consists in relying on faith and values. The behaviour of people prone to media religiosity in stressful situations is determined by the ability to believe (in oneself, in their own strength, in God, in higher forces, in other people, etc.), to be guided by social support (or appeals for support to the family, relatives, professional circle, or providing assistance to others). It is proved that media religiosity retains a positive psychotherapeutic effect on the life of the individual in conditions of uncertainty and stress. It is also confirmed that even with the mediation of media technologies, religious practices perform the functions of social and emotional support, and provide psychological stability through the search for new meanings in events. The results obtained can become the basis for developing a model of psychological support for the population based on media religious practices and in psychotherapy (as homework or in online counselling).

Barriers to Third Mission: organizational and individual antecedents

The fulfillment of the University’s Third Mission has led the university to become a key actor for social and economic development in its regions of influence through a much closer linkage with the different agents in its environment. Thus, the literature has highlighted both the benefits derived from the Third University Mission, the difficulties inherent in the process and the existence of various barriers that can hinder its consolidation in the academic environment. Within the framework of these studies, it has been possible to identify three types of barriers to adopting the third mission: process, researcher, and ally or partner. It is worth mentioning that most of the research developed to date has focused on the study of the impact of the barriers on the development of the Third Mission but not on the analysis of the factors that can influence or attenuate the perception of these barriers. This is surprising if one considers that identifying these factors is relevant in designing strategies to promote the University’s Third Mission. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors that influence or attenuate the researcher’s perception of different types of barriers to developing Third Mission activities. The study was based on data from a survey applied to a sample of academics categorized in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia and linked to 6 higher education institutions in the Colombian Caribbean region. Binary logistic regression models were established to analyze the data obtained. The results obtained suggest that, in addition to the researcher's previous experience in the external sector, their perception of the existence of processes or support services provided by the university for the promotion of relationships with actors in the socioeconomic environment is important to mitigate the barriers perceived during the development of Third Mission activities, especially when these activities are located in the support for the management and execution of technology transfer activities. In particular, it was found that as the academic's perception of the policies and procedures, support activities, and the university's technology transfer capacity improves, the barriers of both the researcher and those associated with the process are dissipated. This implies that universities should advance in the institutionalization of the third mission and in strengthening the functions of promotion, advice and support, as well as promotion structures and thus be able to mitigate the perceived barriers to the development of the University’s Third Mission.

Outsourcing practice-based education: The role of industry representatives and implications for clinical expertise.

In an era of significant human and fiscal constraints, hospitals increasingly rely on industry representatives to fill gaps related to practice-based education. Given their dual sales and support functions, the extent to which education and support functions are, or ought to be, fulfilled by industry representatives is unclear. We conducted an interpretive qualitative study at a large, academic medical centre in Ontario, Canada, during 2021-2022, interviewing 36 participants across the organization with direct and varied experiences with industry-delivered education. We found that ongoing fiscal and human resource challenges prompted hospital leaders to outsource practice-based education to industry representatives, which created an expanded role for industry beyond initial product rollouts. Outsourcing, however, generated downstream costs to the organization and undermined the goals of practice-based education. To attract and retain clinicians, participants advocated for re-investment in practice-based education in-house, with a limited and supervised role for industry representatives.

A Study on Energy Management and Cooperative Control Considering LVRT in a Hybrid Microgrid

Recently, the establishment of technical standards for grid connection has gained interest in academia and industry. These standards have focused on the reactive power control function of the grid-connected inverter and maintenance of grid operation, and include detailed information about the grid support function. However, remote control communication and control devices for grid support functions, and other distributed sources, such as wind power and energy storage systems, other than inverters have not been addressed. In this paper, the control of the interlinking converter (ILC) in a hybrid microgrid considering low voltage ride-through (LVRT) among grid support functions is investigated. The proposed method consists of an energy management system considering LVRT and a cooperative control scheme. In the energy management system, an algorithm capable of mode selection was constructed by applying the LVRT curve. Then, considering the LVRT situation, the allowable reactive power range of the ILC was mathematically analyzed through the cooperative control of the energy storage device and the ILC. The proposed method enables us to perform active and reactive power control of the ILC in a hybrid distribution network, considering the power factor under various conditions. This functionality, such as supplying reactive power, significantly contributes to the enhanced grid resilience with distributed power sources, including renewable energy. The proposed strategies were verified through experiments after configuring an experimental set of distributed power sources.

The knee joint deformities in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Knee joints injury in rheumatoid arthritis patients appear in 70 % cases. This is the most common cause of loss of work capacity, the ability to self-care. Patients become severely disabled, in that the disease is accompanied by deformations with the development of discordant positions of the lower limbs, which lead to a partial or complete loss of the function of support and walking, so this problem needs to be studied. Objective. To make an analysis of orthopedic treatment of secondary arthrosis of knee joints in RA patients, complicated by deformities depending on the age and gender of the patient, stage, duration of the disease and activity of the inflammatory process. Methods. In this work we have analyzed the orthopedic treatment of 66 RA patients with secondary arthrosis with axial deformities, who underwent 75 total endoprosthetics between 2013 and 2020. Anamnestic data, clinical, biomechanical and statistical research methods were used. The obtained data were evaluated using the scale of Joseph J., Kaufman E. E. Results. The analysis of the results of knee joint replacement was followed in the period from 6 months to 5 years. The results were carried out according to the 100-point scale Joseph J., Kaufman E. E. (1990). Thus, the analysis of the results of total knee arthroplasty in patients with RA according to the scale of Joseph J., Kaufman E. E. showed that good results were obtained in 46 (79.31 %) patients, satisfactory results in 11 (18.97 %) and unsatisfactory results obtained in 1 (1.72 %) patients. The reliable relationship of the level of joint deformation with the level of disease activity and with the scale of Joseph J., Kaufman E. E. was researched. Other indicators are not reliably correlated with the level of joint deformation. As a result of pairwise comparisons of groups with each other using the Duncan test, a significant increase in the degree of joint deformation was found in the group with activity 3 compared to the group with activity 1. The use of basic or complex therapy does not reliably affect the degree of joint deformation. Conclusions. Total knee joint replacement need patients with II stage of the 2nd phase of the disease and higher. In our opinion, this is the most optimal time for surgical treatment, which allows patients with RA to fully use the possibilities of an implanted endoprosthesis.

Career development and the COVID-19 outbreak: protective functions of career-related teacher support

ABSTRACT It is well established that COVID-19 pandemic is associated with arousal of feelings of hopelessness and negativity in adolescents regarding future career development outcomes. However, the current literature has yet to clarify the roles teacher social support play in facilitating students’ positive career development during the pandemic. This study investigated the effects of career-related teacher support (CRTS) on ameliorating students’ feelings of hopelessness and increasing their career self-efficacy among 402 senior secondary students (Grades 10-12) in Hong Kong, China. Results from mediated moderation analyses showed that academic ability was only weakly related to career self-efficacy. Hopelessness was not a significant moderator concerning the link between academic ability and career self-efficacy when CRTS functioned as the mediator.

Dental balance in the arcs for the implants: a concise systematic review

The teeth together perform the functions of mastication, protection, and support of related soft tissues, help in the articulation of words, and are an important factor in the aesthetics of the face. The macro geometry of the implant provides influences on osseointegration. In this sense, the various isolated characteristics (thread type, thread pitch, thread depth, face angle) must be studied so that the implant geometry can balance the compressive stress and tensile stress and produce a minimum shear force. The present study aimed to carry out a concise systematic review of the main considerations of dental balance in the arches in implant dentistry. Thus, knowledge of the direction of the teeth is of great importance in clinical implant dentistry for the correct installation of implants, which are very important for maintaining the balance of forces exerted by masticatory muscles (masseter muscle, temporal muscle, medial pterygoid muscle). In addition to this, the evaluation of the amount and density of bone available in the patient's edentulous site. It was concluded that the optimized aesthetic positioning of the implant presents numerous factors for the good aesthetic performance of an implant-supported prosthesis. The main conditions of the soft tissues, the amount of bone, and the location and inclination of the placed implant can be cited as the main ones. The correct positioning of the implant is linked to the location and axial inclination of the implant, aiming to favor the emergence profile and aesthetic contours of the prosthesis. The ideal location for the implant would be the one assumed by the lost tooth root. Also, the location of the height of the cervical portion of this implant concerning the adjacent teeth is important for determining the prosthetic space available for making the restoration, as well as its emergence profile and the biological space of the surrounding soft tissues.

Text Input for Non-Stationary XR Workspaces: Investigating Tap and Word-Gesture Keyboards in Virtual and Augmented Reality.

This article compares two state-of-the-art text input techniques between non-stationary virtual reality (VR) and video see-through augmented reality (VST AR) use-cases as XR display condition. The developed contact-based mid-air virtual tap and wordgesture (swipe) keyboard provide established support functions for text correction, word suggestions, capitalization, and punctuation. A user evaluation with 64 participants revealed that XR displays and input techniques strongly affect text entry performance, while subjective measures are only influenced by the input techniques. We found significantly higher usability and user experience ratings for tap keyboards compared to swipe keyboards in both VR and VST AR. Task load was also lower for tap keyboards. In terms of performance, both input techniques were significantly faster in VR than in VST AR. Further, the tap keyboard was significantly faster than the swipe keyboard in VR. Participants showed a significant learning effect with only ten sentences typed per condition. Our results are consistent with previous work in VR and optical see-through (OST) AR, but additionally provide novel insights into usability and performance of the selected text input techniques for VST AR. The significant differences in subjective and objective measures emphasize the importance of specific evaluations for each possible combination of input techniques and XR displays to provide reusable, reliable, and high-quality text input solutions. With our work, we form a foundation for future research and XR workspaces. Our reference implementation is publicly available to encourage replicability and reuse in future XR workspaces.