Functions Of Green Infrastructure Research Articles

Exploration of the Technologies Application Experience of Landscape-Scale Green Infrastructure by the Conservation Fund

As the earliest discussed concept of Green Infrastructure (GI), Landscape-scale GI, in the form of an ecological network capable of balancing development and conservation, has received widespread attention. Its multifunctionality is one of the important features. However, the lack of information and funding, weakness of management authority and technical support make the practice of Landscape-scale GI challenging. Compared to GI adapted in stormwater management, which has comprehensive guidance from theory to practical technologies by officials during its introduction and promotion in other countries, Landscape-scale GI, despite a rich theoretical research foundation, is often overlooked due to insufficient summary research on practical techniques. To address this gap, this study uses mixed methods research to comprehensively analyze 27 Landscape-scale GI practical projects led by the Conservation Fund over the past 20 years to explore patterns in their technical applications. Through qualitative analysis, we standardized and classified descriptive information for these 27 projects and, combined with statistical analysis, clarified the practice development trends committed to balancing development and conservation. The quantitative analysis concentrated on the corresponding relationships between technical applications and project objectives, and GI functions. Based on this, the study categorized the technologies used, summarizing core technologies applicable to most Landscape-scale GI practices, providing some support for the promotion of Landscape-scale GI.

Reclassification of Green Infrastructure Types and Functions: Focused on Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Background and objective: Globally, the sustainability of urban areas is being compromised due to indiscriminate urban development, making the creation and management of green spaces increasingly critical. Green spaces play a pivotal role in connecting degraded natural ecosystems, and the concept of Green Infrastructure is gaining prominence as a strategy for managing green networks. A Green Infrastructure (GI) is a network of interconnected green spaces that provide benefits to humans through their utilization and management, fulfilling environmental, social, and economic functions. However, in most urban areas, green spaces lack connectivity between each other and are not managed in an integrated manner. Additionally, the types and functions of green spaces defined by policies and regulations vary, making it challenging to implement GI. Therefore, this study aims to examine and reclassify precursor indicators in order to effectively apply GI to urban strategies. It seeks to discuss management approaches based on GI, with the aim of facilitating its implementation.Methods: The city of Liverpool in the UK has presented a multifunctionality strategy for GI, which has been utilized as a global exemplary case. This study adopts the multifunctionality GI strategy proposed by the city of Liverpool, and reclassifies the types and functions of GI. It selects indicators through Focus Group Interviews(FGI) with GI experts and field surveys. The selected indicators of GI were utilized in a survey for evaluation of multifunctionality. The quantitative data collected through the survey were mapped using overlay techniques, in which led to the deriving a multifunctionality map of GI. In the process of mapping, weights derived from Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis were applied to enhance the reliability of the quantitative data from the survey.Results: In this study, suitable indicators for GI in the study area were selected, and the functionality of each land cover (LC) type was evaluated. As a result, the study area was found to provide multifunctionality within a single land parcel. The highest-scoring LC type is Woodland, and the predominant functional category is Human-Wildlife Coexistence. The lowest-scoring LC type is Cemetery, with the least represented functional category being Timber Production.Conclusion: GI fulfills multiple functions that provide a range of benefits to humans (multifunctionality). To maximize such multifunctionality, it is crucial to manage scores for each functional category according to LC type. GI is not solely focused on specific functions, but also requires strategies to enhance functionalities lacking in LC types with low multifunctionality scores. The GI indicators proposed in this study and the GI multifunctionality assessment can serve as essential data for review when local authorities are formulating spatial plans related to urban areas, green spaces, forests, and other relevant areas.

Geoecological Functions of Green Infrastructure in the Largest Cities of Russia

Geoecological Functions of Green Infrastructure in the Largest Cities of Russia

A Comprehensive Review of Different Types of Green Infrastructure to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Functions, and Benefits

Climate change and rapid urbanization increase/amplify urban heat islands (UHIs). Green infrastructure (GI) is an effective and popularly strategy used to moderate UHIs. This paper aims to better understand the progress of different GI types (urban parks, urban forests, street trees, green roofs, green walls) in mitigating UHIs, and what benefits they provide. Firstly, this paper used CiteSpace to analyze 1243 publications on the Web of Science from 1990 to 2021, then analyzed the function/regulation of ecosystem services/benefits and values of GI types in reducing UHIs. The historical review results show that research on all GI types showed rapid growth since 2013, and their GR increased rapidly. The highest-ranking keywords were urban heat island/heat island, climate/climate change/microclimate, and temperature/land surface temperature/air temperature. “Design,” “vegetation,” “quality,” and “reduction” are the top four strongest keyword bursts. The most published countries are the People’s Republic of China, USA, Australia, Germany, and Italy, and the top three institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Arizona State University, and the National University of Singapore. Landscape and Urban Planning, Building and Environment, Energy and Building, and Urban Forestry and Urban Greening are the most published journals. In urban areas, different GI types as a form of ecosystem hardware provide multiple functions (reduced land surface temperatures, lower building energy usage, improved thermal comfort and enhanced human health, reduced morbidity and mortality, etc.). GI thus provides a regulated ecosystem service to ameliorate UHIs primarily through temperature regulation and shade. At the same time, GI provides benefits and values (ecological, economic, social, and cultural) to humans and urban sustainable development. GI types determine the functions they provide, afford corresponding regulated ecosystem services, and provide benefits and values in a logical/recycle system. Overall, this review highlights the development and importance of GI, as well as the relationship of GI types and functions of regulating the ecosystem service benefits and values to mitigate UHI, and advances the study of climate change adaptation in cities.

Community Public Open Space Planning Based on Green Infrastructure with the Priority of Biodiversity

Maintaining and restoring urban biodiversity is one of the basic functions of green infrastructure. Starting from the ecological problems of community public open space and the insufficiency of traditional planning methods, the biodiversity of green infrastructure attempts to be integrated into public open space planning in community-scale. After discussing the research on the combination of community public open space and green infrastructure based on biodiversity, ‘the interconnections between green infrastructures’ is the key to achieving both benefits at the same time. Finally, taking Nanjing Xinjiekou Street in China as an example, the renewal planning method of community public open space on the priority of biodiversity is elaborated and corresponding suggestions are put forward. In a word, the reasonable planning and layout of community green infrastructure based on biodiversity can make up for the disadvantages of traditional planning and renewal methods of public open space to a certain extent, solve the ecological and social problems of public open space, and realize the symbiosis of people and nature in community.

The role of impact assessment in the development of urban green infrastructure: a review of EIA and SEA practices in Thailand

ABSTRACT Impact assessment (IA) processes can potentially play important roles in driving green infrastructure (GI) planning and design, as well as establishing how GI can contribute to environmental planning objectives. In this paper, we explore how IA (strategic environmental assessment – SEA and environmental impact assessment – EIA) can support the development of GI in Thailand. A framework is designed which is used to reflect on how IA addresses and integrates GI in development at strategic and project levels. Based on a review of 18 EIAs and 4 SEAs from Thailand, it is established that whilst the consideration of GI in SEA (which is not yet compulsory in Thailand) has remained limited, consideration of green spaces for mitigating negative impacts in statutory EIA has been happening frequently. An important reason for this is that regulatory requirements imply that EIA should consider GI (referred to as ‘green spaces’). An important recommendation arising is that GI functions should be addressed in IAs, on the one hand to integrate different policies related to GI; and on the other hand to strengthen implementation of urban GI development.

미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획요소 도출† - 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 -

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as ‘particulate matter reduction plan’ and ‘green infrastructure planning elements’. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were ‘Green New Deal’ and ‘Vacant land’. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

Identifying the Planning Priorities for Green Infrastructure within Urban Environments Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Urban environmental issues such as declining air quality and increasing urban heat island effects can be managed by the effective use of urban green spaces. Consequently, the importance of green infrastructure (GI) has rapidly increased over time. While the various functions of GI have been investigated in numerous studies, limited research has focused on prioritizing those factors which impact the planning and development of GI. This study used literature reviews, expert surveys, and an analytic hierarchy process methodology to identify and prioritize the critical factors influencing GI during the design and construction process to enhance the role of GI in urban areas. Experts were asked to prioritize four primary (ecological, landscape, usability, and economic factors) and 16 secondary aspects of GI design. Respondents strongly agreed on the importance of the ecological aspects of GI, while the government sector also highlighted the importance of economic concerns, such as ongoing maintenance. Results indicated that the priorities for creating GI require further analysis and mediation between stakeholders. Further empirical evidence should be accumulated regarding the functions of GI for policy implementation in design and construction.

Residents’ perceptions of green infrastructure in the contemporary residential context: a study of Kingswood, Kingston-upon-Hull, England

Recent developments in the conceptualisation of green infrastructure have used ecosystems services as a framework to understand its multi-functionality. A number of studies explore green infrastructure functions and services, both outside and within the field of planning and design, primarily from the perspective of professionals. The research reported here uses an ‘on-site’ and ‘sharp-narrative’ qualitative approach in a typical urban extension in Kingston upon Hull, England, to gain further insight into how residents perceive green infrastructure and which aspects of it they value. The findings indicate that they understand green infrastructure experientially rather than functionally, predominantly appreciating its cultural services. The article addresses a gap in our understanding of residents’ perceptions of green infrastructure and its benefits within contemporary, master planned, speculative housing development. This knowledge is important at a time of rapid urban development to inform the successful planning and design of green infrastructure in new residential neighbourhoods.

An Integrated Indicator Framework for the Assessment of Multifunctional Green Infrastructure—Exemplified in a European City

The aim of this study is to provide an integrated indicator framework for the Assessment of Multifunctional Green Infrastructure (AMGI) to advance the evolution of the Green Infrastructure (GI) concept, and simultaneously deliver an approach do conduct a GI assessment using remote sensing datasets at multiple spatial and spectral scales. Based on this framework, we propose an explicit methodology for AMGI, while addressing the multi-dimensional pillars (ecology, socio-economy, socio-culture, and human health) for urban sustainability and the multifunctionality of GI. For the purpose of validation, we present the extensive process of employing our framework and methodology, and give an illustrative case exemplified in a European city, i.e., Leipzig, Germany. In this exemplification, we deployed three stages regarding how a single assessment can be conducted: from conceptual framework for priority setting, contextual assessment, to retrospective assessment. In this illustrative case study, we enclosed 18 indicators, as well as identified hot and cold spots of selected GI functions and their multifunctionality. A clear framework and methodology is crucial for the sustainable management of spatially oriented GI plans over time and for different stakeholder groups. Therefore, GI planners and policy makers may now refer to our integrative indicator framework and provided application methodology as common grounds for a better mutual understanding amongst scientists and stakeholders. This study contributes to discourses regarding the enhancement of the GI concept and is expected to provoke more discussion on the improvements of high-quality Remote Sensing (RS) data as well as the development of remote sensing-based methods at multiple spatial, temporal, and spectral scales to support GI plans.

Urban Green Infrastructure for Shrinking City: Case Study - City of Osijek

Urban planning of contemporary city is challenged to ensure a quality environment, inclusive green infrastructure towards sustainable urban development. Recent studies of urban green infrastructure consider green areas in cities in the context of different cultures, different social and economic circumstances, as well as diverse urban trends. Changes of the green urban infrastructure in Eastern European cities have been endangered by construction abuse but also by changes caused by urban shrinking or urban sprawl. The aim of the paper was to provide a framework that enables creating a data base of urban green infrastructure regarding its functions for the shrinking city. The framework was created for several urban levels starting from the whole city area, urban district, urban neighbourhood and the green element. Three objectives were set in the paper: a) to review the existing classifications, typologies and functions of green infrastructure b) to provide a proposal for an analytical framework for multilevel classification of urban green infrastructure and c) to analyse green infrastructure of the city of Osijek, eastern Croatia, according to city plans and documents. For the Osijek case study, the population density, the share of green infrastructure was presented for the whole area of the city and at the level of the city districts. The most populated and the least populated district were further examined according to the neighbourhood morphology and green functions. Lack of the classification of urban green infrastructure for the neighbourhood level was elaborated and a framework was proposed.

基于GISP模型的城市绿色基础设施多功能性评估

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于GISP模型的城市绿色基础设施多功能性评估 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201805151067 作者: 作者单位: 安徽建筑大学 建筑与规划学院,安徽建筑大学 建筑与规划学院,安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 2018年度安徽省教育厅高校自然科学重点项目（KJ2018A0504）；2017年安徽省教育厅高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目（gxyqZD2017061） Analysis of multifunctional urban green infrastructure using a GISP model Author: Affiliation: School of Architecture Planning,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei, China,School of Architecture Planning,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei, China, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:绿色基础设施建设是加强城市生态弹性力的重要手段之一。绿色基础设施多功能性是实现城市生态系统服务功能综合效益最大化的前提，这一点已被众多学者认可。构建绿色基础设施规划（GISP，Green Infrastructure Spatial Planning）模型，基于绿色基础设施的雨洪管理、绿色空间可达性、净化空气、缓解热岛效应、景观连通性五大功能指标，开展城市绿色基础设施多功能性评估，明确合肥市绿色基础设施的高需求地区，探讨绿色基础设施不同功能之间的权衡和协同关系。结果表明：合肥市东北部对于绿色基础设施缓解城市热岛效应、净化空气的需求最强烈，城市一环区域对于绿色基础设施的雨洪管理需求最为强烈，城市东部、南部对于绿色基础设施的绿色空间可达性需求显著；总体而言，绿色基础设施选址的热点区域为城市一环内及东北区域；绿色基础设施的雨洪管理、缓解城市热岛和净化空气间存在着协同关系，与景观连通性之间存在着权衡关系；运用GISP模型评估合肥生态空间体系控制规划以及合肥市域空间绿道网络系统建设总体规划，规划中绿地选址不在绿色基础设施的高需求区域，也没有在战略上整合绿地多功能的生态系统服务、获得更大的生态弹性力。 Abstract:Green infrastructure construction is one of the most important means to strengthen the urban ecological resilience. The versatility of green infrastructure is a prerequisite for maximizing the overall benefits of urban ecosystem services, which has been recognized by many scholars. We have constructed a green infrastructure planning (GISP) model that includes functional indicators such as rain-flood management, green space accessibility, air purification, heat island mitigation, and landscape connectivity. It is used to conduct an assessment of the versatility of urban green infrastructure, identify high-demand areas for green infrastructure in Hefei, and explore trade-offs and synergies between different functions of green infrastructure. The results show that the northeastern part of Hefei City has the strongest demand for green infrastructure to alleviate urban heat island effect and clean air. The urban one-ring area has the strongest demand for rain-flood management of green infrastructure. The eastern and southern parts of the city have significant demand for green space accessibility. In general, the hotspots for green infrastructure site selection are within the urban area and the northeast region. There is a synergy between the rain-flood management, the alleviation of urban heat islands and the purification of air, and there is a trade-off between these three functions and the landscape connectivity. The GISP model is used to evaluate the Hefei ecological space system control plan and the Hefei spatial greenway network system construction general plan. The planned green space site selection is not in the high demand area of green infrastructure, and there is no strategic integration of green space multi-functional ecosystem services. Thereby obtaining greater ecological resilience. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Morphological analysis of green infrastructure in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea

The purpose of this study is to understand changes in green infrastructure (GI) in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea, focusing on the critical GI components of hubs and links. We applied a morphological analysis tool, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), to explore GI in the Seoul metropolitan area. For input data to run MSPA, we used 30-m pixel-sized land cover data of 2000 and 2009 provided by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. Land cover data are used as foundational information for GI network mapping. Using MSPA, we examined morphological changes in hubs and links from 2000 to 2009 in the metropolitan area as well as in 32 municipalities in Gyeonggi-do, a major part of the metropolitan area. Our analysis showed that the area of hubs in the Seoul metropolis has decreased, while the number of links has dramatically increased, over this 10-year period. This implies that hubs have largely been fragmented into smaller ones with a rapid increase in links in a way that does not conserve and enhance GI. We also compared analysis of network area changes in the Seoul metropolitan area with the environmental conservation value assessment map (ECVAM) currently in use by the government to assess conservation value, and found that the network areas of 2009 mapped by MSPA corresponded to a 87.8 % level to the Grade I areas of the ECVAM, with variation by municipality. From these analyses, we conclude that MSPA is helpful in establishing conservation planning strategies optimized for local and regional contexts. The MSPA also provides a useful tool to complement the ECVAM for improving GI functions.

リバプール市におけるグリーンインフラストラクチャーを実現する枠組みと手法

This study clarified the framework of planning system and concrete policies to implement green infrastructure (GI) in Liverpool city, United Kingdom. As a result, it is uncertain to realize strategic distribution of GI and partnership building for GI implementation, because the present planning system has no legislative measure to planning GI crossing over local government’s boundary. Even as for the local government’s level, it becomes the subject of concern how GI is protected and enhanced in the new Local Plan under development. On the other hand, the GI policies were characterized by not only the method to integrating GI provision to general development activities, but also to specify the GI functions in detail by spatial area of the city with the evidence base. However to make GI implementation more feasible it will be a subject to evaluate economic value of GI that the developer can get through protecting and enhancing GI in their development project.

Using expert knowledge in combining green infrastructure and ecosystem services in land use planning: an insight into a new place-based methodology

Green infrastructure (GI) is a strategic planning instrument to achieve sustainable development. The main functions of GI are to protect biodiversity and safeguard and enhance the provision of ecosystem services (ES). In this paper we present the development of a semi-quantitative place-based method, aiming at assessing GI based on the provision potential of all main ES. Our method combines a wide spectrum of GIS data with expert assessments. Here we focus especially on how interaction with experts and local and regional actors impacted the method development. Our results showed that involving experts in dataset selection is very useful in compiling the most relevant data for the assessment of ES. Expert knowledge is also valuable in evaluating the actual coverage and quality of datasets. By involving both experts and local and regional actors in assessing ES provision potential we can add local knowledge to the general scientific understanding. Qualitative assessments can be complemented with quantitative data in our method. The resulting maps support land use planning, as they assist in identifying the multifunctional key areas of GI and in examining the provision potential of various ES. The group discussions involved in our method provided an additional benefit, as the experts and local and regional actors felt that this discussion platform enhanced their understanding of both GI and ES.

Planning for multifunctional urban green infrastructures: Promises and challenges

The principle of multifunctionality has been observed as one of the key attractions of the emerging concept of green infrastructure, being recognized as a means of achievement of several environmental, social, cultural and economic urban policy aims. Concomitant with this growing popularity, there are increasing concerns and criticisms about its applicability. One of the major criticisms is that there is often a misinterpretation of green infrastructure as a straightforward way to promote multifunctionality without the need to make choices among functions. In this article, we develop a method that informs spatial priority areas towards green infrastructure planning by taking into account the assessment of different functions. Two indicators of green infrastructure functions were selected: local temperature regulation by green areas and population proximity to public green spaces. The results suggest the existence of spatial synergies and conflicts between those spatial priorities and confirm that spatial policies for Porto green infrastructure would be reasonably different depending on the favoured green infrastructure function. Two main conclusions are drawn from the results: planning for multifunctional green infrastructure calls for a shift from general consensuses to designed policies and from generic assumptions to local assessments.

Green Infrastructure Gauge: A Tool for Evaluating Green Infrastructure Inclusion in Existing and Future Urban Areas

In the current global momentum of Eco and Smart Growth, Green Infrastructure (GI) concept is proving a popular means to accomplish sustainable development. This study's aim was to develop a Green Infrastructure Gauge (GIG), whose goal was to maximize presence of GI elements and functions in future urban master plans, and gauge GI status in existing urban areas. We derived relative value for each GI function through a questionnaire survey to public workers in 41 Japanese municipalities. It highlights the most valuable GI elements and functions future towns and cities can incorporate, to realize ecosystems and environment wellbeing, and herald sustainable future communities.