Government Functions Research Articles

Business environment and its impact on high-quality economic development: A configurational analysis of enhancement pathways.

The nexus between the business environment and high-quality economic development is pivotal for fostering sustainable growth. This study delves into their interrelationship, recognizing its profound practical significance. We have developed a comprehensive index system to evaluate high-quality economic development, encompassing four key dimensions: green development quality, robust economic growth, innovation dynamics, and equitable societal benefits. Concurrently, a business environment index system has been constructed, capturing the nuances of government functionality, social context, and market dynamics. Employing system theory and a configurational approach, this research utilizes the fsQCA method to decode the intricate mechanisms, dynamic pathways, and synergistic interactions among diverse elements within the business environment that influence high-quality economic development. The empirical findings underscore the substantial impact of the business environment on high-quality economic development, highlighting two primary catalyst pathways: the "Rule of Law-Government Efficiency" trajectory and the "Market-Led-Credit Environment" route. These pathways reveal that government efficiency, credit accessibility, legal frameworks, market fairness, and openness are instrumental in driving high-quality economic development. Conversely, inefficiencies in the market mechanism and governmental roles often result in suboptimal development trajectories. The study advocates for policy formulations that recognize and leverage regional distinctiveness, optimizing local resources and strengths to spur high-quality economic development tailored to each region's unique context.

Function of the General Election Supervisory Body in Enforcement General Election Law in the 2024 DPR, DPD and DPRD Member Elections for West Nusa Tenggara Province

This study uses descriptive qualitative method with institutional and management approaches. The variables were studied are patterns of relationship and communication, as well as accommodation and governance functions. The data were obtained from interviews informants and secondary data on laws, regulations, and reading materials that have relevance to the problems examined. The results showed that Bawaslu role in the handling of violations in the general elections of DPR, DPD and DPRD members year 2024 in Nusa Tenggara Barat province is still less than optimal, it is caused by several factors: first, the lack of capacity of human resources (HR); weak human resource capacity of election supervisors at the district / city and election supervisory ranks below to understand and carry out their duties and functions. This condition occurs because of the nature of institutional panwaskab / town which is adhoc, adhoc election recruitment pattern is still not good, and the low budgetary allocation surveillance in the area. Second, regulatory factors, there are a number of provisions that restrict Bawaslu in maximizing its role, such as: short handling time violation, Bawaslu is not authorized to forcedly call in the clarification process, and the obligation to prepare minimum of two (2) evidence in forwarding the recommendations. While seen from the institutional relations, functions of accommodation, and governance held Bawaslu of Nusa tenggara Barat province has been going well, and be a driving factor for Bawaslu of Nusa Tenggra barat province in the implementation of institutional management to optimize the role of Bawaslu of Nusa tenggara Barat province in the handling of violations and electoral law enforcement in the election of DPR, DPD and DPRD year 2024.

The Evolution of Government's Public Service Purchase Policy: A Historical Institutionalism Framework of Analysis

Public service innovation is the eternal theme of government management. Scientifically recognizing the change process, evolution logic and dynamic mechanism of the government's public service purchase policy is not only an important support for grasping the policy direction and optimizing the policy design, but also a realistic demand for promoting the quality and efficiency of public services and accelerating the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Based on the analytical perspective of historical institutionalism, the government's purchase of public services in China has experienced three important stages: local exploration, standardized development, and deepening reform. Its historical evolution has been profoundly influenced by situational factors, institutional factors, path dependence, and key nodes. The demand for government function transformation and social governance mechanism innovation, as well as the need for service object needs change and public service supply model innovation, are the driving forces behind policy change. Looking ahead, the government's purchase of public services should focus on standardizing and adjusting the setting of guiding catalogs, improving the needs assessment of service purchase, perfecting the implementation process of service purchase, and strengthening the process supervision and evaluation of results, so as to promote the high-quality development of the government's purchase of public services.

The Pivotal Role of Accounting in Civilizational Progress and the Age of Advanced AI: A Unified Perspective

This paper comprehensively explores the significant role that accounting plays in the progress of social civilization and delves into the profound impact of accounting on the advancement of social civilization, integrating its historical evolution and modern applications with emerging technological trends in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), and Universal Basic Income (UBI). By examining accounting's role in fostering economic growth, corporate governance, governmental functioning, and social equity, alongside the transformative potential of advanced AI, the paper highlights how these domains interconnect to shape future societies. Comparative analyses between socialist and capitalist accounting systems underscore diverse approaches to leveraging AI technologies for equitable development and innovation. The findings illuminate the indispensable role of accounting as a cornerstone for global progress and ethical advancement in an AI-dominated era.

Community perceptions of health accountability meetings with local politicians to improve healthcare quality: a qualitative study in Western Uganda

BackgroundLack of accountability within healthcare systems contributes to suboptimal healthcare quality and ultimately poor health outcomes, especially in low-income countries. In Uganda, our research team implemented a pilot project of quarterly health accountability meetings between community members and their local political leaders to discuss healthcare needs and strategies for quality improvement. In this study, we examine the community members’ understanding and perceptions of the health accountability meetings, as well as the perceived impact of the meetings on local healthcare services and community life.MethodsWe conducted a total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs), half with men and half with women, in November 2022 across six randomly chosen communities out of the ten communities where health accountability meetings were held. We audio taped, transcribed, and translated all FGDs into English. We collected data on demographics, understanding of the meetings, and perceived changes within healthcare services and the community from 111 participants. Two researchers analyzed the data using an inductive thematic approach, generating five themes.ResultsWe found the following themes: (1) increased inclusivity and promotion of bidirectional communication; (2) increased understanding of patient rights and practicing of collective empowerment by the community; (3) improved provider behavior; (4) enhanced relationships among politicians, community members, and healthcare providers; and (5) identified needs for future improvements.ConclusionThrough this qualitative study, we found that the community members perceived the accountability meetings as beneficial in improving the local healthcare services and community life. The study demonstrates the need to prioritize the voices of local communities in efforts to address the accountability gaps, as well as the potential for utilizing the relationship between community members and politicians to address accountability shortfalls in other governmental functions beyond healthcare.Trial registrationN/A.

Status and Prospect for Research on Functioning of the Second Polish Republic Government since mid-October 1938 till 31 August 1939

Status and Prospect for Research on Functioning of the Second Polish Republic Government since mid-October 1938 till 31 August 1939

Influence of the decentralization reform results on the functioning and activity of local government under martial law in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the decentralization reform on the activities of local governments under martial law. Decentralization is one of the most effective reforms that have been implemented in Ukraine. Under the influence of this reform, local governments have gained greater autonomy, new opportunities, capacity and responsibility, which has affected their activities and interaction with citizens. The need to analyze this topic is explained by the urgent issue related to the peculiarities of local government activities in ensuring the sustainability and development of territories and communities in Ukraine, during martial law, and interaction with public authorities, the public and military administrations. In particular, during martial law, one can observe vivid examples of the success of the decentralization reform. The capacity and capability of local governments and territorial communities themselves have become key in protecting statehood, performing a significant share of humanitarian tasks, supporting the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense. The modernization of the governance system accelerates processes, changes approaches to decision-making, introduces the use of new forms and methods of communication and interaction with the population, ensures increased transparency in the activities of government institutions and openness of the authorities, and involves citizens in decision-making processes. The article examines the theoretical aspects of the impact of the decentralization reform on the activities of local self-government bodies, analyzes the current situation in Ukraine, and identifies specific problems of local government under martial law. The author concludes that the decentralization reform in Ukraine has provided significant opportunities for enhancing the capacity of local government to independently address local issues. During martial law, local government proved to be an effective mechanism of management and response. The transfer of powers to the local level contributes to the further democratization of society, as it creates conditions for the development of the entire state space based on strengthening the role of territorial communities and enhances resilience in overcoming the challenges of war, ensuring continuous improvement of the relevant processes of the public administration bodies at the regional and local levels.

Political patronage: A catalyst for corruption and misgovernance in South Africa

Political patronage has become a notable concern in the South African public sector, often compared to a new epidemic because of its adverse effects on governance and public administration. This phenomenon involves by political leaders offering rewards and appointment people for key government positions and allocating resources to them based on their political loyalty rather than their abilities and qualifications. This intensifies corruption by fostering a culture in which competence is subordinate, resulting in inadequately qualified individuals assuming key positions and receiving benefits, thereby amplifying opportunities for unethical conduct. In turn, this practice undermines the effectiveness and integrity of public sector institutions. The purpose of this article is to offer a broader analysis and implications of political patronage and how it fuels corruption and governance in the South African public sector. This article employs a secondary research method through the review of existing literature to examine the nature of political patronage, its nexus with corruption and misgovernance in the public sector, drawing reference to contemporary, renowned corruption cases. This paper submits that overcoming these challenges necessitates a holistic approach that involves the professionalization of the public sector, robust measures to combat corruption, and improved transparency. The objective is to establish and promote a public service that emphasizes competence, responsibility, and the fulfilment of governance functions in order to serve the wider interests of citizens.

ANALISIS PERAN BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA (BPD) DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 DAN FIQIH SIYASAH

The village government, led by the village head and supported by village officials, collaborates with the Village Consultative Body (BPD) to discuss and agree on draft village regulations. In Islamic law, based on Siyasah Fiqh, the BPD is akin to ahlu al-halli wa al-‘aqdi, functioning as a legislative body and executor of government policies (ulil amri). This study aims to analyze the role of the BPD in village head elections from the perspectives of Law No. 6 of 2014 and Siyasah Fiqh. Using a library research method, the findings reveal: (1) Under Law No. 6 of 2014, the BPD represents the village population democratically and performs government functions. The village head's accountability through the BPD reflects people's sovereignty and democracy at the village level. (2) From the perspective of Siyasah Fiqh, the BPD aligns with the concept of ahlu al-halli wa al-‘aqdi, acting as a legislative institution responsible for upholding governance and public interest. The study highlights the BPD's critical role in balancing governance and ensuring democratic principles at the village level, in harmony with both national laws and Islamic teachings.

Pengaturan Fungsi Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional Dalam Mengendalikan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk

Population growth in Kupang Regency from year to year is increasing, based on the population census data of Kupang Regency the number of residents by gender (soul), the population of Kupang Regency amounted to 372, 777 people with details of 190, 480 people for men and 182, 297 people for women. The density problem that occurred was 63 people per km2. High population growth can be a serious problem if it is not solved immediately, the high and uncontrolled population growth rate will affect the declining level of welfare of the community and family. . The family planning program began in 1968 by preparing LKBN (national family planning institution) which later became the National Population and Family Planning Agency or BKKBN, the national family planning movement aims to control the rate of population growth and also improve the quality of human resources. This research is a normative judicial research supported by an approach that uses primary data and secondary data obtained using interview methods, documentation studies and observations and the data obtained is processed using editing, coding, induction, trigulation and tabulation methods and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that (1) Regulation regarding the function of the district government in population control by BKKBN in Kupang Regency. In the hierarchy of legislative arrangements from the highest to the lowest level, it gives very full authority or trust to the National Population and Family Planning Agency in controlling the rate of population growth in Kupang Regency (2) In carrying out the functions of the population and family planning agency in organizing population control in Kupang Regency. The Population and Family Planning Agency has provided services and education to the public about the importance of family planning. However, the function of BKKBN has not been running well, this can happen because of the lack of public awareness, socio-cultural constraints, limited access to counter-septic tools, patriarchal gender roles, religious keyness and economic factors that make the function of BKKBN not well in controlling the population in Kupang Regency.

Cooperation of territorial communities of ukraine and poland in conditions of war

This article is aimed at studying the current state and prospects for cooperation between territorial communities of Ukraine and Poland. Damage and losses from the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine have caused the need to find additional resources for the normal functioning of local government. In such conditions, assistance from partner countries is extremely important. Local government can respond to the crisis faster, since it is smaller in scale than state institutions. In the conditions of a full-scale war, Ukrainian self-governments, as a rule, received support in the form of humanitarian aid. Poland is among the leaders in providing humanitarian aid. In particular, the Mazowieckie Voivodeship actively supports Ukrainian territorial communities. Currently, thematic programs have been launched to help implement EU policies in various areas. The process of convergence of the legislative bases of Ukraine and Europe has begun.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE IN UKRAINE’S RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION

To fight the aggressor and strengthen Ukraine’s economy, the government must play a crucial role in mobilizing domestic and foreign resources, allocating them toward set goals through public expenditure. This paper identifies priority areas for government action in Ukraine’s economic recovery, reconstruction, and EU accession, and proposes various instruments of public finance that should be employed by the national government and international partners during reconstruction. I develop a methodology to assess the consolidated budget expenditure required to cover Ukraine’s recovery and reconstruction needs (RRNs) over the period from 2025 to 2028. My findings reveal that budget expenditures to meet Ukraine’s RRNs will amount to 12.3% of GDP in 2025, 15.5% in 2026, 13.8% in 2027, and 12.7% of GDP in 2028. These results suggest that total budget expenditure (including ordinary government functions) will reach 68% of GDP in 2025, gradually declining to 51.4% of GDP in 2028. I demonstrate the need for additional financial assurances from the EU, the United States, international financial institutions, and bilateral donors to support Ukraine’s recovery and reconstruction program.

A különleges jogrend állami keretrendszere a veszélyhelyzet intézményének kontextusaiban

Aim: The aim of this study is to reflect and share ideas on the challenges and impacts of the health crisis on legislation and the functioning of local governments. A further aim of the study is to map the legislative action in emergency situations, and to examine the legislative difficulties and constitutional concerns caused by the declaration, extension and maintenance of the special legal emergency, and whether the emergency legislation was appropriate from the point of view of legal certainty. Methodology: In my research, I analysed and evaluated the experience of this new topic. Findings: I believe it is essential that the experience gained during the health crisis in the fields of public administration, health, law enforcement, food, care and services is analysed in scientific depth as soon as possible and incorporated into legislation as necessary. Value: The study draws attention to the need for the Government of Hungary and the system of public administration to be prepared to deal with new emergencies, in which case protocols developed on the basis of recent experience may be immediately available.

Collaborative Governance in Increasing Original Regional Income

This research, titled Collaborative Governance in Increasing Original Regional Income (A Bibliometric Approach to Research Development), aims to uncover research trends on collaborative governance through a bibliometric study approach. The primary objective is to identify scientific publications that contribute to studies on collaborative governance, particularly in the context of enhancing Regional Original Income (ROI). The researcher retrieved documents from the Scopus database, focusing on the subject of social sciences and using the VOSviewer application for data processing. The initial search resulted in 2,856 documents, which were filtered down to 48 articles related to collaborative governance in the field of Government Science. The bibliometric analysis highlights that the majority of collaborative governance research is conducted within the social sciences, emphasizing its importance in government functions and policy implementation, especially in efforts to increase regional income. A noticeable peak in research output occurred in 2022, with 231 articles published, indicating a growing interest in this field. This study also maps the geographical distribution of research, revealing that the United States, the UK, and China are the leading contributors, while Indonesia has not yet entered the top ten, presenting opportunities for further development in this area. Collaborative governance research often intersects with policy networks, which are crucial for addressing governance challenges in public administration. The study suggests that increasing collaborative governance research in Indonesia could significantly contribute to both the academic field of Government Science and practical policy-making.

Political governance and firm performance in China: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment

The involvement of the Communist Party of China in corporate decision-making has formed a corporate governance model with “Chinese characteristics” that diverges from commonly studied governance models. This paper aims to provide direct insight into China’s corporate governance model by examining how the involvement of Party organizations in corporate governance influences the performance of private firms. To address endogeneity concerns, we use a quasi-natural experiment (i.e., sudden deaths of board directors) that leads to an exogenous change in the proportion of Party directors. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we find that an increase in the proportion of Party directors (i.e., stronger political governance) improves private firms’ performance. This finding is robust to various tests. Moreover, the channel analysis suggests that the Party organization performs advisory and supervisory functions in corporate governance. Last, we present evidence that the excessive involvement of the Party organization in corporate governance also imposes political costs on private firms.

“Keseimbangan Otonomi Lokal dan Kesatuan Doktrinal: Kajian Pemerintahan Gereja Dalam Konteks Masa Kini”

This study analyzes various church governance models, namely Episcopal, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Synodal, using a SWOT analysis method to examine each system's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Each governance model possesses structural characteristics that impact decision-making, authority distribution, and the relationship between congregants and church leaders. The results show that each system offers a unique approach to maintaining doctrinal unity and enhancing congregational participation. However, no governance model is entirely ideal; each faces challenges in balancing centralized authority with local autonomy. Therefore, this study also proposes fundamental principles, such as collaborative leadership, distributed accountability, holistic theological formation, sustainable resource management, and responsiveness to social challenges, which can be applied to optimize church governance functions in an ever-evolving social and cultural context.

Effects of public data open on performance of government functions in China: the roles of digital economy and market economic system adopting the perspective of resource- based view

IntroductionThe emergence of the digital economy necessitates effective government guidance and regulation of enterprise behavior to ensure fair market competition. Understanding how public data open can enhance the performance of government functions is crucial, particularly in understanding the roles of key factors like the development of the digital economy and the current state of the market economic system. This study explores the effects of public data open on performance of government functions from a resource-based perspective.MethodsUsing a dataset of 237 Chinese cities from 2017 to 2021, we employed a two-way fixed-effects model to investigate the mechanisms. This includes its interaction with the development of the digital economy and the moderating role of the market economic system.ResultsThe findings reveal that public data open significantly improves performance of government functions, as validated by a multi-temporal DID model and various robustness checks. Notably, the development of the digital economy mediates this relationship, while the market economic system has a strong positive moderating effect. The effects of public data open on performance of government functions also exhibits significant variability.DiscussionRecommendations include coordinating regional public data open resource planning and allocation, enhancing public data open rules and objectives by region, and promoting synergy between public data open, development of digital economy and the market economic system.

Pocketbook Voting in India’s 18th Parliamentary Elections (2024)

The economic theory of voting has long remained a cornerstone in the study of voting behaviour, especially in economically developed democracies. At the heart of it is the assumption that economic contexts shape voting choice and influence electoral outcomes as management of the economy is an important function of governments and that citizens hold elected representatives accountable for the nation’s as well as family’s economic situation. Voters support ruling party candidates when they think the incumbent government has delivered on the economic front—creation of employment opportunities, keeping price of essential goods and services under control, rise in income across social layers and so on. In India, much of the analysis of voting behaviour is focused on shifting allegiance of support across social constituencies—particularly caste and religion. Economic factors of voting choices have received little attention to the extent as if they do not matter. However, analysis of NES (2024) data suggests that economic factors swayed a significant chunk of voters and thus influenced the final electoral outcomes. Anchored in economic theoretical context of voting behaviour, this article particularly examines whether there was pocketbook voting and whether it influenced the electoral outcomes of the 18th general election to Lok Sabha (2024). The findings show that pocketbook voting had significant and substantial effect on political preference.

How scholars can support government analytics: Combining employee surveys with more administrative data sources towards a better understanding of how government functions

How scholars can support government analytics: Combining employee surveys with more administrative data sources towards a better understanding of how government functions

Early Voter Engagement Through Smart Voting Movement RRI Makassar

General elections target novice voters as a flying vote. Novice voters are those who are eligible to participate in general elections for the first time with a minimum age of 17 years. Among them are class XII SMA/MA or new students. In the 2024 General Election, novice voters as a whole dominated the permanent voter list (DPT) with a number reaching around 56.45% of the total voters. However, the level of voter participation has decreased, due to disappointment in the results of previous elections and local elections. Various problems have resulted in a decrease in voter participation, including the tendency of pragmatic political elites who do not want to know about citizens' participation rights. In order to increase public confidence in domestic democracy, a strategy to increase political participation is needed. The development of Indonesian politics must be known to all citizens, in order to understand the correct political choices and in accordance with decisions without tendency and intimidation according to applicable rules. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, because it explores the phenomenon in depth. The Smart Choosing Movement (GCM) is effective in increasing political awareness among first-time voters. GCM succeeded in raising awareness of the importance of elections, government functions, and rights and responsibilities as citizens. GCM is effective in increasing understanding of the electoral process, from registration to voting. The program is able to increase the motivation of novice voters to be directly involved in elections.