Functional Diagnostic Methods Research Articles

The Development of Digital Technologies in Mining Machinery Technical Maintenance

Methods of functional diagnostics for technical conditions of rolling element bearings are studied in the paper. Their strengths and shortcomings are revealed. The model of shock pulses formation in the event of faults in the rolling element bearings is built. The possibility to apply wavelet-transformation for detecting these faults and defining technical condition of mining machinery assembly units is introduced.

Influence of organism regulation process on the condition of biologically active points

Human body is an open energy system. Aggressive environment forces us to adapt to modern social and economic conditions, technogenic factors and increasing psychological, physical and informational overload. Physiological self-regulation is realized both at the level of individual functional system as well as through their interaction. These are the most important factor in achieving physiological, psychological and social adaptation. Biologically active points (BAP), are projected onto the skin areas of the highest activity of the system of interaction, which unites the integuments of the body, nervous system, internal organs. In them at different depths (from several millimeters to several centimeters) nerve receptors are located, which perceive the effect and transmit them to the internal organs. The functional properties of BAP allow them to participate in the processes of regulating the energy balance of the body. The purpose of this study is to measure changes in the physical parameters of BAPs involved in the energy exchange. In this study BAPs were impacted in two ways. In the first method, experiment participants concentrated mentally to affect the exchange of energy and information in the body. In the first method, organs or energy centers were impacted by the participant himself within his or her internal bodily environment. In the second method, external BAP activation was employed. Laser radiation with wavelength of 0.63 ÷ 0.65 μm and power output power no more than 5 mW. BAP status was assessed by methods of functional diagnostics, i.e measurement of electrical potentials (Foul method) and measurement of infrared radiation on the body surface (thermal imaging method). Despite the differences in impact mechanisms, both methods produce the same effect: an increase in the ability for adaptation and normalization of the functional body state. Thermal imaging is a method for objective monitoring the results of energy-information exchange in the body. Thermal field of the body surface reflects individual characteristics of an organism. Changes in thermal field parameters provoked by self-regulation correspond with individual differences related to person's physiological and psychological state.

Chewing muscles functional status assessment in patients with TMJ muscular-articular dysfunction while using of soft occlusal splint

Currently, the functional diagnosis of the entire dentition state is becoming an integral part of orthodontic and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders correction. Aim — to study the functional state of the masticatory muscles in patients with muscular-articular dysfunction before and after using an soft occlusal splint. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 478 patients (63% women, 37% men), aged 18 to 50 years, with various types of the dentition occlusion and muscular-articular TMJ dysfunction was performed. The main methods of functional diagnostics included: 1) masticatory muscle electromyography on Synapsis electromyograph (NeuroTech, Russia); 2) occlusion computer analysis with T-Scan III (Teksan, USA). Results. This work has established, based on the masticatory muscles functional state study, that bioelectrical activity was higher in the temporal muscles than in the masticatory muscles with the coefficient of symmetry from 2 to 4.5 in 65% of patients. After using an soft occlusal splintfor 6—12 months, the data of functional research methods confirm an improvement in the state of masticatory muscles in 84% of patients with TMJ. Conclusions. The obtained results have confirmed the fact of the masticatory muscles functional state improving with effectiveness of an soft occlusal splint use in patients with muscular articular TMJ dysfunction.

Neurophysiological methods for predicting outcome in cases of spine and spinal cord injury

The purpose of the review was to determine the capabilities of neurophysiological examination for predicting the outcome of spinal injury. We have analyzed the methods of neurophysiological examination of spinal cord function and the role of these data in prediction of functional recovery in patients with complicated vertebral-spinal injury. Application of functional diagnostic methods for spinal shock was also considered.

Immunological reactivity status in the process of professional adaptation of flight personnel.

The impact of unfavorable factors of aviation flight causes a significant strain in the flight crew of the functional state of the body, including various parts of the immune system. To date, research on the problems of interaction between different parts of the immune system in flight personnel in the process of professional adaptation is practically absent. In this regard, a study was conducted of immunological reactivity according to calculated data from 100 pilots of fighter aircraft and 102 pilots of other types of aircraft. The data obtained indicate significant dissociation of the flight composition in the immune system and changes in its reactivity. Studies of immunological reactivity in terms of integral leukocyte indices seem promising and, in combination with other methods of clinical and functional diagnostics, will expand the possibilities of assessing the overall functional status of pilots in the process of medical examination.

Role of Color Perimetry and Visocontrastometry in Diagnosis of Optical Neuritis

The most sensitive method for assessing changes in visual functions in patients with optical neuritis is chromatic computer perimetry with a red mark on a green background.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical and functional diagnostic methods for optical neuritis. Material and methods. A cross-sectional, non-randomized, comprehensive examination of 53 patients aged 19–48 years (31.65 ± 4.88), the ratio M : W = 1 : 1.2 with optic neuritis was performed. Of these, 43 cases are patients with multiple sclerosis. The control group consisted of 37 people with high visual acuity, somatically healthy, corresponding to the clinical group by sex and age.Results. Retinal sensitivity in patients with optic neuritis according color contrast perimetry was below the norm by 21.96 %. The depth of blindspots at optical neuritis, differed in significant variability and was in the range from to 2.6 to –19.64 dB. The level of visual field defects depended on the severity of the inflammatory process and, on average, exceeded the indices of the control group by 4.64 times. The area of scotoma in optical neuritis exceeded the values of the control group by 1.81 times.Conclusion. The most sensitive method for assessing changes in visual functions in patients with optical neuritis is chromatic perimetry with a red mark on a green background. Chromatic and achromatic visocontrastometry makes it possible to reveal a significant decrease in indices only in the high frequency range, which characterizes the state of the macular area, which generally indicates the predominant involvement of the retinal ganglion cells in the pathological process.The most sensitive method for assessing changes in visual functions in patients with optical neuritis is chromatic perimetry with a red mark on a green background.

Clinical case of non-immune hydrops in a preterm infant with paroxismal tachycardia

Non-immune hydrops of the fetus is a heterogeneous pathology, which is usually the final stage in the development of intrauterine diseases, manifested by clinically pronounced hydration in the absence of signs of immune sensitization. This pathology is characterized by relatively high mortality in both antenatal and postnatal periods. The causes of non-immune hydrops of the fetus are very diverse, arrhythmias being one of common causes of non-immune hydrops. As are a starting factor for the development of non-immune hydrops in utero they are more often observed in the period from 29 to 32 weeks of gestational age. The reasons for a fetus to be prone to develop arrhythmias in the later stages of pregnancy are unknown. However, they may be due to changes velocity of impulse propagation along the aberrant pathways of the cardiac conducting system. Nevertheless, it is this factor that further leads to the accumulation of fluid in serous cavities and tissues, the most common form of arrhythmia in the fetus being supraventricular tachycardia. The article describes a clinical case of non-immune hydrops in a preterm infant with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia is presented. The close relationship between rhythm disturbance in the fetus as well as the emergency and further increasing of non-immune hydrops is noted. The symptoms of this pathology are discussed, the data of functional and laboratory diagnostic methods. Attention is paid to parameters of mechanical ventilation of the lungs; scheme of cardiotonic support in the treatment of this case of non-immune hydrops is given.

ОЦЕНКА МОЩНОСТИ СУДОВЫХ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ УСТАНОВОК

In modern conditions developing methods of functional diagnostics of the technical state of internal combustion engines, which are based on monitoring of power indicators, is of current importance for ship power plants (SPP). In terms of inability to estimate the plant’s capacity during the voyage, it was proposed to develop methods for its indirect estimation. Measuring the angular acceleration of the crankshaft of the going up engine is considered the well-known and most reliable method for estimating the power plant capacity. There has been presented a device flowchart for estimating the capacity of a SPP based on the ratio of fuel and air consumption. In this case the restriction is that the method can be employed only for the SPPs equipped with gearboxes with the function of discontinuity of the shaft line due to a great moment of inertia of the propeller submerged into the water. There has been suggested the analysis of the ratio of fuel and air consumption at a certain frequency of shaft rotation, as a versatile way to evaluate capacity of SPPs with internal combustion engines. It has been stated that the SPP energy parameters can be evaluated using the analysis of the torsional-vibrational system values. To this end, it was suggested to use a relatively new method of processing diagnostic information based on wavelet analysis using sensors of torsional vibrations installed on fixed supports and having a function to determine angular deformations of the shaft line caused by the rotation torque vibrations. A distinctive feature of the wavelet analysis is a high sensitivity in determining short-term high-frequency signal fluctuations. There is given an example of recording the amplitude values of torque when using this method. Amplitude values have been calculated on the basis of Morlet function, according to Hölder's indicator, at the SPP engine rotation speed 900 rpm for four turns of the engine crankshaft.

ANALYSIS OF HEMODYNAMICS AND STATE OF THE HEAD AND NECK VESSELS IN PATIENTS WITH GNATIC FORM OF MALOCCLUSION CLASS III BEFORE AND AFTER THE ORTHOGNATIC SURGERY (CLINICAL CASE)

Objectives - to evaluate and compare the hemodynamics and the condition of the head and neck vessels in patients with gnathic form of malocclusion class III before and after the orthognathic surgery on the lower jaw; to find the relationship between the disturbance in blood flow and the occlusal pathology. Material and methods. We examined an 18-year-old female patient with gnathic form of malocclusion class III who previously had received the orthodontic treatment. An operation on the lower jaw was performed. We used X-ray (orthopantomography (OPT), teleradiography), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and functional diagnostic methods (Doppler ultrasonography of the head and neck vessels) before and after surgery on the lower jaw. Results. After the surgery on the lower jaw there were changes in angular and linear parameters in the patient with malocclusion class III according to the teleradiography data. We also detected local hemodynamically significant effects using Doppler ultrasonography. Conclusion. We can recommend this new method that improves the quality of diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies and the state of hemodynamics of the head and neck vessels to dentists of various specialties.

Clinical recommendations in pulmonology. The role of functional diagnostics methods in their implementation

The article presents excerpts related to the use of functional diagnostic methods from clinical recommendations for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which have been approved by the Russian Respiratory Society and the Russian Ministry of Health today.

Functional Diagnostic Methods in Cardiac Prognosis in Major Abdominal Surgery in Patients with Heart Disease or Over 65 Years Old

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the value of the results of the use of cardiac functional examination methods for the stratification of the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in planned abdominal surgical interventions in patients over 65 years of age or with cardiac pathology.Materials and methods. The study included 179 patients over 65 years of age or with a history of heart disease who underwent elective abdominal surgery. The median age was 70 years. During the operation and for 30 days after it, cardiac complications were recorded: severe (myocardial infarction, stroke, death from cardiovascular disease), others (strokes of exertional angina, ischemic dynamics of the ST segment on the electrocardiogram – ECG – rest, paroxysmal fibrillation / flutter atrial). All patients underwent basic examination – examination, anamnesis, ECG, blood test, assessment of respiratory function, ECG monitoring. Additionally, echocardiography (EchoCG) and ergospirometry (ESM) were performed.Results. In 30 (16.8 %) patients, various MTRs were detected: 6 (3.4 %) of fatal myocardial infarctions, 2 (1.1 %) of fatal strokes; 3 (1.7 %) cases of sudden cardiac death, angina attacks were recorded in 4 (2.2 %) patients, 7 (3.9 %) had ischemic ECG dynamics, 11 (6.1 %) had fibrillation episodes or atrial flutter. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intervention on the colon, blood hemoglobin level <100 g / l, serum creatinine >103 μmol / l, presence of any pathological changes in the resting ECG were associated with the development of SSO; according to EchoCG – VTI (linear velocity integral) in the outflow tract of the left ventricle (LV) <21.5 cm, volume of the left atrium> 57 ml, global LV myocardial deformity is less than 18 %, increase in heart rate (HR) at the 1st minute load test> 27 %, peak oxygen consumption at ESM <15.8 ml / kg / min. The optimal plan for preoperative examination in men is to perform a basic model, and for women it is advisable to combine a basic examination with an ESM or an assessment of the degree of myocardial deformity using the speckle-tracking method for EchoCG.Conclusion. The risk of perioperative MTS during planned abdominal operations in patients older than 65 years or with a history of heart disease is relatively high – 16.8 %. When assessing the risk associated with the operation, it is advisable to additionally conduct echocardiography with VTI assessment in the LV outflow tract and myocardial deformity indicators, as well as ESM with the determination of HR increase in the 1st minute of the test and peak oxygen consumption.

Allergological and immunological parameters and effectiveness of treatment of timely and later diagnosed bronchial asthma in children

Relevance. Timely diagnostics of bronchial asthma and the prescription of adequate therapy in children is an important problem at the present time. Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of clinical, immunological parameters, results of allergological examination and to evaluate the effectiveness of basic therapy in timely and late diagnosed bronchial asthma (BA) in children. Materials and methods. 155 children aged 5-15 years old with timely and late diagnosed mild persistent BA were under the observation. Modern immunological, allergological, functional diagnostic methods were used. Results. It was proved that late diagnosis of the disease is characterized by polysensitization and significant immunological disorders. It was shown that timely prescription of anti-inflammatory basic therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroid budesonid in BA children leads to a complete control of BA resulting in recovery of the lung function parameters; in late diagnostics more prolonged courses of treatment are required.

TENDINOPATHY OF THE TRICEPS TENDON. ETIOLOGY, CLINIC, IMAGING

Tendonopathy of the sinus triceps tendon is characterized by a variety of clinics and nosological manifestations, the presence of combined forms, nonspecific symptoms, which complicates the diagnosis. Deep clinical analysis, the use of modern methods of functional and radiation diagnostics, such as ultrasonic diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging, allow early diagnosis of the pathology of the Achilles tendon. In this literature review, the main causes of changes in Achilles tendons in individuals of different ages, their clinical manifestations are collected. The most frequently used methods of radiation diagnostics are: ultrasonic diagnostics of the Achilles tendon, ultrasound sonoelastography, visualization technology of acoustic radiation of the pulse force, magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle joint. The main functional and radiation manifestations of tendonopathy of the shin triceps tendons in individuals with various pathologies are shown.

Современные функциональные методы диагностики ретинопатии недоношенных (обзор литературы)

Современные функциональные методы диагностики ретинопатии недоношенных (обзор литературы)

The nonspecific lymph node uptake of 18F-choline in patients with prostate cancer--a prospective observational study.

The aim of this study was to observe and characterize the nonspecific ¹⁸F-choline lymph node uptake in patients with prostate cancer. In this single center, prospective observational study which was done in University Hospital Center Zagreb between December 2012 and October 2014, 69 patients (median age 71 years; range 50-92) with prostate cancer were included. Patients underwent ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT for staging or restaging of prostate cancer. The mean follow-up period was 11.5 months. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to find out if the differences between SUV values of specific and nonspecific accumulation of the tracer are statistically significant. Nonspecific accumulation of ¹⁸F-choline in lymph nodes was found in 36 patients (52.7%). Most of these findings (n = 24) were nonspecific accumulation of the tracer in mediastinal lymph nodes. Other sites of nonspecific tracer uptake were pulmonary hila (n = 20), inguinal lymph nodes (n = 15), and axillary lymph nodes (n = 10). Mean SUV values for mediastinal lymph nodes, pulmonary hila, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes were 4.8, 4.3, 3.1 and 4.1, respectively. Mean SUV value of nonspecific sites of tracer accumulation was lower (not significantly; (p = 0.2) than tracer uptake values measured in metastases sites (bone metastases mean SUVmax value - 13.2, metastatic lymph nodes mean SUVmax value - 9.2). ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT is a valuable and an established functional diagnostic imaging method for staging and restaging prostate cancer. However, nonspecific uptake of the tracer can often be seen in lymph nodes not related to primary disease. Patient history, clinical examination, laboratory tests and correlation with other imaging methods, must be taken into consideration when interpreting ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT findings.

Оптимизация ускоренного обучения технике спортивного плавания студенток высших учебных заведений

Purpose: optimizing the learning process engineering sport diving students of higher educational institutions on the basis of experimental detection features changes leading factors in teaching swimming. Material and Methods: the study involved 102 students of higher educational institutions. Kharkov. All subjects were divided into groups: experimental and control. Methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of data specific scientific and methodological literature, educational tests, methods of functional diagnostics, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: according to the results of peer reviews of sports engineering methods of navigation, the best results achieved experimental group students. Performance analyses of functional tests that assess the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were higher in the experimental group students than the control. Conclusions: developed an innovative system of accelerated learning technique sport diving students, creates favorable conditions for the improvement of physical development and physical fitness, providing a faster increase athletic performance.

Contemporary methods of surgical stress functional diagnostics (literature review and own data)

New data about functional methods of diagnostics used for detection of acute stress physiological manifestation in patients during surgery and dental interventions is presented in the review. Modern scientific and technical developments that have been implemented in medicine helping professionals estimate psycho-emotional state of each patient objectively, determine nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems reactivity during postsurgical stress and monitor the efficiency of premedicative preparation and anesthesia methods used are considered. The results of own investigation are represented.

Validity of functional diagnostic examination for temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction

The choice of approach for diagnosing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR), viz. functional examination or TMJ imaging, is debatable and complicated by findings of low agreement between these approaches. Our aim was to investigate the validity of functional ADDR diagnostics using clinical examination and opto-electronic mandibular movement recordings versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 53 participants (32 women and 21 men, mean age ± s.d. of 28.7 ± 10.1 years) underwent a clinical examination, mandibular movement recording and MRI of their TMJs within 1 month. All were performed and analysed in a single-blind design by different experienced examiners for each technique. The sensitivity and specificity of each functional diagnostic method was calculated, with MRI as the gold standard. Anterior disc displacement with reduction was diagnosed in 27.6% of the TMJs clinically, in 15.2% using the movement recordings and in 44.8% on MRI. The specificity of the clinical examination for diagnosing ADDR was 81.0%, and of the movement recordings, 96.6%. The sensitivity was 38.3% and 29.8%, respectively. The chance of having a false-positive functional diagnosis of ADDR compared with MRI is low, and disagreement between the functional methods and MRI is mainly due to the high number of MRI diagnoses in asymptomatic subjects. In view of the fact that ADDR becomes clinically relevant only when it interferes with TMJ function, the functional diagnostic approach can be considered benchmark in ADDR recognition.

Гендерные разЛичия показатеЛей функционаЛьных методов у пациентов с ишемической боЛезнью сердца

Research objective — to reveal and describe gender distinctions during the chronic ischemic heart disease on indexes of the main functional diagnostic methods, including holter monitoring of electrocardiogram, echocardiography and doppler. Material and methods. Research was conducted in groups of male and female patients with different forms of chronic ischemic heart disease. Diagnostic methods included: assessment of character and level of arrhythmia, dynamics of segment ST according to holter monitoring; assessment of heart and functions of left ventricle and doppler indexes according to echocardiography. Results. In patients with chronic ischemic heart disease gender distinctions in disease and indexes of functional diagnostic methods, shown by earlier start and more progressing course of disease, and also more expressed defeat of left ventricle at men, and dominance of arrhythmia at women is revealed.

Moderne Funktionsdiagnostik bei Ösophaguserkrankungen

Modern functional laboratories provide various techniques for the evaluation of esophageal diseases. For proton pump inhibitor (PPI) refractory reflux symptoms the differentiation of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional heartburn is essential for the choice of further treatment. The differentiation of the two clinical entities is based on functional diagnostic methods, such as catheter-based and catheter-free pH measurement as well as combined pH measurement and intraluminal impedance. Combined pH measurement and impedance monitoring detects individual reflux episodes and permits the diagnosis of additional functional esophageal diseases, such as supragastric belching. The technical innovation of high resolution manometry has led to a better understanding of esophageal pathophysiology and motility disorders and resulted in a new classification system of esophageal motility disorders (Chicago classification). The diagnosis of achalasia by high resolution manometry differentiates three distinct subtypes which has a direct therapeutic impact on the clinical management.