Administrative Functions Research Articles

On the move: Autocratic leaders, security, and capital relocations

Why do some countries make the costly decision to relocate their capital city? Existing research offers four general explanations for this momentous action: administrative functionality, economic development, environmental degradation, and national integration. We offer a less sanguine, political explanation: capital relocations offer autocratic leaders a way to mitigate different security threats, including coups, popular protests, and foreign interventions. Using original data on capital relocations in 202 polities after 1789, we test several implications of our argument, at different levels of analysis. First, we show that autocracies are much more likely to relocate their capitals than democracies. Second, using different indicators of internal and external threats, we find that autocracies more likely relocate their capitals when breakdown is looming. Third, running subnational analyses, we find evidence that capitals are relocated to smaller cities and areas less susceptible to urban development.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Engineering Project Management and Engineering Product Development: A Review

This study explores the two distinct parts of engineering management: engineering product management and engineering project management. A qualitative systematic review method was employed, using purposively sampled literature and a desk-based research approach. Using thematic analysis, the researchers produced significant data findings. The findings suggest that Engineering Project Management and Engineering Product Development play a vital role in achieving success in engineering projects. While they possess distinct principles, practices, and concepts, they share important management techniques in the business realm. The findings also indicate significant disparities in methods, utility and resource allocation, and quality assurance while highlighting the absence of administrative functions in Engineering Product Development compared to Engineering Project Management. Furthermore, the study notes that greater creativity and efficiency in both management practices are enabled by current technology and methodology. The study's limitations include an extensive use of literature review data and a focus on a broad target area. Consequently, this suggests a need for empirical data to enhance experience-based research and focus on a specific industry for more precise outcomes.

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE

The author emphasises that Ukrainian legislation does not contain a comprehensive legal regulation of public administration in the area of ensuring food security of Ukraine. That is why there is an urgent need to reform, first of all, the regulatory support of this function of public administration. The main directions of such reform should be: 1) adoption of a specialised law which would lay down a new legal basis for public administration in the area of food security of Ukraine; 2) improvement of the mechanism of strategic planning of the relevant area of state policy; 3) introduction of European principles and standards of public administration in this area; 4) improvement of interaction between civil society institutions and public administration in the course of public administration in the area of food security of Ukraine. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the new law on food security of Ukraine should clearly define the system of goals and objectives of public administration in the field of food security of Ukraine, delimit the powers and competence of public administration entities within this functional area of their activities, and determine the mechanism for guaranteeing physical and economic access to food and essential goods for everyone. In addition, the Food Security Strategy for the period up to 2030 should be adopted, which should: include the principles of food security generally recognised in the EU; regulate Ukraine’s participation in ensuring global food security; involve digital technologies in agricultural production; and expand cooperation with civil society institutions in the implementation of state policy in this area.

THEORETICAL ISSUES OF THE STUDY OF A NEW MODEL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

The purpose of the theoretical paper is to present and discuss the evolution of the adoption of a New Public Governance agenda improving management, accountability, transparency, public participation, integrity and quality of public services. Based on the literature, the debate on the adoption of a new public administration program appears to be original and relevant for understanding the changes taking place in public administration. The results of the discussions show that the evolution of public sector management is directly related to public demands for improved governance, transparency, accountability, wider public participation and the quality of public services. The findings of the study show that new public management manifests promises in meeting public policy and service needs in a more democratic and transparent manner at a lower cost. These changes impact the functioning of government and public administration, which opens the chances to new ideas in public management theories and public sector management strategies.

О системе публичного управления

The article examines the relationship between the public authority system and the public administration system. It is shown that these systems are not identical: the first is significantly narrower than the entire public administration system. It is noted that the functions of public administration are implemented in the work of a variety of subjects, which include numerous bodies and organizations. It is argued that such functions as policy development at the public level, planning and coordination, as well as supervision remain mainly the prerogative of certain public bodies, and regulation and management began to be carried out by other legal entities. It is argued that functions such as analysis, forecasting, organization and especially control are inherent in many subjects who do not have public authority, but are actually actively involved in the process of public management. It’s concluded that state corporations, state-owned companies and a number of other organizations, including municipal ones, are subjects of the public administration system.

AI and Machine Learning in Healthcare - Applications, Challenges and Ethics

Purpose: This research aims to discuss how AI and machine learning can be used in healthcare, challenges associated with implementation and the ethics around the widespread adoption of AI in the health care ecosystem while understanding the regulations around the technology implementation. Methodology: By conducting qualitative analysis on various applications of AI and machine learning in health care and its impacts on patient care, the analysis summarizes the challenges and ethics associated with the implementation. Findings: Results indicate that in the last few years, the data collected in the healthcare industry has increased manifold. Some studies suggest that structured data is growing by 40% each year, unstructured data is growing by over 80% and global data produced is forty zettabytes (ZB) as of 2020. With the increased regulatory and compliance requirements, effective data governance is a mandate for industries like healthcare where there is greater focus on data privacy, data security and personal information protection. This rapid explosion of data and the need to ensure the data is available at the right time has led to increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning solutions across healthcare organizations to gain meaningful insights from the data collected. These technologies are proving to transform many aspects of healthcare ecosystem from patient care to administrative functions. Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: Currently AI and machine learning are aiding providers and patients by improving the health outcomes, but further research is necessary to validate to ensure these technologies are complying the regulatory guidelines without comprising on the patient care and the ethics involved when it comes to patient security and privacy.

Positioning corporate real estate to drive competitive advantage and facilitate corporate goals

Actively managing a corporate real estate (CRE) portfolio as a strategic asset may not ‘make’ the profit and loss (P&L) but failing to do so can certainly break it. A robust CRE function enhances the organisation’s competitive stance, enabling it to control costs and step up rapidly to embrace new business opportunities. This paper is directed to senior executives whose remit is to foresee and then mitigate risk to the business as well as to periodically benchmark the return on investment of company assets as marked to market. It urges senior management, especially chief financial officers (CFOs), to recognise the value and risk of CRE and to involve their CRE team in asset strategy planning. It draws on the authors’ experience and conversations with CRE leaders, as well as examples of how a strong CRE function can mitigate risk, enhance the corporation’s competitive advantage, seize opportunities, realise hidden value and staunch bleeding P&Ls. It outlines a model structure for corporations seeking to position the corporate real estate function to control risk and participate in asset strategy planning for real estate assets they own or lease in support of their core business. The paper’s premise is that CRE is a strategic asset whose cost, deployment of capital and risk demand an appropriately active management model that promotes business goals and protects against the significant risks inherent in these long-term, illiquid assets. Nonetheless, in many organisations, real estate is handled as a routine administrative function and static cost centre far removed from senior decision makers. Target audiences are CFOs, controllers and private equity operating partners typically in medium-sized companies that are planning or undergoing significant growth, leading to increasing complexity, growing portfolios and higher transaction volumes. It is equally appropriate for executives who insist on being actively involved in real estate decisions to protect their P&Ls and forestall being ‘stuck’ with either too expensive, poorly located or ill-configured real estate with few options to fix it. The concepts described also apply to companies with larger portfolios that need to exert oversight and/or cost control due to evolving market conditions.

Examination of the Current Situation and Governance Suggestions of Chinese Domestic Enclave

Enclave is a special administrative area with unique governance value. The existing enclaves include administrative function dominant enclaves, base function dominant enclaves, population history dominant enclaves, and other types. Essentially, enclaves are the phenomenon of territorial changes caused by changes in personal jurisdiction, which have different causes in different periods. Improving the governance of enclaves requires clarifying the personal jurisdiction of enclaves, focusing on the development of residents, and promoting the improvement of enclave administrative management system in a typified and gradual manner. According to the inherent requirements of enclave governance, it is necessary to improve the jurisdiction system of enclaves, enhance the evaluation of enclave governance, and expand participation in enclave governance.

Artificial Intelligence and its Use in the Field of Education

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education. Premised on a narrative and framework for assessing AI identified from a preliminary analysis, the scope of the study was limited to the application and effects of AI in administration, instruction, and learning. A qualitative research approach, leveraging the use of literature review as a research design and approach was used and effectively facilitated the realization of the study purpose. Artificial intelligence is a field of study and the resulting innovations and developments that have culminated in computers, machines, and other artifacts having human-like intelligence characterized by cognitive abilities, learning, adaptability, and decision-making capabilities. The study ascertained that AI has extensively been adopted and used in education, particularly by education institutions, in different forms. AI initially took the form of computer and computer related technologies, transitioning to webbased and online intelligent education systems, and ultimately with the use of embedded computer systems, together with other technologies, the use of humanoid robots and web-based chatbots to perform instructors' duties and functions independently or with instructors. Using these platforms, instructors have been able to perform different administrative functions, such as reviewing and grading students' assignments more effectively and efficiently, and achieve higher quality in their teaching activities. On the other hand, because the systems leverage machine learning and adaptability, curriculum and content has been customized and personalized in line with students' needs, which has fostered uptake and retention, thereby improving learners experience and overall quality of learning.

Implementasi Hukum Administrasi Negara Dalam Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah

State administrative law has an important role to create a good and orderly system of government. It is hoped that state administrative law wiil function to expedite the task of administering the state and provide legal guarantees to citizens and protect all people. This is also in line with the objektives of maslahah mursalah, so that the implementation of state administrative law can be integrated with exploring the values of maslahah mursalah. The purpose of this study is to find out how the role of islamic law (maslahah mursalah) in the implementation of state administrative law. The benefit of this research is to find out how far maslahah mursalah is applied to state administrative law. This study uses the usul fiqh approach as an epistemological basis in the application of state administrative law. This research is a qualitative reseach with descriptive analysis and library reseach. The results of this study are to find a common goal between state administrative law and maslahah mursalah, and the effectiveness of implementing state administrative law besed on maslahah mursalah values.

Institutional Arrangement of Land Administration and Legal Frameworks for Providing Urban Land to Housing Cooperatives in Ethiopia: Evidence from Bahir Dar City

At global level, raising awareness of land management and institutional development plays an important role in building strong institutions for urban, regional, and national development, especially for housing. This can help the urban homeless by providing urban land when they need it. Hence, robust and well-structured urban land administration institutions are crucial for meeting planned housing land demand and achieving national, regional, and city-level objectives, contributing significantly to urban development. Because an effective urban land delivery system for housing favors low-income groups organized as housing cooperatives. However, substantial gaps in the current literature on land administration institutional structure have not been addressed in depth, notably in performing the land delivery process and utilizing communication as a tool between and within land administration functions and levels. The objective of this article is to investigate how an insufficient land administration institutional structure affects urban land supply to housing cooperatives as a capacity bottleneck. To achieve the study’s objectives, interviews and desk reviews were used as part of the mixed-methods approach to identify institutional structure challenges that limit effective communication and impede institutional performance in land delivery. The study found that inadequate institutional structures, conflicting roles, and poor communication channels were responsible for poor urban land delivery for housing cooperatives. Thus, without well-structured institutions in place, managing urban land may become an impossible mission, impeding progress towards sustainable development goals in cities. To this end, it is necessary to reform existing institutional structures to close current performance gaps related to institutional arrangements in urban land administration in general and land delivery for housing in particular. Ultimately, this conclusion calls for further research on responsible land stewardship and institutional arrangements, emphasizing the importance of understanding urban land institutions for housing developers in urban Ethiopia and analogous cities worldwide.

Szabálysértési "kontra" közigazgatási bírság

Aim: The legislator places the sanctioning of unlawful conduct in the various areas of law on the basis of principles of legal policy, expediency and effectiveness, but at its own discretion. The law on misdemeanours has traditionally covered conduct which is less dangerous to society and which does not rise to the level of a criminal offence. However, there are movements between the different areas of law. Some conduct is transferred from the area of misdemeanour law to administrative fines. It is not uncommon for certain offences to remain within the scope of the law on offences, while other offences in the same situation are transferred to administrative law. Can this phenomenon be linked to the system of sanctions in the two areas of law? What sanctions can be found in each area of law and how effective are they in sanctioning specific offences? The answers to these questions may provide a direction for the further development of the law of misdemeanours and may confirm the thesis already formulated in the literature that the gradually declining administrative protection function of the law of misdemeanours is being taken over by sectoral legislation and that the law of misdemeanours is increasingly becoming a shadow image of criminal law. Methodology: In order to answer the questions, the author compared and analysed the provisions of the Act on Administrative Offences and the Act on Sanctions for Administrative Offences, as well as the related literature. Findings: In order to understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to take into account the legal policy rationale and the questions of economy and efficiency. Value: The analysis has shown the similarities and differences between the various sanctions and has indicated which sanctions may be an adequate solution for specific behaviours. The findings of the study will be incorporated into the doctoral thesis on „The criminal power of public administration”.

Ethics, transparency and finances in state public universities in Mexico

The UPE in Mexico are entities that financially operate by means of subsidies granted by the federation and the federal entities, which are used to fulfill their substantive and administrative functions; the subsidies are public resources subject to auditing according to various federal provisions; This article highlights the importance of ethics, transparency and accountability in state public universities in Mexico, by means of a non-experimental analysis of quantitative and correlational type and having as results those issued by the Superior Audit Office of the Federation (ASF) in the fiscal year 2020 where it made an average of 20 observations for each UPE of which 3. In addition, there is a moderate correlation between observations made and observations not solved, concluding that ethics, transparency and accountability are determining factors in the efficient use of financial resources in the UPE in Mexico.

Historical Insights into Sustainable Development: Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Ancient Trade and Settlements

Ancient trade routes significantly influenced political structures, cultural exchanges, economic development, and landscape transformations across diverse regions. The Ancient Tea Horse Road, a prominent historical commercial pathway in China, is crucial for ecosystem and cultural heritage conservations. This study uses content and comparative analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, and spatial analysis to examine the spatiotemporal relationships between 13,026 settlement points identified via Google Earth and 445 recorded settlement names within the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The findings indicate that the Ancient Tea Horse Road evolved from a simple linear form to a complex radial network, reflecting its growth from local to broad regional connectivity. Settlements related to administrative, postal, and commercial functions emerged in its vicinity, underscoring the route’s impact on social structures and economic activities. The development of settlements, mainly within a 10 km radius of the route, was closely linked to its expansion, alteration, and decline, offering insights into contemporary settlement distribution patterns. This research not only enhances the understanding of the Ancient Tea Horse Road and its surrounding settlements but also supports the protection of ancient trade routes and their cultural heritage. It contributes to sustainable development by integrating ecological preservation with the safeguarding of ancient trade routes and their cultural legacies.

National Park Service Internal Structures Toward Agency Resilience: A Mixed-Methods, Multi-Site, Mesoscale Investigation

Agencies focused on protected areas’ conservation and recreation require internal capacity-building to enhance their organizational resilience (the ability to adapt and persist). Yet, internal capacity-building is often underemphasized as agencies attend to external relationships. This omission can lessen an agency’s ability to adapt to emergent stressors and opportunities. Specifically, relationships within an agency’s groups (i.e., divisions)—the intra-organizational mesoscale between individuals and whole organizations—can increase an agency’s ability to efficiently build resilience-enhancing adaptive capacity. The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) adopted this mesoscale in their Urban Agenda goal of One NPS, or building resilience-enhancing, agency-wide internal relationships. We investigated intra-organizational relationships in this context, examining relationships within (i.e., bonds) and across (i.e., bridges) three NPS groups: parks (physical spaces), programs (community outreach), and offices (administrative functions). Pairing qualitative interviews with quantitative social network analysis in Detroit, Tucson, and Boston, we examined internal relationship prevalence, supports, and opportunities. The NPS has program and office presence in each of these three urban areas but different proximities to national park units, which are the typical face of the NPS. Across these urban areas, we found that the parks group exhibits more bonds (park-to-park relationships), the programs group exhibits more bridges (program-to-park or program-to-office), and the offices group exhibits a mixture of bonds and bridges. To further One NPS and organizational resilience, cultivating bridges among the three groups is key. This investigation may inform a more strategic focusing of an agency’s limited resources. We highlight five directions for protected area managers’ consideration toward this aim: build bridges locally among groups; consider group composition when identifying divisions (i.e., programs appear more heterogeneous or dissimilar from each other than do the park and office groups); reflect on parks’ centrality to NPS identity and relationships; seek organizational structures supportive of relationship development; and focus on the organizational mesoscale for resilience-enhancing adaptive capacity. These directions for strategic focusing of organizational resources are based in the longstanding work of the NPS but ultimately transcend this single agency, providing targeted guidance for protected area agencies in building internal capacity toward external, public-oriented goals.

Utilization of Learning Space as a Learning Resource Center

A conducive learning situation is related to the quality of student learning. The creation of a conducive class will prevent students from feeling bored, physical fatigue and also the creation of a conducive class will provide motivation and comfort for students' learning. Learning space is the place where the teaching and learning process takes place, the place in question can be indoors, outdoors, or virtual space. Learning space is a facility that creates a learning atmosphere and supports the creation of an innovative learning ecosystem. There are four ideas that form the basis for developing future learning spaces, namely: learning by doing, context-based, interaction, and learning locations. To realize this design, a space-technology-cognitive concept was designed that combines aspects of knowledge, aspects of space or the learning environment and the use of technology as one of the smart learning designs in the future. Utilization of learning space as a learning resource center can be carried out by referring to five functions, namely: the function of developing instructional systems; learning media service function; learning media development function; training function and administrative function.

The Public Service and its new crises

The notion of public service for Brazilian administrative law has always been endowed with a natural fog, which involves dogmatic discussion based on the uncertainties of the elements and the scope of the concept, extending into spaces where new execution models continue to foster doubt. The debate on the distinction between public service and economic activity is once again on the agenda of administrative law, as the economic crisis influences adjustments aimed at the privatization of state-owned companies such as the Brazilian postal and telegraph company and the Rio water and sanitation company of January. In the reflections set out in this essay, we propose premises to face the “new crises” of public service, elucidating issues that compromise the efficiency of the State's administrative function, in points relating to its universality and adequacy. It is an invitation to doubt and conjecture many answers to the same question. What are the risks of Brazilian public service?

Validation of the questionnaire to measure Chilean teachers' perception of school violence and coexistence management (VI+GEC).

In this article, we present the development and validation of a psychometric scale that measures the teacher's perception in the Chilean school system with respect to elements of school violence and coexistence management. The novelty lies in the incorporation of factors that address violence from teachers to students, from students to teachers and coexistence management. A total of 1072 teachers from the Northern, Central, Southern and Metropolitan macro-zones of Chile participated, with ages between 22 and 76 years (M=44.56; SD=10.52) and from 1 to 54 years of work (M=17.14; SD=10.38). 76.3% identify with the female gender and 23.7% with the male gender. Of the teachers, 78.4% worked mainly in the classroom and the rest performed managerial or administrative functions outside the classroom in the school. The school violence and coexistence management questionnaire for teachers (VI+GEC) was used. The validity of the scale was demonstrated by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent validity analysis and discriminant validity. Reliability was demonstrated by means of McDonald's omega coefficient in all the factors of the scale. An analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) found a mean, and statistically significant influence of the perception of coexistence management on the perception of school violence. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on school violence and coexistence management.

Procurement Methods and Practices in Municipality Projects -An Analysis from Mandandeupur, Nepal

Purpose: To analyze the procurement methods and practices adopted in Mandandeupur Municipality, newly formed municipality in Kavrepalanchowk district under Bagmati province of Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: A structured set of questionnaires were developed in order to assess the practice of contract administration functions in the contract project conducted by the Mandandeupur Municipality in the F/Y 2074/075 B.S, 2075/076 B.S, 2076/077 B.S, 2077/078 B.S & 2078/079 B.S. Findings/Result: The study also examined the bidding trends in the municipality, revealing that 56.25% of the total bids were low bids, indicating potential cost savings. Additionally, 68.75% of the bids were competitive, suggesting a healthy level of competition in the procurement process. However, 3.125% of the bids were found to be collusive, indicating the presence of unethical practices that need to be addressed. Originality/Value: The study is significant to control significant low bid by asking to provide a method of statement, work schedule, and clarification for low bidding to ensure effective implementation of contract projects. The method of statement from the contractor can also help resolve negotiation/variation of conflicts. Paper Type: Empirical Research

РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ КЛІЄНТ-СЕРВЕРНОГО ЗАСТОСУНКУ З МЕТОЮ КЕРУВАННЯ БАЗОЮ ДАНИХ ДЛЯ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

This article presents the development of a number of administrative functions for a client-server application aimed at optimizing and simplifying database management. The administrator, having these functions, has the ability to perform various operations with the database, including archiving, unpacking, creating copies and restoring information. These capabilities allow you to ensure the reliability and security of data, reducing the risk of losing important information. In addition, with the introduction of functionality for loading data from Excel files, the process of data management becomes even simpler and more productive. This opens up new opportunities for fast and continuous updating and processing of information, making the process of working with data more efficient and convenient for the administrator.