Functioning Of Phraseological Units Research Articles

Men and Women in Marriage and Beyond: An Analysis of Phrase Usage in Media Texts

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the usage of phraseological units related to marriage in contemporary media texts. The material was extracted from the Russian National Corpus. The aim of the research is to identify the standard and new meanings and functions of phraseological units in this group in relation to the value orientations of contemporary Russian language speakers. The relevance of the study is determined by its linguistic-pragmatic and axiological orientation. The conducted analysis indicates that family continues to be a significant value for representatives of Russian linguistic culture. Society’s attitude towards the topic of marriage is traced within the framework of phraseological blocks, which depict (1) the position of men and women before entering into marriage, (2) within the marital union (this taxon is represented by the largest number of phraseological units), (3) outside of marriage. At the same time, expressions related to civil marriage also emerge in frequent positions. It is shown that euphemistic expressions for infidelity are more often associated with male actors. Media texts demonstrate the development of views on traditional roles of men and women, as well as the presence of non-traditional forms of marriage. Phraseology related to marriage is actively used metaphorically in relation to various spheres of societal life: politics, economy, sports, etc.

NOUN PHRASEOLOGISMS IN MEDIA HEADLINES: SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the implementation and functioning of phraseological units in the headlines of Ukrainian electronic media, where they show their power while simultaneously accumulating a broad generalized experience of generations, fill the emotional dominant, and also comprehensively reflect the actual content of the message. The purpose of the research was to identify and describe the lexical-grammatical features of phraseological units (FU), namely noun (substantive) phrases, which required the following tasks: to identify an array of media headlines with a phraseological component; to define noun FUs and find out their semantic content and structure. The object of the study was headlines with phraseological units in Ukrainian electronic editions of national and regional media, the subject was the lexical-grammatical specificity of noun phraseological units in the structure of the title. To achieve the goal, the work used a descriptive method, elements of component analysis (using which the semantic structure of the meaning of phraseological units was established); quantitative method, which made it possible to compare and generalize the obtained results. As a result of the research, it was found that the most frequent in newspaper headlines are nominal phraseological units of abstract semantics to denote the phenomena of the surrounding world; idioms that name a person are also actively used, namely, character traits, character traits of a person, since the main object of the message is a person, occasionally - FU to denote objects or things of the material world. Substantive FUs are most often represented by the combination of a stem noun with the following parts of speech: a possessive adjective, qualitative and relative adjectives and adverbs, numerals, a noun in the genitive case, a noun in the form of other indirect cases with prepositions. According to the structure, the studied noun phraseological units were mostly represented by two-component models, sometimes three-component, which meets the main requirements of mass media - to inform and influence the audience as succinctly and accurately as possible.

Динамічний розвиток української фразеології в умовах російсько-української війни

The article clarifies the reasons that became the impetus for the development of the latest Ukrainian vocabulary and phraseology, analyzes the scientific works of Ukrainian linguists on the relevant topic. The author conducts an excursion into the history of the development and functioning of phraseological units at various historical stages, finds out the sources of replenishment of the phraseological fund. Scientific intelligence provides an analysis of neolexics, the appearance of which is due to the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war: names that name enemies are indicated; the corpus of appeals regarding Ukrainian military personnel is outlined; Neolexems were analyzed according to the method of word formation; military vocabulary (colloquial, jargon) was developed by thematic groups. The neo-phraseology that functions in the modern Ukrainian cultural environment is also analyzed: the instability of the terminological apparatus in relation to the latest phraseology is clarified; features that are characteristic of neo-phraseologisms are determined; groups of phraseological units are outlined according to the group by origin; a specific example demonstrates the phraseologisation of the statement; the function of using obscene vocabulary as a component of phraseology and the naturalness of this phenomenon in the conditions of the war period are clarified.

Заимствования в составе фразеологических единиц островных российско-немецких говоров

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the formation and functioning of phraseological units containing borrowings from the Russian language in the dialects of the Russian Germans. The article analyses the use of direct borrowings as a part of phraseological units and also reveals the mechanism of calquing, in which the structure and semantics of the corresponding Russian phraseological units are conveyed by means of the German dialect. The scientific novelty lies in describing the features of phraseological units containing borrowings in their composition in insular Russian-German dialects. As a result, it has been proved that the most typical is the use of direct borrowings as separate components of phraseological units; borrowings can act as a basic element of a phraseological unit or a secondary element that clarifies the meaning of an idiom.

Cultural and historical conditions of modifications in Russian phraseological units with letter names

The article discusses causes, ways, and results of modifying Russian phraseological units with a letter-name component, which play a significant role in all written linguistic cultures. The relevance of the theme is proven by the sustained attention of linguists to the origin and functioning of phraseological units, the objective to comprehend the underlying processes of interacting between extralinguistic reality, including culture, and language structures, and by the social demand - the rise of interest of native Russian speakers in the national essence and history of the alphabet. The study aims at identifying causes for modification of Russian phraseological units with letter-name components, demonstrating the central role of cultural and historical factor in the modification process, analyzing modification ways and results. The material of the study includes dictionaries and text corpora, along with the authors’ own collection of examples from spontaneous speech in Russian films and digital media. Descriptive and historical-etymological methods, contextual, semantic and structural analysis, and the method of double application were used in the research. The paper argues that the main historical and cultural causes of modifications of phraseological units in question include spelling reforms, progressive methods of teaching reading and writing, language contacts of Russian speakers with people using other writing systems, changes in cultural and ideological priorities, influential works of art. The main way of modification - lexical change of the old letter name to the contemporary one - concedes to more creative ways not only in the sphere of occasional creation of phraseological units, as before, but also in common usage. As a result of this modification, former international models of phraseological units develop national features.

Phraseology in the Legal English Discourse

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of phraseological units in legal discourse. Phraseological units are an important part of many legal texts, for example, court decisions. English phraseological units in legal discourse play a very important role: they denote legal concepts, carry information of a cultural and legal nature, have a significant impact on the recipient of information. The study of phraseological units in this area contributes to a deeper understanding of representatives of different cultures and speakers of different languages. Phraseological units are language intermediaries between representatives of different cultures. The research material includes phraseological units selected from the English-speaking corpus. The language of legal discourse is peculiar, and the use of phraseological units in it is determined not only by linguistic, but also by extralinguistic factors. Depending on the type of the text and its stylistic coloring , phraseological units will perform different functions and carry different meanings.

Analysis of phraseological units functioning in Mark Twen’s novel “The adventures of Tom Sawyer”

The article deals with the concept and classification of phraseological units, transformations application while phraseological units creating, functions of phraseological units in the fiction text, role of author’s phraseology. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use and creation of phraseological units in Mark Twain’s novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, their structure; substantiate the transformations of phraseological units that were used in the novel, their role in the work. Having analyzed the phraseologisms of the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, the authors studied about 400 phraseological fusions, phraseological unities, phraseological combinations, including authorial ones, phrasal verbs, and also phraseological units that are formed by means of transformations: compression or decompression, replacement and others. The authors state that in most cases phraseological units are used in the evaluative and emotional-expressive functions, function of creating humour and satire, functions of portrait characterization and linguistic characteristics of the character, function of the plot basis and less often synonymous amplification or injection of features. It must be noted that in order to have a more complete and in-depth picture of phraseological units of the novel application and functioning it is necessary to carry out the comparative analysis of different translations of the novel into Ukrainian and study the ways phraseological units rendering into Ukrainian.

Pragmatic functions of modern english phraseology

Phraseological units – there is one of the most controversial problems in modern phraseology. This article presents the results of studying the main pragmatic functions of phraseological units in modern English. The relevance of the research lies in the urgent need to differentiate regular pragmatic functions in English phraseology. The aim of the work is to analyze the functions of phraseological units based on the British National Corpus (BNC) and assess their quantitative ratios. The theoretical basis of the research is the phraseological concept of A.V. Kunin.

SEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES OF POLITICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

The article is devoted to the analysis of an urgent problem of modern phraseology – functioning of phraseological units in political discourse. The purpose of the article is to describe the main tasks of a semiological study of the pragmatic properties of phraseological units in the space of political communication. The use of the semiological approach to the analysis of the role of phraseological units in achieving a certain communicative purpose involves the analysis of the virtual and urgent meanings of a language unit in their inseparable connection and the analysis of the process of actualization of the virtual meaning in speech. The research material includes political phraseological units that are genetically related to political discourse and nominate political realities. The semantic features of these language units allow them to act as an effective verbal means of creating a pragmatic effect. Semiological analysis of political phraseological units helps to identify the degree of their pragmatic charge (the semantically determined ability of a language unit to participate in achieving a communicative effect) and pragmatic capacity (the ability to realize the set of pragmatic potential of a language unit in a particular context), and allows to describe the necessary conditions (type of context) for the actualization of certain pragmatic meanings. The article contains the results of a semiological analysis of the implementation of the pragmatic properties of such political phraseological units as pragmatically charged, pragmatically neutral political phraseological units and the phraseological units that have undergone structural and semantic modification in political discourse.

Використання фразеологічних зворотів у коронавірусних статтях на основі англомовної преси

The article deals with functioning of phraseological units in the mass media observing articles about coronavirus, as well as the peculiarities of the translation of the phraseological units into Ukrainian. It is well-known that mass media is a center of spreading and informing the news all over the world about urgent issues, changes, deterioration or improvement of the situation regarding COVID-19. Language, which is very susceptible to the world changes, immediately responds to changes in the society, and reflects current events, fixing them at the lexical level. Particular attention should be paid to the phraseological level. This is due to the fact that phraseological units accumulate specific information about everyday life and imaginable situations, objects, and relationships, and therefore become an excellent tool for conceptualizing reality. This performs the function of symbolic replacement not only of the object of the figurative nomination itself, but also of the speaker’s attitude to it. The Coronavirus discourse determines this choice by pragma-linguistic task facing the subject of the speech ‒ the need to adapt to pandemic, which means to simulate typical situations and to form a corresponding linguistic paremic space. In journalism there are a lot of methods that attract the attention of their readers. Phraseological units add interest and uniqueness to each story in news articles, thereby adapting it for readers. Phraseological units make it easier to perceive new, complex, and possibly terrifying information in articles that cover the topic of COVID-19. That’s the reason why phraseological units are quite common in the mass media. In this research, the classification for periodicals was analyzed. According to Konovets, classification was based on their pragmatic functions in journalistic texts and their degree of idiomatic sense and divided into functional and figurative phraseological units. A number of advantages of using phraseology explains their frequent use in the modern periodicals. But journalistic text as a platform for phraseology is quite an unexplored domain and few scientific works testify this fact. In the course of translating phraseological units, the translator must take into consideration that the most significant existing task is to convey the meaning and idea of the source language. On the basis of coronavirus articles, it became obvious how important it is for the translator to understand what kind of phraseological units need to be interpreted in the target language. If possible, the interpreter conveys all the important components of the phraseological unit. A skilled interpreter, throughout the translation process, uses several types of translation. The type of translation affects the meaning and emphasizes the differences between two languages.

Peculiarities of the Phraseological Content of Perm Old Believer Dialects

The article devoted to the underinvestigated problem of folk religious speech is addressed to the peculiarities of set expressions and word-combinations, their thematic stratification, figurativeness and symbolism recorded in the verbal communication of Old Believers of Perm Krai. Phraseological nominations of different forms of Old Believer ritual practice (names of prayer modes, kinds of religious texts, holidays, naming of attributes of religious ritualism, ritual clothes, etiquette formulae of food and behavioural prohibitions) are investigated. The aim of the description of the Old Believer phraseology is discovering its connection with categories and attributes of old Belief, its modern state characteristics. It has been stated that the significant part of Old Belief phraseology is imparted by the existential semantics and reflects dominating of the religious basis in everyday life typical of Old Believer culture. With the help of phraseological facts there have been noted specific features of sacral (wedding and funeral) tradition of Old Believer consents. The conclusion is drawn that the phraseological layer in question in content and ways of expression differs from the set component nominations of folk Orthodoxy. It has fixed phraseological units that discover the main faith dogmata (God, sin, salvation) and formulate ideological convictions of its followers. Phraseological units of Old Believer dialects can be considered to be the means of identification of a confessional group, as a source of knowledge about the clergy experience of tradition bearers and about the peculiarities of way of life of Old Believers. It has been stated that the functioning of phraseological units is characterized by the variety that is mainly determined by the oral being of this form of culture, by the presence of different Old Believer dissents in Perm Krai. The modern state of folk Old Believer phraseology is explained by the fact that many consents don’t have any worked out dogmatics and a rigid canonical form, it indicates gradual abolishing of tradition.

Phraseology in M. A. Sholokhov’s Fiction Prose

The article discusses the functioning of phraseological units in the language of M. A. Sholokhov’s prose and their role in creating a linguistic picture of the world. The research objectives were to describe various types of phraseological units, to show the methods of introducing them into the literary text and to identify approaches used by the writer to create new phraseological units. To this end, the methods of structural-semantic, component and comparative analysis were used, along with statistical description and contextual analysis. It is concluded that phraseological units, being figuratively emotionally expressive signs of the language, reveal the figurative and artistic world of the writer. The idiostyle of M. A. Sholokhov is largely determined by the widespread use of dialect phraseology and the creation of phraseologisms – structural and semantic modifications of linguistic units and the writer’s idioms.

Фразеологизмы признака-номинан-ты эмоционального отрицательного состояния лица с присоединением второго смысла – психического отрицательного состояния

Phraseological units of a sign as differentiating semantics signs are able to realize the semantics of a state of varying emotionality degrees. We describe such stable phrases. A person’s assessment of objects, events that cause emotions, as well as the experiences perception, a qualitative assessment of the situation is not only in their nomination, but this assessment also implements a multi-layer semantic volume. There is no doubt that any emotion is evaluative in nature, intellectual processes, social status and origin, age, etc influence on emotional processes of the subject. The content of these phraseological signs demonstrates the actualization of the negative and positive characteristics of the state of a person. The material of the author's file has shown that phraseological feature signs are necessary means of conveying an emotional state, since the expression of an assessment differentiating reality is the strongest nomination in a feature; we analyze the features of the semantics formation in the process of complication and complexity of emotional characteristics, since emotions differentiate and form various types, which differ in some of their development features and patterns. We describe the content and functioning of phraseological units in texts of different genres.

Functions of Phraseological Units in Detective Prose of B. Akunin

The author considers the problem of stylistic functions of linguistic units in modern Russian prose works through analyzing phraseological units in the detectives of B. Akunin. The article presents the most frequent types of phraseological units (idioms, set phrases, proverbs, sayings, popular expressions and other types of clichéd utterances) as representation of a personal literary style of this author. The research results point to their stylistic variety with high literary, colloquial, low colloquial, and slang units among them. The major types of phraseological unit conversion are distinguished as a prove of the writer's personal style, including, complete deformation of a component composition of a set phrase, reduction of the lexical length of phraseological units (implication), distribution of any component composition of the unit (explication), combining two or more phraseological units into a single set expression (contamination), replacement of a component in the composition of phraseological units with words of general literary layers (lexical variation), etc. The stylistic functions of all phraseological units under study are interpreted as retro-representation of the language of a certain time period, stylistic imitation of the communicative tone of oral speech, verbal characteristics of the characters who are referred to various social groups, and creation of humorous tone of the story. A comprehensive description of phraseological units used in modern fiction has revealed their artistic and stylistic potential.

Toponym as a Part of Phraseological Units: Semantic Aspect (Based On the German, English and Russian Languages)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the internal form and functioning of phraseological units with the toponymic component in the German, English and Russian languages. The relevance of the study is due to the focus of modern linguistic research on the study of the cultural factor in the language. Toponym as a component of a phraseological unit is one of the universals of culture and performs the function of storing and transmitting traditions, history, and culture of a people, that is why it is a special linguistic sign. The problem of the national-cultural component of the toponym meaning helps to reveal the peculiarities of the phraseological world-image of the ethnic groups of the analyzed languages. The scientific novelty of the work is that it studies the culture-bound features of phraseological units with the toponymic component from the standpoint of the linguocultural approach to the study of collocations. This approach allows to reveal the historical and cultural nature of the toponymic component and to identify the peculiarities of the formation of these units, which contain culturally significant information. In addition, in this paper, based on the classification proposed by V. P. Zhukov, the studied phraseological units are divided into subgroups according to their motivation.The theoretical significance of the work is in a detailed study of phraseological units with the toponymic component, which contributes to the further development of onomastic phraseology. The practical significance of the work is determined by the opportunity to use the materials of this study in lectures and seminars on lexicology, linguoculturology, intercultural communication.

The Functioning of Phraseological Units in Modern Slovene and Russian Journalistic Discourse

 In this article, the functioning of phraseological units in Slovenian daily newspapers Delo, Dnevnik and in Russian daily newspapers Izvestiya and Moskovskij Komsomolets are analysed. The objects of study are phraseological items from text published in these newspapers from July 2018 to March 2019. The analysis includes the frequency of use of phraseological units in these newspapers, its dependence on the theme and genre of the text, structural and semantic features of these phraseological units and the most frequently used types of transformations. In addition, the analysis helped to select some concepts represented by phraseological units. Among them are the concepts of “success”, “failure”, “time” and “space”. Identified similarities and differences in the functioning of phraseological units show the cultural and social peculiarities of Slovenes and Russians. Among the similarities in the texts are a high frequency of phraseological units about world politics and a low frequency of such units about economics. There are also equivalent phraseological units that Slovenian and Russian journalists use in their texts. A peculiarity of Russian journalistic discourse is the wide use of transformed phraseological units and proverbs. In contrast to Russians, Slovenian authors use catchphrases, proverbs and aphorisms less frequently. Among the features of the Slovene press are the repetition of the same units and the small number of phraseological units in the texts about culture.

Функционирование фразеологических единиц в контексте русскоязычной публицистики

Функционирование фразеологических единиц в контексте русскоязычной публицистики

La fraseología del francés jurídico en la argumentación de sentencias

This article examines the use and functioning of phraseological units in the language of law, and more specifically, in the discourse used to formulate arguments and to explain reasoning in court decisions. To do so, after a brief introduction to justify the importance of this subject at the academic level, we present the taxonomy of the phraseological units followed in the article, as well as the peculiarities of the different legal genres. A second part deals with the phraseology units that structure the court decision and conform their textual superstructure. Finally, the third part tries to relate the conceptual organization and the orientation of the argumentative intention through the methodology of the legal syllogism.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF UKRAINIAN DIALECTAL PHRASEOGRAPHY OF THE 21st CENTURY

The article provides a review of Ukrainian dialectal phraseological dictionaries of the 21st century that represent three dialects from the Ukrainian dialectal continuum, the best dictionaries being selected among them. Basic principles and rules of dictionary compilation are also examined. Special attention is paid to the importance of fixing and describing dialectal fixed combinations collected from different territories of Ukraine that show the richness and diversity of Ukrainian phraseology, the spatial prevalence of linguistic units, and variations of component-dialectisms. Keywords dialectal phraseography, dialectal phraseological dictionary, phraseological unit, functioning of phraseological units.

Problem frazeologizmów w przekładzie literackim francusko-polskim (na wybranych przykładach)

The aim of this article is to present a part of the research results regarding the functioning of phraseological units (i.e. their canonical and innovative forms) in the Polish texts of contemporary prose translated from French. Consequently, there has been created a classification covering various types of relations occurring in given contexts between Polish phraseological units used by translators and the source texts. The practice shows that a translator decides from time to time to interpose a phraseological unit in a given context of the final text, even if there is no any kind of fixed expression in the original. Therefore, it is worth trying to find an answer to a question about translation decisions in this matter.