Personality Functioning Research Articles

Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Intervention for Elderly People with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Review Study

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most complex and progressive disorders, characterized by symmetrical distal degeneration of peripheral nerves, resulting in features of pain and sensory loss. This study aimed to find out the effects of physiotherapy intervention on physical function, balance, and postural control of persons with DN. Materials and Methods: A computerized electronic search was performed using PEDro, Pubmed, CINAHL, and EMBASE with keywords including physiotherapy intervention, physical exercise, rehabilitation techniques, balance training, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies that were randomized clinical trials, crossover trials, or controlled trials published in the English language from 2015 to 2021, identifying DN as the primary concern, and physiotherapy intervention as one of the treatment options. Results: The primary search of the database turned up an entire set of 58 studies, among which 11 studies were selected as potentially meeting the inclusion criteria. Ultimately, four studies were retained for the final results of the review. The evaluations provided evidence to suggest that physiotherapy has positive effects on subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: After reviewing, it has been revealed that balance and strength training are applicable for improving balance, gait, and physical function in DN patients.

Impact of vortioxetine on depressive symptoms moderated by symptoms of anxiety in persons with post-COVID-19 condition: A secondary analysis

ObjectiveRecovery from a COVID-19 infection can lead to post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), which causes a multitude of debilitating symptoms that negatively affect an individual's health-related quality of life, including depressive and anxiety symptoms. We aim to examine the mediatory effects of anxiety on depressive symptoms in persons with PCC receiving vortioxetine. MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating vortioxetine treatment on cognitive functioning in persons with PCC. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured by the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale and the 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR-16), respectively. ResultsBased on data of 147 participants, GAD-7 scores were significantly positively associated with QIDS-SR-16 scores (β=0.038, 95 % CI [0.029,0.047], p < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, a significant group (χ2=176.786, p < 0.001), time (χ2=8.914, p = 0.003), and treatment x time x GAD-7 score interaction (χ2=236.483, p < 0.001) effect was observed. Vortioxetine-treated participants had a significant difference in overall change in depressive symptoms (mean difference=-3.15, SEM=0.642, 95 % CI [-4.40,-1.89], p < 0.001). ConclusionAnxiety symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in persons with PCC. Antidepressant efficacy on ameliorating depressive symptoms is dependent on improving anxiety symptoms, underscoring significant implications in improving treatment efficacy and patient quality of life.

Analysis of the world experience on the approaches to the definition of disability: on the way to reforming the system of medical and social expertise

The Ukrainian system of medical and social expertise needs to revise its conceptual and methodological foundations in accordance with the realities of the current development of social sciences in the world and demand of the state regarding the modern understanding of disability. The purpose of the study was to analyze international experience and legislation on policy towards persons with disabilities and systematic approaches to the criteria of violation of functioning and the possibilities of determining the status of "person with disabilities" using the basic principles of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Impairment and Health to create optimal approaches to determining the criteria for disability in Ukraine. The study was based on the analysis of available scientific literature and legislative documents of developed countries on the understanding of the concept of "person with a disability". The scientometric databases used were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MedLine. Data from the official websites of the Political Department of the European Parliament, WHO, the United Nations, UNICEF, the World Bank. According to the results of the study, it is determined that a single state body is responsible for determining the status of a person with a disability in sustainable development countries using a multidisciplinary approach. The author identifies 3 main components that most developed countries assess when determining disability: economic, medical and social. At the same time, the main criterion is decreased performance. It has been established that since 2022, Spain has completely switched to the criteria of the International Classification of Functioning in determining the signs of disability, basing the severity of a person's condition as a degree of disability on a percentage decrease in the person's functioning. Some European countries use selective categories of the ICF.

Personality Factors as Predictors of the Level of Personality Functioning in Adolescence: Examining the Influence of Birth Order, Financial Status, and Sex

This study aimed at examining the correlation between personality factors measured by the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure - which defines the personality in terms of: Humility-Honesty H, Emotionality E, Extraversion X, Agreeableness A, Conscientiousness C, and Openness to experience O - and the level of personality functioning (LOPF). It also examines HEXACO’s predictability of LOPF in adolescence in terms of sex (male, female), birth order (eldest child, middle child, youngest child, and the only child) and financial levels (above average, on average, below average). The sample included 1450 students from both secondary schools and universities all over Lebanon. Participants responded to the HEXACO PI-R-60 scale of personality structure, and Level of Personality Functioning LOPF 2.0 that pinpoints to the degrees of dysfunctionality in both intrapersonal and interpersonal domains; participants also answered other demographic questions. Data were analyzed through SPSS 23 by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients, running ANOVA and post Hoc Hochberg GT2 and Dunett t tests to explore variance among subgroups. Independent T- tests were also utilized to determine sex differences. Multiple linear regression was utilized to determine the predictability of LOPF by HEXACO. Results show that HEXACO factors are inversely correlated to LOPF except for Emotionality; no significant differences in LOPF exist between males and females; on the financial level, differences in LOPF are found only between middle group and below average group, and in terms of birth order, between the only child and the middle child. It is also depicted that LOPF can be predicted by HEXACO factors in different ways. Implications of the study are discussed in the light of the related theories.

Developmental cascades from early childhood attachment security to adolescent level of personality functioning among high-risk youth.

This study examines associations between early childhood attachment security and adolescent personality functioning in a high-risk sample within a developmental psychopathology framework. Data from 2,268 children (1165 male; 1103 female) and caregivers participating in Future of Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) were used to examine (1) effects of genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on attachment security and emotional and behavioral dysregulation in early childhood and (2) longitudinal associations and transactional relationships among attachment security, dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, social competence, and adolescent personality functioning. Results revealed that ACEs predicted attachment security over and above sex or the genetic risk, and gene × environment interactions did not increment prediction. Results of cascade models showed that greater early childhood attachment security predicted higher adolescent level of personality functioning via pathways through intermediary variables. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Initial validation of the Turkish version of the defense mechanisms rating scales-self-report-30.

The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30) was recently developed to add a self-report alternative to the assessment of defenses, reflecting their generally accepted hierarchical organization. In this study, we aimed to examine psychometric properties and factor structure of the Turkish language version of the DMRS-SR-30. The sample consisted of 1.002 participants who filled out a survey comprising the DMRS-SR-30, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Inventory of Personality Organization through Qualtrics. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated a three-factor structure (CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.05) that confirms the DMRS theoretical frame with a relatively acceptable fit. Defensive categories and total scale scores showed good to excellent reliability (α values ranging from 0.64 to 0.89). Correlations between defenses, symptoms, and personality functioning demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. The individuals with clinically significant BSI scores (T-score ≥ 63) differed on the DMRS-SR-30 scores from the individuals in the non-clinical range. The Turkish version of the DMRS-SR-30 is a reliable and valid instrument to self-assess the hierarchy of defense mechanisms and overall defensive functioning. Moreover, the current study supports the validity of the tripartite model of defenses in a language and culture different from the origins of the DMRS and DMRS-SR-30.

Patientencharakteristika an einer psychodynamischen Ausund Weiterbildungsambulanz.

In the present study we examined the characteristics of patients in terms of symptomatology and psychodynamic dimensions. The study utilized online questionnaires completed by n = 421 patients between September 2020 and March 2021. These questionnaires gathered information on sociodemographics, symptomatology (PHQ-D), relationship dynamics (IIP), personality functioning (OPD-SQS, IPO-16), and intrapsychic conflicts (OPD-KF). The sample consisted of 71.0 % females, with 65 % having prior experience with psychotherapeutic treatments. Notably, 74.9 % of the patients fulfilled the criteria of a depressive disorder in PHQ-D (with 34.8 % identified as Major Depressive Disorder, MDD). Additionally, 53.1 % of all patients surpassed the threshold for the diagnosis of a personality disorder based on the IPO-16. Findings suggest that patients seeking treatment at these clinics exhibit significant psychological distress and often have a history of prior psychotherapeutic interventions.

Time Since Injury Is Key to Modeling Trends in Aging and Overall Functioning of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Swiss Community Survey.

The aim of the study is to model the health indicator of functioning for persons with spinal cord injury or disorder living in Switzerland in the long-term context, considering chronological age, time since injury, and age at injury. This is a longitudinal analysis of three waves of a community survey. An interval-scaled functioning metric was constructed using modern test theory. Random effects within-between mixed models were used to investigate trends in functioning over time. Persons with complete injuries have lower levels of functioning than persons with incomplete injuries, and persons with complete tetraplegia have the lowest levels of functioning. The person's age when injured, the level and completeness of the injury, the presence of secondary health conditions, and various combinations of these factors significantly influenced how functioning changed over time. Our study shows that chronological age is not necessarily the best time variable for understanding the aging process of people with spinal cord injury in terms of changes in functioning over time and that modeling functioning over time since injury provides important insights into how functioning of people with complete or incomplete injuries declines with increasing time living with the injury.

Relational aggression in Greek university students: A latent profile analysis of students’ cultural orientations

IntroductionPersonal cultural orientations are influenced by the range of cultural beliefs and values that university students encounter during this developmental period. Personal cultural orientations may be related to relational aggression, which is a form of adverse behaviour that inflicts harm or manipulates others, particularly within the context of close relationships or social groups. However, the association between relational aggression and personal cultural orientations has been a relatively understudied research area. Previous studies have mainly focused on exploring potential differences in relational aggression across distinct cultures. ObjectiveThis study aimed at examining the associations between five personal cultural orientations (i.e., power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, masculinity, and long-term orientation) and functions of relational aggression (i.e., proactive and reactive) by applying a person-centered approach. MethodThe sample consisted of 730 Greek University students, 547 (i.e., 74.9% of the sample) were females, aged from 18 to 62years (M=24.42, SD=7.92), who completed an online survey. ResultsThe results of a latent profile analysis identified three profiles of personal cultural orientations, namely Consensus-oriented moderates; Consensus-oriented egalitarians; and Rules-based competitors. The latter group has higher scores compared to the other groups on both proactive and reactive relational aggression. ConclusionThe findings can have important implications in university settings, as distinct intervention strategies could be developed to target students based on their personal cultural orientations profile and their engagement in relational aggression.

Unravelling inter-relations within and between psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology using network analysis.

Psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology are closely inter-related, but more detailed insight is needed. We investigated these complex inter-relations using network analysis. A Gaussian graphical model in a sample of N = 2232 psychotherapeutic inpatients was estimated. Self-administered questionnaires to assess interpersonal relations (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32), psychodynamic conflicts (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Conflict Questionnaire), personality functioning (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Structure Questionnaire-Short Form, Inventory of Personality Organization-Short Form), and psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory) were utilized. We investigated the network structure, identified the most inter-related psychodynamic constructs and the psychodynamic constructs with the strongest inter-relations to psychopathology, and explored the clustering of all included constructs. Active and passive conflict processing modes were negatively inter-related in most conflicts. Passive conflict processing modes were more strongly related to psychopathology than active ones in all conflicts, apart from the care versus autarky conflict. Identity diffusion shared the strongest inter-relations within psychodynamic constructs. The psychodynamic constructs that were most strongly related to psychopathology were impairments in self-perception and the passive self-worth conflict. Psychopathology and psychodynamic constructs formed distinct clusters. Our results emphasize the relevance of personality functioning within psychodynamic constructs and in relation to psychopathology.

A novel blood-based epigenetic biosignature in first-episode schizophrenia patients through automated machine learning

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder that affects all aspects of personal functioning. While SCZ has a very strong biological component, there are still no objective diagnostic tests. Lately, special attention has been given to epigenetic biomarkers in SCZ. In this study, we introduce a three-step, automated machine learning (AutoML)-based, data-driven, biomarker discovery pipeline approach, using genome-wide DNA methylation datasets and laboratory validation, to deliver a highly performing, blood-based epigenetic biosignature of diagnostic clinical value in SCZ. Publicly available blood methylomes from SCZ patients and healthy individuals were analyzed via AutoML, to identify SCZ-specific biomarkers. The methylation of the identified genes was then analyzed by targeted qMSP assays in blood gDNA of 30 first-episode drug-naïve SCZ patients and 30 healthy controls (CTRL). Finally, AutoML was used to produce an optimized disease-specific biosignature based on patient methylation data combined with demographics. AutoML identified a SCZ-specific set of novel gene methylation biomarkers including IGF2BP1, CENPI, and PSME4. Functional analysis investigated correlations with SCZ pathology. Methylation levels of IGF2BP1 and PSME4, but not CENPI were found to differ, IGF2BP1 being higher and PSME4 lower in the SCZ group as compared to the CTRL group. Additional AutoML classification analysis of our experimental patient data led to a five-feature biosignature including all three genes, as well as age and sex, that discriminated SCZ patients from healthy individuals [AUC 0.755 (0.636, 0.862) and average precision 0.758 (0.690, 0.825)]. In conclusion, this three-step pipeline enabled the discovery of three novel genes and an epigenetic biosignature bearing potential value as promising SCZ blood-based diagnostics.

Perception and Practices of Health Data Privacy Protection among Consumers: An Empirical Study in One of Indonesia's Major Cities

Online information exchange has become commonplace in today's digital era, especially in the health sector. However, this also raises concerns regarding personal data privacy, especially health data. This study analyses consumers' perceptions and practices of health data privacy protection. The empirical method is used in this research. The data collection techniques used were literature studies, direct observation, and interviews. After the data is obtained, it is analysed through the stages of reduction, presentation of data, and conclusion. The results showed that consumers in Jakarta have a high level of perception of the importance of health data privacy; consumers understand that health data is sensitive information that needs to be protected. The law regarding the protection of consumer health data privacy in Indonesia is Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. Practices in carrying out the personal data protection function by officers involve providing information and consultation to those in control of personal data to ensure compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law, monitoring to ensure that the rules applied by those in control of individual data are by the provisions of the applicable requirements, providing advice regarding the impact of personal data protection as well as monitoring the performance of individual data controllers and coordinating and taking action on issues related to activities in processing personal data.

Mentalization based treatment for a broad range of personality disorders: a naturalistic study

BackgroundSeveral studies have observed that mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), but its effectiveness for other personality disorders (PDs) has hardly been examined. Additionally, the evidence supporting the claim that MBT improves mentalizing capacity is scarce. The present study examined whether (i) patients with a broad range of PDs enrolled in an MBT program would improve on several outcome measures (ii) mentalizing capacity would improve over time; (iii) patients with BPD would improve more than those with non-borderline PDs.MethodPersonality disorders, psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, maladaptive personality functioning and mentalizing capacity were measured in a group of individuals with various PDs (n = 46) that received MBT. Assessments were made at baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment. The severity of psychiatric symptoms, measured using the Outcome Questionnaire 45, was the primary outcome variable.ResultsOverall, enrollment in the MBT program was associated with a decrease in psychiatric symptoms and an improvement of personality functioning, social functioning for a mixed group of PDs (all p’s ≤\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\le$$\\end{document} .01). Bigger effect sizes were observed for BPD patients (n = 25) than for patients with non-BPD (n = 21), but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). A primary analysis showed that the decrease in psychiatric symptoms was significant in BPD patients (p = 0.01), not in non-BPD (p = 0.19) patients. However, a sufficiently powered secondary analysis with imputed data showed that non-BPD patients reported a significant decrease in psychiatric symptoms too (p = 0.01). Mentalizing capacity of the whole group improved over time (d = .68 on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and 1.46 on the Social Cognition and Object Relations System).DiscussionThese results suggest that MBT coincides with symptomatic and functional improvement across a broad range of PDs and shows that MBT is associated with improvements in mentalizing capacity. As the study is not experimental in design, we cannot make causal claims.ConclusionMentalization-based treatment may be an effective treatment for patients with a broad range of PDs.Trial registrationThe study design was approved by the Leiden University Ethical Committee.

All hands on deck: The multidisciplinary rehabilitation assessment and management of hand function in persons with neuromuscular disorders

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First Psychometric Evaluation of the English Version of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1)

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders provides a dimensional framework for the conceptualization of personality disorders where Criterion A concerns the assessment of one’s level of personality functioning (LPF). This study examines the psychometric properties of the English translation of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1) to validate this translation for the assessment of LPF in English-speaking populations; and examine whether this measure increments self-report measures of LPF and personality pathology in predicting general functioning. The sample consisted of 129 emerging adults between 18 and 25 years of age (M = 20.54, SD = 2.08) from a mixed college and clinical sample. Results support a unidimensional factor structure of the STiP-5.1, good internal consistency, and high inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was supported through associations of the STiP-5.1 with self-report measures of LPF and personality pathology. The STiP-5.1 incremented self-report measures of personality pathology in predicting functional impairment, though additional variance explained was modest. Finally, STiP-5.1 scores differentiated individuals who obtained a score at or above the clinical cutoff from those below on self-report measures of personality pathology and LPF with large effect sizes. Findings support the validity of the English translation of the STiP-5.1 for the assessment of LPF.

Music therapy group for women outpatients with major depressive disorder under treatment as usual in a psychiatric institution: non-randomized pilot trial

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness in the world. Pharmacological treatment is typically the first choice, but Humanistic Music Therapy (HMT) may offer additional benefits when added to Treatment As Usual (TAU). This single-arm pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Group HMT as an intervention for adult women diagnosed with MDD, in a psychiatric institution. The study comprised 12 outpatient women with MDD who received more than one year of pharmacological treatment. A pre-test/post-test design using the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D-21), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales were employed to evaluate symptom severity and patient changes. Results indicated a significant decrease in HAM-D scores from 15.7 to 6.6 (p ≤ .005), a notable improvement in personal and social functioning (PSP scale) (p ≤ .05), and an increase in global activity level (GAF scale) (p ≤ .05). In conclusion, adult women with MDD receiving TAU in a psychiatric institution experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and enhancement in global activity, personal, and social functioning when HMT was added to their treatment regimen. This study is limited by being non-randomized, unblinded, and, with a small population. A randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the benefits of HMT.

Hierarchical Noncooperative Dynamical Systems Under Intragroup and Intergroup Incentives

A framework for hierarchical noncooperative systems with dynamic agents is proposed. In the characterized framework, agents in each group are incentivized by a corresponding group manager who represents the benefits of group utility via an intra-group incentive mechanism. The coefficients in intra-group incentive functions are characterized as the group manager's strategy in this paper. The update rules that can be adopted by the group managers are proposed based on the local state and the payoff information with continual and intermittent observation on the state of the agents from the other groups. Sufficient conditions under which the trajectory of agents' state converges towards the group Nash equilibrium are derived for the proposed update rules. Furthermore, to improve the social welfare of the entire system, we propose an inter-group incentive scheme in the group managers level for a system governor to bring agents' state to a target equilibrium. To deal with the uncertain information on agents' personal payoff functions for the system governor, we present sufficient conditions to guarantee the convergence of agents' state to the target equilibrium. Three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficacy of our approach.

Beyond pain: the influence of psychological factors on functional status in fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by chronic widespread pain, often associated with fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive and mood impairment. Pain is a complex and multidimensional experience that significantly impacts personal, social, and professional functioning. Psychological factors related to chronic pain include catastrophising and self-efficacy in managing the painful condition. Therefore, this study explores the influence of chronic pain and related psychological factors on functional outcomes in FM patients. In this study, 91 Italian patients with FM were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included instruments to assess pain, such as the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), psychological characteristics, such as the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and health-related quality of life with the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12). Multiple regression models were run, using the Interference subscale of the BPI and the physical and mental components of the SF-12 as outcomes, and the NRS, PCS and PSEQ scales as predictors. Our analysis revealed that in our model, both PCS and PSEQ were significant predictors of BPI-Interference (PCS: β=0.29; p=0.001; PSEQ: β=-0.36; p<0.001); NRS and PSEQ significantly predicted SF-12-Physical score (NRS: β=-0.32; p=<0.001; PSEQ: β=.50; p<0.001); PCS was found to be the only significant predictor of SF-12-Mental scores (β=-0.53; p<0.001). Our results suggested that psychological variables such as catastrophic thinking and self-efficacy play a significant role in determining daily functioning and physical and mental health status in FM patients, showing greater influence than pain intensity.

The association of adverse childhood experiences with long-term outcomes of psychosis: a 21-year prospective cohort study after a first episode of psychosis.

Evidence suggests a possible relationship between exposure to childhood adversity (CA) and functional impairment in psychosis. However, the impact of CA on long-term outcomes of psychotic disorders remains poorly understood. Two hundred and forty-three patients were assessed at their first episode of psychosis for CA and re-assessed after a mean of 21 years of follow-up for several outcome domains, including symptoms, functioning, quality of life, cognitive performance, neurological dysfunction, and comorbidity. The unique predictive ability of CA exposure for outcomes was examined using linear regression analysis controlling for relevant confounders, including socioeconomic status, family risk of schizophrenia, and obstetric complications. There were 54% of the patients with a documented history of CA at mild or higher levels. CA experiences were more prevalent and severe in schizophrenia than in other psychotic disorders (p < 0.001). Large to very large effect sizes were observed for CA predicting most role functioning variables and negative symptoms (ΔR2 between 0.105 and 0.181). Moderate effect sizes were observed for positive symptoms, personal functioning, impaired social cognition, impaired immediate verbal learning, poor global cognition, internalized stigma, poor personal recovery, and drug abuse severity (ΔR2 between 0.040 and 0.066). A dose-response relationship was observed between levels of CA and severity of outcome domains. Our results suggest a strong and widespread link between early adversity exposure and outcomes of psychotic disorders. Awareness of the serious long-term consequences of CA should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions.

Implementing preventive healthcare strategies in early intervention

In recent years, efforts to promote early intervention for children with developmental delays have been made to prevent further pathological invasion in children. Early rehabilitation through early screening not only enhances treatment effectiveness but also significantly reduces the pain and damage caused by diseases to families. In the concept of preventive healthcare strategies, it can be divided into three stages and five levels: (1) Primary prevention: can be divided into two levels, health promotion, and specific protection. (2) Secondary prevention: providing early treatment through early screening. (3) Tertiary prevention: mainly aimed at restoring the maximum function of disabilities caused by diseases, only causing minimal restrictions on personal function, and can be divided into two levels, limitation of disability, and rehabilitation treatment. In this article, besides exploring the causes of early childhood developmental disorders, the author combines preventive healthcare strategies to propose the differentiated application of early intervention in the three stages of preventive healthcare. This article reviews the current situation and challenges in Taiwan, and proposes possible responses based on scholars' views and personal opinions, aiming to enhance the quality of early intervention services provided by interdisciplinary teams.